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Philosophy of Sport and Movement Definition ! A thoughtful look at sport and movement ! Education through the physical approach ! Philosophers look at the big questions and rely on analytical thinking more than statistical data

Mind/body: Three ways of looking at human beings and how we think ! Materialism All thinking and consciousness is reduced to matter The human body is nothing more than a machine!

Dualism ! The view that each person is two entities, a mind with mental attributes and a body with physical attributes, instead of a single entity with attributes of both sorts. www.filosofia.net/materiales/rec/glosaen.htm ! Thus, we have a body that we inhabit and call our own and a consciousness that is different from this body. ! Plato: mind and body are separate, but keep the body healthy to nourish the mind ! Why is this important to movement philosophers? A dualistic belief that the mind and body are separate and the development of the mind is of utmost importance has hindered the pursuit of movement activities throughout time Body worlds? A Holistic Perspective on the Mind/Body: holism ! Who we are is a complex interaction between body, brain and mind ! Fusion of mind and body: 21st century holistic approaches to mind/body perspectives gives equal attention to the body ! Research on exercise and the role it plays in reducing depression and enhancing mood is an example of a holistic approach to movement. This is body influencing mind. ! Visualization for cancer patients demonstrates the importance of how we think affects the response of our physical bodies. This is mind influencing body.

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A Holistic Perspective on the Mind/Body: holism ! Who we are is a complex interaction between body, brain and mind ! Fusion of mind and body: 21st century holistic approaches to mind/body perspectives gives equal attention to the body ! Research on exercise and the role it plays in reducing depression and enhancing mood is an example of a holistic approach to movement. This is body influencing mind. ! Visualization for cancer patients demonstrates the importance of how we think affects the response of our physical bodies. This is mind influencing body. ! Stress research Ethics in sport and movement settings ! Definition: process of deciding right from wrong. Ethics are not laws. They are not imposed by the state. Rather, they are norms, values, beliefs, habits, and attitudes that are embraced voluntarily-that we as a society impose on ourselves. Laws regulate behavior from the outside in. Ethics regulate behavior from the inside out (Friedman p.192 in Hot, Flat and Crowded). ! Does sport promote ethical behavior?

Everyday ethical problems in sport ! Issue of truth telling ! Scenario: You are playing in a volleyball game. You attempt to block an approaching hitter and the ball barely grazes off your fingers and lands out of bounds. The referee does not see you touch the ball. Your team wins the championship game

Often cited motivations for determining behavior/ethical guidelines ! Societal guidelines: customs, laws, written and unwritten rules of culture ! Self-interest: based on what is good for the individual ! Moral high road: greatest good for the most people

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Real Life Scenarios Morality on a Slippery Slope Key players: Mark Inglis, climber with two prosthetic legs trying to summit Mt. Everest David Sharp, hunkered down in a snow cave, taking his last breaths.

! Self-interest: based on what is good for the individual ! Moral high road: greatest good for the most people
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Real Life Scenarios Morality on a Slippery Slope Key players: Mark Inglis, climber with two prosthetic legs trying to summit Mt. Everest David Sharp, hunkered down in a snow cave, taking his last breaths.

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Ethical Guidelines on Everest? ! Societal guidelines? ! Self-interest? ! Moral high road?

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! Golfer in Texas. Turned in a scorecard and then realized later that the score was wrong by one stroke. He called and reported the error, even though it meant that he lost the tournament, money and a possible chance to compete on the Pro tour that year.
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! Texas Tech hired Bobby Knight. He was fired from Indiana after choking a student standing in line for registration.
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! Coach Carter locked players out of the gym and locker room to improve their grades. ! University president at an Eastern college suspended a whole football team, even though they had a winning season and could jeopardize their chances at the championship. Players watched as a few players sexually assaulted women at a party.
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Clowe: Poke check from bench? 4th Position for the Christian? ! Higher calling ! Responsibility to follow Scriptural mandates ! In the world, but not of it? ! Examples from sport?
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watched as a few players sexually assaulted women at a party.

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Clowe: Poke check from bench? 4th Position for the Christian? ! Higher calling ! Responsibility to follow Scriptural mandates ! In the world, but not of it? ! Examples from sport?

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Philippians 4:8 ! Finally my brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence or if anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things. These things that you have learned and received and heard from me, practice these things; and the God of peace will be with you. Examples ! Female coach of Cedarville volleyball team amazed referees, fellow coaches, and fans simply by insisting that her players be honest by informing the referee when they touch the ball before it careens out of bounds (Hoffman, 2010, p. 204). ! Coach of a high school basketball team in Georgia won a come from behind victory in the championship game, only to find that one of the players had been academically ineligible. He had only played in one game for 45 sec. Coach reported the infraction and gave up the championship. Why? People forget the scores of basketball games; they dont ever forget what youre made of. (qtd. in Hoffman, 2010, p. 202). ! High jumper from Purdue informed the official that she had been incorrectly given credit for clearing a height that she had not (Hoffman, 2010, p. 206). Does sport build character? Research ! Survey of 4200 high school athletes: over half of the males and 45% of females believe in the real world successful people do what they have to do to win even if others consider it cheating (Hoffman, 2010, p. 209). ! University of Idaho study regarding moral reasoning of over 70,000 athletes. They found that athletes consistently evaluate the problems using significantly less mature moral reasoning skills than the general student population a sharp drop in scores in recent years (Hoffman, 2010, p. 210). Does Sport Build Character? ! To assume that players can inhabit a culture in which self4

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! Survey of 4200 high school athletes: over half of the males and 45% of females believe in the real world successful people do what they have to do to win even if others consider it cheating (Hoffman, 2010, p. 209). ! University of Idaho study regarding moral reasoning of over 70,000 athletes. They found that athletes consistently evaluate the problems using significantly less mature moral reasoning skills than the general student population a sharp drop in scores in recent years (Hoffman, 2010, p. 210).
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Does Sport Build Character? ! To assume that players can inhabit a culture in which selfworth and achievement hinge on a single-minded, unyielding determination to further their own cause at the expense of others without that culture shaping their worldviews and their perceptions of right and wrong is just as fatuous as assuming that they wont learn some positive qualities like self-discipline, sacrifice, and mental toughness through the same experience (Hoffman, 2010, p. 212). Differences between play and sport SPORT: ! Outcome: determined by physical skill and strategy, not usually chance ! Emotional investment: high ! Focus: extrinsic rewards ! Question: How can sport remain playful to the participants?

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Differences between play and sport PLAY: ! Spontaneous: not limited to time or space. Outcomes are uncertain. ! Focus: Intrinsic rewards ! Emotional investment: low

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Historical Roots Key contributor: Friedrich Froebel ! Value of play: -Play is the highest form of child development A child that plays thoroughlywill certainly be a thorough, determined man. Play at this time is not trivial, it is highly serious and of deep significance.the spontaneous play of the child (contributes) to the future inner life of the man.

! Emotional investment: low

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Historical Roots Key contributor: Friedrich Froebel ! Value of play: -Play is the highest form of child development A child that plays thoroughlywill certainly be a thorough, determined man. Play at this time is not trivial, it is highly serious and of deep significance.the spontaneous play of the child (contributes) to the future inner life of the man. ! Kindergarten movement
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Play is the work of childhood!

www.nirvanaschool.org
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Images ! http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01014/ body_worlds_pregna_1014471c.jpghttp:// clikhear.palmbeachpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/ bodyworlds.jpg