New Concept TB 1

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS
VOCABULARY
Is this your (handbag)?
Nouns
Numbers
Yes, it is.
book pen
1-10
My name is...
car pencil
Expressions
coat shirt
dress skirt
hand bag watch
house
Excuse me.
Pardon?
Thank you very much.
VOCABULARY
Nouns
My coat and my umbrella.
Numbers
This is (not) my (umbrella).

11-15
Here is my your...
Daughter
suit
Is this it?
school
teacher
No, it isn't.
Sir
ticket
It isn't my(umbrella).
son
umbrella
Expressions
It is(It's) your (umbrella).
please
sorry
VOCABULARY
This is (Sophie).
Nouns
She is(She's) French.
Mr.
He is(He's) German.
student
It's(French).
Adjectives
Miss
Expressions
It's a(French) car.

American Italian
It's(English).
English
It's an(English)car.
Swedish
German Chinese
Good morning.
How do you do?
His/her name is (name's)...
What make is it?
Japanese
Korean
He's/She's a (French) student.

Yes, she is./No, she isn't.
Yes, he is./No, he isn't.
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Numbers
air-hostess milkman
Are you (French),too?
Yes, I am./No, I am(I'm)not.
Yes, I am./No, I am(I'm)not.
I'm a(typist).
I'm an(engineer).
What's your /his/her job?
Hairdresser
nurse
Engineer
nationality
Housewife policeman
Job
policewoman
mechanic
postman
16-20
taxi driver keyboard operator
VOCABULARY
Nouns
I'm/He's/She's (very) well
man
hot/tall etc.
Look at that (man).
Expressions
How are you (today) ?
woman
Adjectives
And you?
I'm fine/very well.
Thanks.
Busy
lazy
Nice to see you.
Clean
old
Goodbye.
Dirty
tall
Hot
thin
Numbers
21,22
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Adjectives
Number
Whose(shirt) is this/that?
Whose is this/that(shirt)?
Is this your/his/her(pen)?
It's not my/his/her(pen).
It's(Tim's) /my (father's).
Here you are.
blouse
blue
brother
30
white
father
mother
Adverb
Verb
perhaps
catch.
sister
tie
VOCABULARY
Nouns
What colour is (colour's) ?

It's (green).
Come and see it.
It's the same colour.
Here it is.
My shirt is (shirt's) white.
carpet
case
dog
Adjectives
Verbs
black
orange
come
brown
red
see
green
smart
Adverb
grey
yellow
lovely
hat
upstairs
Numbers
20-101

Are you/your friends (Swedish) ?
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Adjectives
Yes, we/they are.
Customs officer
Danish
No, we/they are not (aren't).
friend
Norwegian
Our/Their (cases) are (brown).
tourist
Are these your ?
passport
Here they are.
PATTERNS AND UCTURAL WORDS
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verb
Numbers
Those women are (very hard-working).

What are their jobs?
They are (keyboard operators).
Who is (this young man)?
office assistant
meet
sales rep
200-1000
employee
girl
Adjective
hard-working
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Adjectives
We're/They're (tired).
children
big
Are you all right?
grandmother
heavy
These (ice creams) are (nice).
grandfather
light
Look! There's a(n)
hands
long
Look at them.
ice cream
open
Who is (tired)?
mum
shut
shops
small
shoes
thirsty
trousers
tired
Adverbs
all right
now
Verb
sit
Expression
What's the matter?

Give me/ him/ her/us /them a(book).
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Adjectives
Which one/book?
Bottle glass
blunt little
This/That one/(book).
Box knife
empty sharp
Not this/that one/(book).
Cup spoon
full
The(red)one/(book).
Fork tin
large
Verb
give
VOCABULARY
Give me/him/her/us/them some (glasses).
Nouns
Which ones/(glasses)?
bed
These/Those ones/(glasses).
chair plate
Not these/those ones/(glasses).
cigarette
radio
The ones/(glasses) on the (shelf).
desk
shelf
dressing table
cupboard
floor
magazine
Number
newspaper
2,000
table
television

VOCABULARY
There is a (bottle) in/on the
Nouns
Adjective
(refrigerator/table).
The (bottle) is (empty).
It is on the left/on the right/
cooker refrigerator
electric
kitchen right
in the middle of
left
Where is ?
middle
room
Numbers
3,000-10,000

There are some (magazines)
VOCABULARY
Nouns
on/in/near
armchair
The (magazines) are
door
Are there any(magazines)
living room
on/in/near ?
picture
There aren't any(magazines)
wall
on/in/near
windows
Where are ?
VOCABULARY
Verbs
Nouns
Put on/Take off your (coat).
air
read
Turn on/Turn off the (light).
clean
sharpen
bedroom
Then(sweep)the(floor).
dust
shut
clothes
What must I do?
empty
sweep
light
She must
make
take(off)
tap
open
turn(on/off)
wardrobe
put(on)
Conjunction
Adjective
then
untidy
VOCABULARY
He/She/It's (running) under
Nouns
across /after
basket
letter
What's he/she/ it doing?
Bone
meal
It's(drinking)its(milk).
cat
milk
(He)isn't(reading).(He's typing a letter).
garden
teeth
Where's he/she/it(sitting)?
Grass
What about (the dog)?
tree
Verbs
climb eat
cook run(after)
do
type
drink
Expression
I beg your pardon?
Numbers
20,000-1,000,000
VOCABULARY
It is a fine day.
Nouns
Verbs
There are some clouds in the sky,
aeroplane dish
cry
but the sun is shining.
Bird
fly
We They are(walking)over
boat
under
bridge
They are jumping off a wall.
Bus
ship
shave
cloud
sky
shine
day
sun
sleep
family
homework
river
wait(for)
go
walk
wash
jump
PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WOROS
VOCABULARY
It is between/beside
Nouns
Verb
(We are) walking along/across
branch(of a tree) photograph
(They are) coming out of
bank(of a river)
street
(They are)going into
building
valley
Here is another (photograph).
hill
village
park
water
swim

What are you going to...?
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
I am going to...
bookcase
listen
favourite
Now I am(making)...
hammer
paint
pink
I am going to paint it(pink).
Adverb
hard
work
This(bookcase)isn't for me.
VOCABULARY
Give/Show/Send (it) to (me).
Nouns
What are you going to do with ?
Verbs
flowers
drop
Don't (put)
vase
send
Put/Turn (it) on.
wife
show
Adjective
careful
Expression
Take/Turn (it) off.

I'm going to put it in front of
There we are.
VOCABULARY
Is there (a tie)in/on ?
Nouns
Expression
Is there(any milk)in/on ?
Bag coffee quarter
It's certainly not.
There's(a tie)/one in/on
bar
half
soap
There's(apiece of cheese)
bread loaf
sugar
in/on
cheese piece tea
There's some(cheese)
chocolate
in/on
tobacco
pound

Can you (=Are you able to)
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Expressions
Yes, I/you etc. can
cupboard
boil
Yes, of course.
No, I /you etc. can't
kettle
find
over there
(He)can't but(he) can
cup
hurry (up)
There it is.
It's behind /in front of
teapot
Here they are.
Are there any(cups)?

Is there any (coffee)?
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Adjective
Can(you type)this for me?
terrible
boss
handwriting
minute
ask
Expressions
lift
(come here) a minute

next door
VOCABULARY
Do you like/want(any coffee/biscuits)?
Nouns
Yes, I do./No, I don't.
apple
I(like)/don't (like) coffee/biscuits.
banana jam
Do you want any/one/(a cup)?
beer
I like but I don't like
biscuit wine
butter
Verbs
honey
orange
like
want
Ordinal Numbers
whisky
lst-12th
egg
VOCABULARY
He/ She likes/doesn't like
Nouns
Expression
I like but (he) doesn't.
beans
meat
To tell you the truth.
Does he/she like
beef
mince
Ordinal Numbers
Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
butcher peas
I don't either.
cabbage peach
13th-24th
chicken pear
grapes
potato
husband
tomato
lamb steak
lettuce
VOCABULARY
Where do you come from?
Nouns
Verbs
I/You etc. come from
U.S.
What's the(climate) like?
Brazil Russia the year
It's often/always/sometimes(hot).
England Spain
It rains/snows sometimes.
France Sweden country
When is/does it(hot/rain)?
Greece
spring
cold
Greece
spring
pleasant
Italy
Norway
months of rain
Adverbs
always
snow
climate
often
sometimes
Adjectives
warm
windly
winter
PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL
VOCABULARY
WORDS
(The weather's often cold)
in the North/South/East/West.
Which season (s) do you like best?
Countries/ Nationalities
Australia(n)
Austria(n)
Nouns
Verbs
Japan(-ese) conversation
Nigeria(n)
east
Canada(-ian) Turkey(-ish) night
Adjectives
interesting
rise
set
China(-ese) Korea(n)
north
Adverbs
Finland(-ish)
south
early
India(n)
subject
late
west
best
mild
wet

PATIERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS
VOCABULARY
They live at
Nouns
Verbs
Adverbs
In the morning/ afternoon/evening
evening housework
arrive
together
at noon/at night(they go)
home lunch
live
usually
to work/ to school/to bed/home.
noon
stay
(She stays)at home.
watch
He (usually) reads
VOCABULARY
Adverb
What's the time?

It is (8.0)o'clock.
tonight
Expressions
at the moment
They usually go to school by car
by car
every day/ in the morning etc.,
on foot
but today/this morning

they are going on foot.
VOCABULARY
Do you/we/they have any ?
Nouns
Yes, I/we/they have.
Chalk
pad
No, I/we/ they do not/ don't have
chang
esize
(I)don't have any but(I)have some
envelope
I only have
glue
Is that all?
ink
writing paper
What else do you want?

VOCABULARY
He feels/ looks(ill).
Nouns
How does he feel/look?
Aspirin
mouth
Does he/she have(a bad cold)?
cold
mumps
Yes, he/she does.
dentist
news
No, he/ she doesn't.
doctor
stomachache
(We)must call(the doctor).
ear ache
telephone
Yes,(we)must.
flu
temperature
No,(we)must not(mustn't).
headache
tongue
Why because.
Measles
toothache
So(continuative).
Medicine
week
Verbs
call
feel
remember
say
Adjectives
bad
ill

Can I (=May I)
VOCABULARY
Nouns
He mustn't yet.
food
How long must he ?
hour
for about two hours each day.
library
Negative questions.
match
So (adverbial).
Noise
Verbs
break
drive
get up
keep
lean
play
remain
talk
Adjectives
Adverbs
another
(so)
better
quickly
each
rich

It's half past/a quarter past/
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Expressions
a quarter to(ten).
baby
enjoy
How old are you?
birtyday
hear
Bye-bye.
I'm24/I'm24yearsold.
calendar
Adjective
Oh, all right
My birthday's on (July18th)/(18thJuly).
dad
Enjoy yourself/ your selves etc.
key
front
year

VOCABULARY
Were you (at the butcher's)?
Nouns
Expressions
Yes, I/he/she was.
baker's
grocer's
Hello
No, I/he/she wasn't.
church
stationer's
last week
Where were you (on Monday)?
The country
weekend
How are you
I was(at church on Sunday/ January 1st).
dairy
the days
all keeping?
It's(five past/ to one).
greengrocer's of the week

Adjectives
absent
lucky
Verb
spend

In 1995 there was
VOCABUL
Nouns
There were
crowd
My wife and I (we)were
finish
Adjectives
exciting
other
Julie and Jack (They)were
people
Yes, we/they were.
race
Verb
No, we/they were not (weren't).
town
stand
Expressions
hundreds of
just behind
on the way home
winner
way
VOCABULARY
Whats (he/she/it)like?
Noun
Adjective
He (telephoned) four times
phone
awful
yesterday/yesterday morning/last night etc.
Verbs
Adverbs
Did you/he/she etc.?
answer
again
Yes, (I) did. No,(I) did not
didnt.
speak
PATTERNSANDSTRUCTURALWORDS
VOCBULARY
Verbs
Adverbs
She went to London and lost
Nouns
bus stop
her way.(I rreg. past).
cut
badly
Did he(understand)?
greet
hurriedly
He did not(understand).
Know
pleasantly
She smiled (pleasantly).
lose
slowly
I went there once, twice, etc.
smile
suddenly
tell
thirstily
understand
warmly
cake
London
phrasebook
pocket
Expression
Can you tell
me the way?
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
the day before yesterday yesterday
today
morning
morning
morning
afternoon
afternoon
afternoon
evening
evening
evening
night
night
tonight

Have you any (shoes)like these?
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
We had some a month ago \ last
month
buy
month \last year etc.
pair
wear
Im afraid that I cant
question
Adjective
expression
in fashion
shop assistant uncomfortable

I want to (see the dentist).
Cant you Wait till ?
VOCABULARY
Noun
Adjective
Expressions
appointment
urgent
a.m.
p.m.
VOCABULARY
What do (we)need?
NOUNS
Verb
(We)need a lot of things.
chemist's newsagent's need
(We)haven't got much/many/
fruit shopping list
a lot of (butter/eggs)at all.
groceries stationery
(She)need't buy any (eggs),
money vegetable
but she must buy some (butter).

I must go to the (grocer's)
to get some (groceries).

(He's) having a bath.
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Have a (cigarette).
bath
(We) can have dinner.
breakfast
(We) had/didn't have (lunch).
dinner
What did you have?
haircut
I'm nearly ready.
holiday
Adverb
Adjectives
nearly
ready
roast
Expressions
lesson
party
restaurant
a good time
tea(meal)
O.K.
VOCABULARY
I've already/just had
Nouns
Adverbs
Verbs
Have you had ?
mess
already
leave
Let's go
suitcase
just
pack
tomorrow
VOCABULARY
Have you just been to the cinema?
Nouns
Adjective
Expressions
I've already seen it.
cinema
beautiful
I have never been there.
city
all the time
Have you ever been there?
film
just like
I've already done so./I did so.
Paris
What's on?
eh? = (isn't it?)

Have you/Has he etc. finished yet?
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Adverb
still
(They're) still working on it.
attendant
bring
(They're) trying to ...
crash
finish
garage
repair
lamp post
try
VOCABULARY
I believe that ...
Noun
May I? (= permission)
penny
Verbs
Expressions
believe
for sale
How long have you (lived) here?
cost
it's worth
I have (lived) here for since
decide
the last word
twenty years 1976.
retire
a long time
How much does it cost?
sell
that's right
then (= in that case)

I/We shall, You/He/She/It/They
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Expressions
will (see him) tomorrow/
neighbour
miss
Give him my
tomorrow morning etc.
person
move
regards.
think
Poor Ian!
Yes, (I) shall. No, (I) shall not (shan't).

Yes, (he) will. No, (he) will not (won't)
When will ... ?
I think that ...
Adjective
poor
Adverb
next
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
SUNDAY
today
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
morning
morning
morning
afternoon
afternoon
afternoon
evening
evening
evening
tonight
night
night
VOCABULAPY
He was there during the war.
Nouns
Verb
He will (fly to New York)
Athens New York pilot return
next month/the month after next etc.
Berlin Rome
Echoed questions: affirmative only.
Bombay Stockholm
R.A.F.
Geneva Sydney
Madrid Tokyo
Moscow

At nineteen minutes past eight
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
eight nineteen.
bar
exact
go back
In (five hours') time
minute
return
miss (a train)
We've got plenty of time.
platform
The clock's ten minutes slow.
station
What's the exact time?
train
We'd better.
VOCABULARY
Is this mine/yours/his/hers?
Nouns
Verbs
Are these ours/yours/theirs?
address belong
Does this belong to me? etc.
handle
Do these belong to you? etc.
label
Who do they/does it belong to?
zip
Adjective
wrong
describe
Expressions
the other day
Hey
VOCABULARY
say/think/ belive/know/
Nouns
Verbs
undrestand/be afraid/be sorry/
back
fall
downstairs
X-ray
help
at once
be sure that
Let (me) help you.
hurt
Try and stand up.
slip
Adverbs
Echoed questions negative.

(He) says/thinks/believes/knows/
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Expressions
Eh ? = What?
hopes/is afraid/is sorry/is sure (he)
association
hope
Question tags negative/affirmative
card
write
He doesn't say very much, does he? etc.
love
Speak up.
member
Scotland
Adverb
the Y.H.A.
soon
Youth Hostel
VOCABULARY
(I) could answer the questions.
Nouns
Adjectives
They were very easy.
examination
cheap
loud
(I) couldn't answer the questions.
(English) paper
clever
low
They were too difficult.
guy
the difficult
soft
The questions were easy enough
rest
easy
sour
for me to answer.
French
The questions were too difficult
Mathematics top
fresh
for me to answer.
Maths.
hard
test
Word
How about you?
expensive stale
stupid
sweet
high
That's why I could/couldn't
Verbs
fail
pass
hate
Averbs
Expressions
enough
Cheer up.
too
Not too bad.

I want/don't want (you) to (come)
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs Adjective
Tell (him) (not) to (come)
dictionary carry
How do you spell ?
mistake
correct
I'm sorry about that.
present
spell
intelligent
Question tags affirmative/negative.
VOCABULARY
Would you like to ?
Nouns
Verbs
Could you (show me) ?
assistant
compare as well
It's (smaller) than
madam
suit
Adverb
It's the (smallest) in/of /

1 have ever seen.

Shall I (make some coffee)?
VOCABULARY
Nouns
I've got very little /a little.
advice
I've got very few/a few.
idea
I've got more/the most/less/
teaspoonful
Verb
smoke
It doesn't matter.
What a pity!
the least/fewer/the fewest.

It is better/the best/worse/
Expressions
Adverb
instead
the worst.
VOCABULARY
It's more/less (expensive).
Nouns
Expressions
It's the most/least (expensive).
deposit
(I) can't afford
It's as (good) as
model
on instalments
It's not as (good) as
instalments price
on instalments
millionaire television.
VOCABULARY
I've got no (cake/biscuits).
Nouns
Verbs
Expressions
I've got none.
conductor
change
small change
Neither (have) I.
passenger
get off
Fares please.
So (have) I.
ten-pound note
Except (us).
square
tramp

Every/No/Any/Some compounds.
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs Adjectives Preposition
There's none left.
glass
Have something to drink.
lemonade joke
They must be somewhere.
invite
asleep
through
impossible
knock quiet
VOCABULARY
When(he was going) into the
Nouns
Verbs
dining room (he dropped)
coin
Just as he was
dining room swallow
While she (was cooking), he
toilet
ring
(was working) in the garden.

We both tried
He had already (swallowed them).
VOCABULARY
After they (had entered) the
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
house, they (went)
parrot
enter
We had had dinner before
story
happen true
they (arrived).
thief
It was (dark) so they (turned on
torch
a torch).
voice
dark
Expressio
What's up?

The man/men/woman/women who(m)/
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
that
counter
forget
the book/books/dog/dogs which/that
customer
recognize
I forgot to
gentleman
serve
he (didn't did) he?
manager
road
VOCABULARY
The man/men/woman/women
Nouns
(standing behind the counter).
beard
grow
(He)is the(man)(I served yesterday).
kitten
guess
That's the man I told you about.
trip
offer
That's the ship I travelled on.
Verbs
travel
during the trip.
VOCABULARY
I have to/Do you have to
Nouns
Verbs
I shall have to/Will you have to
surprise
mean
I had to/Did you have to
taxi
water
Expression
What a nuisance!
I have had to/Have you had to

I don't need to
(I'll have tea) by myself.
Adjective
dry
Adverbs
immediately
alone
VOCABULARY
(He) can't be ill/Danish/a
Nouns Adjective
dentist/forty/reading etc.
actor
(He)must be ill/Danish/a
actress
famous
Expressions
at least
Not that long ago.
*dentist/forty/reading etc.
I think so./I don't think so.
I hope so. /I hope not.

(He)can't have been ill/Danish/
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
a dentist/reading etc.
limit
charge
(He)must have been ill/Danish/
speed
dream
a dentist/reading etc.
sign
overtake
You'd better not
track
stop
Expression
this time
wave

(We)may (go abroad).
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Expressions
(He) may be(reading).
Egypt
look after make up our minds
(He) may have been(reading).
mind
spend
It takes(a long time).
problem worry
spend your holidays
sea
go abroad
by sea/air
in the end

He said (that)...
VOCABULARY
Nouns
He told me (that)...
airport
...he was going to/he felt/
mink
he had finished.
reporter
Adjective
Expression
sensational I wonder why!

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WOROS
VOCABULARY
He said (that)...
Nouns Verb
He told me (that)...
hotel.. introduce future
...he would could
report
Adverb
really
Adjective
Expressions
get married
the latest

If (I win a lot of money, I) shall...
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Verbs
Preposition
If(he wins a lot of money, he)will...
dream
depend(on) round
If(you feel better, you)can...
football
win
pools
seaside

Tell (me) if/why...
VOCABULARY
Nouns
Adjectives Expressions
He wants to know if/why/what/when...
company engineering Speaking.
I don't know what...
help
extra
line
overseas
by the way

It is/They are (opened) regularly.
VOCABULARY
Adjectives
Adverbs
Noun
He is/They are (invited) regularly.
amused
curiously powder compact
It was/They were (opened) this morning.
embarrassed
kindly
He was/They were (invited) this morning.
excited
opposite
funny
regularly
middle-aged
Expression
make up (her face)
ugly
worried
VOCABULARY
It is/They have already been (opened).
Nouns
Verbs
Preposition
He is/They have already been (invited).
beauty spot
place
among
It hasn't/They haven't been (opened) yet.
cigarette end
prosecute
It'll/They'll be (opened) soon.
ground
surround
He hasn't/They haven't been (invited) yet.
litter
Adjectives
It'll/They'll be (invited) soon.
rubbish
tyre
visitor
rusty
woods
sad

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PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

Is this your (handbag)?

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

My coat and my umbrella.

This is (not) my (umbrella).

It is(It's) your (umbrella).

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

She is(She's) French.

It's a(French) car.

How do you do?

His/her name is (name's)...

What make is it?

He's/She's a (French) student.

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

taxi driver keyboard operator

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

I'm/He's/She's (very) well

Nice to see you.

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

What colour is (colour's) ?

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

Yes, we/they are.

No, we/they are not (aren't).

Our/Their (cases) are (brown).

Are these your ?

Here they are.

PATTERNS AND UCTURAL WORDS

Those women are (very hard-working).

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

Are you all right?

These (ice creams) are (nice).

Look! There's a(n)

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

Not this/that one/(book).

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

Give me/him/her/us/them some (glasses).

Not these/those ones/(glasses).

The ones/(glasses) on the (shelf).

There is a (bottle) in/on the

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

The (magazines) are

Are there any(magazines)

There aren't any(magazines)

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

Put on/Take off your (coat).

Turn on/Turn off the (light).

What must I do?

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

He/She/It's (running) under

What's he/she/ it doing?

(He)isn't(reading).(He's typing a letter).

What about (the dog)?

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS

There are some clouds in the sky,

but the sun is shining.

They are jumping off a wall.

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WOROS

(We are) walking along/across

branch(of a tree) photograph

(They are) coming out of

(They are)going into

Here is another (photograph).

PATTERNS AND STRUCTURAL WORDS