Alex Bailey Xilu Wang Section E EE230 EE 230 Final Project Intro For our final lab project,

we were to con truct a circuit t!at w!en a witc! wa i"e a re" #E$ woul" lig!t up, w!en it wa w!en neit!er wa ignal to tran 'it% et to one

et to t!e ot!er i"e a green #E$ woul" lig!t up, an"

electe" t!ey were bot! off% &!e catc! for t!i wa t!at we u e" an infrare"

For our experi'ent we !a" 2 "ifferent part , t!e tran 'itter an" t!e recei(er% &!e tran 'itter we "e igne" !a" 2 "ifferent o cillator t!at output (ery "ifferent fre)uencie % &!e output of t!e e two o cillator wa fe" into a witc! t!at woul" c!oo e w!ic! o cillator to u e,

t!en finally outputting t!e c!o en fre)uency to t!e infrare" #E$%

&!e abo(e picture

!ow our circuit "iagra' % We c!o e to !a(e a fre)uency of *+,- an"

*0+,- being generate" by t!e o cillator % &o create t!e e fre)uencie in our 2 o cillator circuit , we !a" (alue of .2 an" .* a 2%2+/ an" *+/, re pecti(ely% &!i woul" gi(e our o cillator a gain of 2% After t!at we calculate" for *+,- fre)uency, we nee"e" 0 to be *1F an" . to be *20/, an" for *0+,- fre)uency, we nee"e" 0 to be %*1F an" . to be *20/%

3ext wa to "e ign t!e recei(er% We !a" an infrare" recei(er go to an op a'p wit! a fee"bac4 re i tance of *00+/% &!e output of t!e op a'p wa t!en plit into 2, * for re" an" * for green%

&!e ignal woul" pa #E$%

t!roug! a pa

ban" filter, a rectifier, a co'parator, an" t!en output to t!e

&!e 2 picture abo(e !ow t!e tep t!at t!e ignal ta4e to get to t!e #E$ % For our pa

ban"

filter we wante" to gi(e !ig! an" low (alue of 56 207% So for our *+ we u e" (alue of 0* 8 02 8 *1F, .* 8 *33/, .2 8 200/% For our *0+ we u e" (alue of 0* 8 02 8 %*1F, .* 8 *33/,

.2 8 200/%

After t!e filter , we t!en !a" a rectifier an" a co'parator% We u e" t!e rectifier to con(ert t!e A0 ignal co'ing fro' t!e pa ban" filter into a $0 ignal% &!e co'parator were u e" to

tabili-e t!e input o t!e #E$ weren9t con tantly flic4ering% Below are t!e c!e'atic for t!e rectifier an" t!e co'parator%

Testing 1

After assembling all the components as

we wished, we simply turn on the voltage source and take our first test. It was observed that two LEDs were on, and after a few seconds, some plastic burning was smelled. I turned off the voltage source right away.

Troubleshooting 1

Then we started to find out where the problem is.

e checked through the parts, which

are e!actly the same as our circuit diagram. As a result, we concluded that there must be some problem with our design.

hy did it start burning"

e noticed that we had two comparators in order stabili#e the

output, and we don$t have resistors in the comparator to control the input signal, causing the output voltage too high.

Actually, we don$t know what value will be proper for resistors, so we chose a moderate value such as %kohm. &ecause last time the circuit was burned, and we don$t know if all the op'amp work properly, so we replace some of them by model()*.

Testing 2

After putting two resistors into the circuit and replacing the previous op'amps.

e took

our second test. The lights were on in test %, but this test for somehow they +ust did not turn on.

Troubleshooting 2

e thought that polarity of some of our diodes, LEDs or capacitors were wrong, so we spent some in figuring out the right way to put those components. After a while, we finally lights them up.

Testing 3

hen LEDs were on, we had a difficulty controlling the receiver by the transmitter. hen we switch the switch, red LED works, whereas green one does not. It is observed that green LED alway stays on, so we concluded that, if there is not circuit misassembling, it must be the problem of filter designing, of which fre,uency is so wide that covers the fre,uency of green LED.

Troubleshooting 3 e went thought again our design calculation. Theoretically, we think the calculation is right. -aybe in real condition, there is something different from our design, which makes such weird thing happen. .o we used oscilloscope to detect the input signal to see what it was like. /nfortunately, the signal is so weak that we could not detect it.

After struggling to long on finding out we green light always stays on, we finally gave up and demonstrate the circuit to TA. Final demonstration Transmitter0

1eceiver0

Conclusion 2verall it is a fun pro+ect and we finished most of it, although it does not work properly as we e!pected. e learned how to build a transmitter and receiver and had a more

profound understanding of how to use op'amps.