EGG and MGG of each compound 2) Arrange the compounds in decreasing Cl-A-Cl bond angles 3) Are all the molecules polar? Give the list of all the polar compounds from the given 4) Identify the orbitals involved in the bond A-Cl
Answers SCl2
sp3-p
Polar
OCl2 sp3-p
EGG: Tetrahedral MGG: Bent Angle Cl-O-Cl: < 109.5 Polar
Polar
SiCl4 sp3-p
EGG: Tetrahedral MGG: Tetrahedral Angle Cl-Si-Cl: 109.5 Nonpolar
Answers
sp3d2 -p
Answers
2) Arrange the compounds in decreasing Cl-A-Cl bond angles
Cl-Si-Cl > Cl-P-Cl > Cl-S-Cl = Cl-O-Cl SiCl4 > PCl3 > SCl2 = OCl2
Review
1. What are the two types of covalent bonding? 2. Explain how these two types of bond formed. 3. What is the shape of SeF4-molecule? 4. What are the orbital F overlaps involved in the bonding of Se?
Se F
Review
5. How many bonds are present in the molecule _____? 6. What are the orbital overlaps involved in the bonding of _____?
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
MOLECULAR ORBITALS
LECTURE
11
Scope
1. Molecular Orbitals 2. Molecular Orbital Energy Level Diagrams
i. ii. Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
Electron orbitals delocalized over the entire molecule Waves that describe atomic orbitals have both positive and negative amplitudes. As MOs are formed the phases can interact constructively or destructively.
Molecular Orbitals
There are two simple types of molecular orbitals that can be produced by the overlap of atomic orbitals.
1. (sigma) orbitals: head-on overlap of atomic orbitals 2. (pi) orbitals: side-on overlap of atomic orbitals
2py
or
2pz
Molecular Orbitals
How are the orbitals filled with electrons? Order of filling of MOs obeys same rules as for atomic orbitals: Aufbau principle Hunds Rule
*1s
1s
1s
2 H2: 1s
1s
AO of H
MO of H2
AO of H
*2s
2s
2s
MO Diagram of Li2
Li: 1s22s1
2s
*1s
1s AO of Li 1s
1s
MO of Li2
AO of Li
*2s
2s
2s
MO Diagram of Be2
Be: 1s22s2
2s
*1s
1s AO of Be 1s
1s
MO of Be2
AO of Be
* 2 p *2p *2p
MO Diagram of O2
O: 1s22s22p4
2p
2p
2p 2p
O2: 21s *21s 22s *22s 22p 22p 22p *12p *12p
2 p
*2s
2s
AO of O
*1s
2s 1s 1s
2s
MO of O2
AO Of O
1s
* 2 p *2p *2p
MO Diagram of O22p
2p
2p 2p
O2-: 21s *21s 22s *22s 22p 22p 22p *22p *12p
2 p
*2s
2s
AO of O
*1s
2s 1s 1s
2s
MO of O2
1s
AO Of O
* 2 p *2p *2p
MO Diagram of O2+
2p
2p
2p 2p
*2s
2s
AO of O
*1s
2s 1s 1s
2s
MO of O2
1s
AO Of O
O2
*2 p
*2p *2p
O22p
2p
2p 2p
2p
2p 2p
2p
2p
2p
*2s
2s 2s 2s
*2s
2s
2s
AO of O MO of O2 AO Of O
2s
AO of O MO of O2 AO Of O
O2
*2 p
*2p *2p
O2+
2p
2p
2p 2p
2p
2p 2p
2p
2p
2p
*2s
2s 2s 2s
*2s
2s
2s
AO of O MO of O2 AO Of O
2s
AO of O MO of O2 AO Of O
Exercise No.2
* 2 p *2p *2p
2p
2 p 2p 2p
*2s
2s
AO of O
2s
MO of O2
1s
AO Of O
N2-
* 2 p
*2p *2p
O22p
2p
2p
2p
2p 2p
2p
2p 2p
2p
*2s
2s
AO Of N
*2s
2s 2s 2s
2s
MO of N2
2s
AO Of N AO of O MO of O2 AO Of O
The larger the bond order, the more stable the molecule or ion is. The greater the bond order, the shorter the bond length and the greater the bond energy
Magnetic Properties
Diamagnetic
all electrons are paired
Paramagnetic
presence of unpaired electron (s)
Bond Order of H2
*1s
1s 1s
H2: 21s
Bo = (2-0) = 1
Diamagnetic
1s
AO of H
MO of H2
AO of H
*2s
2s
2s
2s
*1s
1s AO of Li 1s
1s
MO of Li2
AO of Li
*2s
2s
2s
2s
*1s
1s AO of Be
Diamagnetic
1s
MO of Be2
AO Of Be
* 2 p *2p *2p
Bond Order of O2
2p
2p
2p 2p
O2: 21s *21s 22s *22s 22p 22p 22p *12p *12p
Bo = (10-6) = 2
2 p
Paramagnetic
*1s
2s 1s 1s
*2s
2s
AO of O
2s
MO of O2
AO Of O
1s
* 2 p *2p *2p
2p
2p 2p
O2-: 21s *21s 22s *22s 22p 22p 22p *22p *12p
Bo = (10-7) = 1.5
2 p
Paramagnetic
*1s
2s 1s 1s
*2s
2s
AO of O
2s
MO of O2
AO Of O
1s
* 2 p *2p *2p
2p
2p 2p
Bo = (10-5) = 2.5
2 p
Paramagnetic
*1s
2s 1s 1s
*2s
2s
AO of O
2s
MO of O2
AO Of O
1s
Bond Length: O2- > O2 > O2+ Bond Energy: O2+ > O2 > O2O2+ > O2 > O2Stability:
* 2 p *2p *2p
2p
2p 2p 2p
Bo = (10-5) = 2.5
Paramagnetic
*1s
2s 1s 1s
*2s
2s
AO Of N
2s
MO of N2
AO Of N
1s
Quiz 12 (13/13)
May 8, 2013
1.Draw the MO diagram of F2 3 pts 2.Write the molecular orbital notation (electron configuration) of F2-, F2 and F2+. 6 pts 3.Calculate the bond order of each species. 3 pts 4. Which is the most stable compound? 1 pt