Why Use a LAN?

Information sharing
Having users access the same files, exchange information via email, or use Internet Ex: single purchase order database accessed by all users on the LAN Results in improved decision making

Resource sharing
Having hardware devices shared by all users Printers, Internet connections Having software packages shared by all users on a LAN Results in reduced cost

LAN Types Dedicated server network

A server (computer) permanently assigned a specific task Most popular network type 90% of all LANs

Peer-to-peer network
No dedicated servers used All computers act as both clients and servers Cheaper than dedicated, but less capability

Dedicated Server Networks

Requires one or more dedicated computers (servers) Permanently assigned a specific task (Web server, email server, file server or print server) Enable users to share files, printers, etc., May form a server farm (many servers part of a network) Runs a server network operating system (NOS) Windows NT, Windows Server, LINUX Also requires a special communication software to enable communications with client computers
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Types of Dedicated Servers

Common Types:
Web servers, e-mail servers, database servers

Others
File servers Allows many users to share the same files on a common disk drive Typically with restricted access Print servers Handle print requests Could be a separate computer Remote Access Servers Enable users to dial in the LAN by phone (via modems)

Components of a Local Area Network

SWITCH L2

Local Area Network (LAN) in a large building

Wired LANs
Project 802 by IEEE: standards to enable communication among equipments: Its a way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of major LAN protocols. IEEE subdivided data link layer: Logical Link Control (LLC), Media Access Control (MAC).
MAC defines specific access method for each LAN: - CSMA/CD for Ethernet LAN, - Token passing for token ring, -

- LLC provides one single data link control protocol for all IEEE LANs. - MAC provides different protocols for different LANs.

Wired LANs: Ethernet

Ethernet is the most widely used local area network protocol

Ethernet LAN is defined by IEEE 802.3 standard, it uses 1-persistent CSMA/CD as the access method. The MAC sublayer is responsible for the operation of the CSMA/CD.

Wired LANs: Standard Ethernet

Standard Ethernet 802.3 frame format

Each station has a unique 48-bit address imprinted on its Network Interface Card (NIC). Example of an address in hexadecimal notation:

Frame length: The minimum frame length is 64 bytes; the maximum is 1518 bytes.
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Wired LANs: Standard Ethernet

Categories of Standard Ethernet

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Wired LANs: Standard Ethernet

10Base5 implementation

10Base2 implementation

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Wired LANs: Standard Ethernet

10Base-T implementation

10 Base T switch

10Base-F implementation

10 Base F switch

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Wired LANs: Standard Ethernet

Summary of Standard Ethernet implementations

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Wired LANs: Ethernet evolution

Sharing bandwidth.

Bridged Ethernet

Collision domains in an unbridged network and a bridged network.

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Wired LANs: Ethernet evolution

Switched Ethernet

Full-duplex switched Ethernet

CSMA/CD ?
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Wired LANs: Fast Ethernet

Fast Ethernet 802.3u Upgrade the data rate to 100 Mbps. Star topology only. Compatible with standard Ethernet. Keep: - the same frame format, - the same minimum and maximum frame length. Autonegotiation.

Fast Ethernet implementations

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Wired LANs: Fast Ethernet

Summary of Fast Ethernet implementations

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Wired LANs: Gigabit ETHERNET

Gigabit Ethernet 802.3z Upgrade the data rate to 1 Gbps. Star topology only. Compatible with standard and fast Ethernet. Keep: - the same frame format, - the same minimum and maximum frame length. Autonegotiation.

Gigabit Ethernet implementations

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Wired LANs: Gigabit ETHERNET

Summary of Gigabit Ethernet implementations

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Wired LANs: Ten-Gigabit ETHERNET

Ten- Gigabit Ethernet 802.3ae Upgrade the data rate to 10 Gbps. Star topology only. Compatible with standard, fast, and Gigabit Ethernet. Keep: - the same frame format, - the same minimum and maximum frame length.

Summary of Ten-Gigabit Ethernet implementations

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