ME 203 Thermodynamics-1 Homework 1

Problems
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Due Date: 14.11.2013

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Warm air is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly oriented horizontally as shown in figure. The air cools slowly from an initial volume of 0.0032 m3 to a final volume of 0.0017 m3. During the process, the spring exerts a force that varies linearly from an initial value of 900 N to a final value of zero. The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, and the area of the piston face is 0.018 m2. Friction between the piston and the cylinder wall can be neglected. For the air in the piston-cylinder assembly, determine the initial and final pressures, each in kPa and atm.* Felix Baumgartner, a 43 year old skydiver and stunt performer, jumped from 39045 m to break highest manned balloon flight and fastest speed of free fall on October 14, 2012. He started his fall from 2nd layer of atmosphere,stratosphere and reached a maximum speed of 325.8 m/s at 49 seconds and maintained this speed for 11 seconds. Afterwards, the daredevil possibly entered troposphere, first layer of atmosphere and started to decelerate but continued his free fall for another 3 minutes and 19 seconds. a) Consider Felix as a closed system and show him explicitly on a figure.How long would it take to reach the same maximum speed if we ignored the effect of air resistance (i.e.there were no heat loss to the surrounding due to friction)? What would be the amount of free fall when he just reached maximum speed and at the end of first minute? (Assumption: gravitial accelaration is constant and 9.81m/s) b) What was the heat loss though due to viscous dissipation(friction) during acceleration period if accelaration of Felix is assumed as constant? What was the amount of free fall when he just reached maximum speed and at the end of first minute? What is the heat loss during acceleration period and steady speed period? (Assumption: The mass of Felix is 85 kg, acceleration of Felix is linear and there is no work on boundaries.) c) (optional) Find more detailed data about the jump and perform same analysis to get more accurate results of heat loss and free fall distance. Oxygen (O2) gas within piston cylinder assembly undergoes an expansion from a volume V1=0.012 m3 to a volume V2=0.034m3 . The polytropic relation between pressure and volume is p=AV-1 + B where A=0.05 bar and B=3.1 bar. For O2, determine initial and final pressures and net work.* Figure below shows a gas contained in a vertical pistoncylinder assembly. A vertical shaft whose cross-sectional area is 0.8 cm2 is attached to the top of the piston. The total mass of the piston and shaft is 30 kg. While the gas is slowly heated, the internal energy of the gas increases by 0.15 kJ, the potential energy of the pistonshaft combination increases by 0.25 kJ, and a force of 1334 N is exerted on the shaft as shown in the figure. The piston and cylinder are poor conductors, and friction between them is negligible. The local atmospheric pressure is 1 bar and g=9.81 m/s2. Show system boundaries and determine, (a) the work done by the shaft-piston combination, (b) the work done by system in displacing the atmosphere, and (c) the heat transfer to the gas, all in kJ.*

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*Adapted fron Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran and Shapiro.