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Green Gas Limited is a joint venture company of GAIL and Indian Oil Corporation Limited under the directive of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas to implement the CNG and City Gas Distribution Project in Lucknow, Western UP and Uttaranchal. The company has been incorporated on October 07, 2005 and the total project cost for an implementation plan of 9 years has been estimated at Rs. 304.01 crores of which substantial completion with over 83% capital expenditure is envisaged by March 2010. This comprises Rs. 131.87 crores for Agra and 172.13 crores for the city of Lucknow.

Natural Gas Marketing Network:

RAJASTHAN

JLP L HVJ, DVPL

PATA

LAKWA

VIJAIPUR TRIPUR A

GANDHARVAGHODIA

USAR

VSP L

KG BASIN NATURAL GAS PIPELINE LPG PIPELINE LPG PLANT PETROCHEM PLANT

CAUVERY BASIN

GAS PIPELINES 5,340 KMS 123 MMSCMD 11 STATES

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About Natural Gas:

COMPOSITION METHANE-85% (>75%), ETHANE-7%, PROPANE-2%, CO2-5%, OTHERS-1% 0.65 (AROUND) 8500 KCAL/ STD. CUBIC METER

SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALORIFIC VALUE

Natural Gas is TODAYs FUEL FOR CLEANER TOMORROW:

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Natural Gas is a fuel, gaseous in nature, unlike LPG. Natural Gas is predominantly methane and contains other combustible gases like ethane, butane etc. in very small quantities. Methane - CH4 Not less than 75% Ethane - C2H6 Propane - C3H8 Natural Gas is not toxic like H2S, Ammonia etc. Natural Gas is not-corrosive like acid gases. Natural Gas will not contaminate ground water. Simplest carbon structure complete, clean burning fuel. Least possible particulate emission. Replacing conventional fuel by gas will significantly reduce the pollution.

City Gas Distribution (Domestic Customers):

In modern gas distribution system, a steel supply mains system provides transmission pressure gas to the distribution network Major industrial customers are supplied directly from the steel system, but the high pressure

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(above l9bar) makes it an unsafe pressure for direct reticulation to domestic consumers. The transmission pressure of gas supply is reduced to 19 bar distribution pressure in facilities called City Gate Stations where the supply pressure is up to 40 bar, and District Regulator Stations/Field Regulators where the supply pressure is up to 19 bar Distribution pressure is recommended to he 4 has Due to dynamic laying conditions Polyethylene (PE) material over steel that PB is used as the principal distribution network. Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE) is recommended due to its longevity and flexibility to standardize the distribution system as much as possible. To connect customers, services are required which are installed by fusing a tapping saddle to the top of the main for supply of gas to consumers premises. At the end of each service, a metal riser is installed upon which an isolation valve, regulator and meters are connected. The domestic consumer is provided gas at a pressure of 21 mbar ( this pressure is almost atmospheric and shall not cause any accident during normal operation). For commercial consumers the pressure will vary from 100 mbar to 2.0 bar according to the consumption and pressure requirement to the consumer.

The most exciting characteristics of Natural Gas:

PNG has several advantages over other fuels. It is a pollution free fuel with uninterrupted supply, is convenient to use, has no storage hassles and is available at very competitive rates. Compared to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Natural Gas is supplied to the user through pipeline thereby ensuring continuous and adequate supply at all times without any storage problems of gas in cylinders.

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The Natural Gas for the use of domestic purposes also gives the user cost benefit of 10% (vis-a-vis LPG). Further, the billing system is augmented as the user pays the gas consumption charges once every two months based on the exact consumption reading provided by the meter installed at the users premises. The use of Natural Gas enables the user to derive the desired amount of heat instantly, use it for multiple purposes i.e: Space Heating, Water Heating, etc, use it to run various appliances like A/C, Geyser and Lanterns etc. The system design is tamper proof thus ensures total safety and is case of my tampering the system automatically shuts down thereby bringing down chances of any accident to nil. The combustible mixture of Natural Gas and air does not ignite if the mixture is leaner than 5% and richer than 15% of the air fuel ratio requited for ignition. This narrow inflammability range makes NG one of the safest fuels. For example if a consumer is using LPG connection, the consumer has to take upon himself the tiring task of booking an LPG cylinder refill. And then begins the wait for the delivery of the cylinder. In case of Piped NG this exercise is not required. PNG also eliminates the tedious routine of checking LPG refill cylinder for any suspected leakage, or it being underweight, at the time of delivery. Moreover, the user is spared the inconvenience of connecting and disconnecting the LPG cylinder when out of gas. Precious space, occupied by LPG cylinders is also saved. In case of fire the supply in PNG cab be cut off through valves provided in the pipelines (inside and outside the kitchen). Natural Gas is the most environment friendly and clean fuel in the sense that the amount of pollutants emitted is the least. Since Natural Gas is odourless, ethyl mercaptan (a chemical that has a sulphur like odour) is added before distribution, to give it a distinct odour. This is similar to the odour of LPG a serves as a safety device by allowing it to be detected in the atmosphere, in cases of leak. The system design is tamper proof, thus, ensuring total safety: and in case of any tampering or in an emergency, the system automatically shuts down, thereby avoiding any accident.

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Precautions For Piped Natural Gas Users

In case of any leakage in the system do not light match sticks. Open all windows and doors and contact our control room at the address given on the back cover of the booklet Do not tamper with the mechanism installed for any purpose In case any changes are desired by you please make sure to call upon the concerned persons from our control room Always switch off the appliance when not in use (at night or while the appliance is not is use)

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Do not use your appliance on LPG after converting to Natural Gas. Make sure that only authorized persons from GAIL attend your queries and Natural Gas connection problems

In case of smell:
Turn off the Appliance Valve Extinguish all naked names-No Smoking Open all Doors and Windows Although not necessary it is best to have some ventilation always in the kitchen.

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Salient Features Of Natural Gas Commercial And Industrial Customers: Natural Gas as Compared with Oil fuel:
Cleaner burning and soot-free. Increased life of burners and hence low maintenance. Instantly controllable flame temperature. Lower corrosion related effects. Produces a controllable atmosphere. Easy to avoid scaling and de-carburising of parts. Installation requirements reduce danger of spillage. Vapourises at atmospheric temperature and pressure. Negligible sulphur content. Sulphur-free emissions more environmentally desirable. Very high efficiency with direct firing system.

Natural Gas as Compared with Solid fuel:

Heat instantly available: shorter warm up and cool-down period. Heat and flame instantly responsive. Cleaner and more convenient to deliver, store and use. More versatile in usage. More convenient and reliable for non-stop use. Lower maintenance costs, no extra labour required. Ash-free & soot-free combustion, environmentally cleaner.

Natural Gas as Compared with Electricity:

One price round the clock. Gas supply not prone to interruption due to power cuts. Equally as versatile from portable lighting to transportation. Instant response to heating and accuracy of heating.

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Environmentally cleaner to produce the same amount of energy. More economical = enhances productivity. Natural Gas as Compared with LPG: Characteristics Composition LPG A Mixture of Propane and Butane Relative density Between 1.4 to 2.1 Auto Ignition Between 410 4700C Temperature Calorific Value 10,900 Kcal/kg Physical Property Liquefied at high pressure to store a high volume of gas in a cylinders Transportation through LPG cylinders Natural Gas Mainly Methane 0.6, hence lighter than air. 5400C 13,570 Kcal/kg.

Remains in gaseous from under normal temperature and pressure. Transportation Transportation through pipeline i.e. permanent online connection. Source of Supply Refineries of respective Through underground pipelines oil companies from gas sources. fractionizing plants Safety When liquid LPG gets In the eventuality of any converted to a gaseous leakage. Natural Gas being state, it expands by about lighter than air will disperse 250 times. The leakage in faster than LPG, hence the liquid form is therefore chances of accident due to very dangerous. accumulation of gas in pits is In gaseous state it is twice totally ruled out. as heavy as air, hence PNG connection has in built remains trapped at the safety system that ensures ground levels. Leakage of tripping of regulator, In case of any kind can be leakage occurs more than the disastrous. specified range already set. Savings No additional savings, 10% cheaper than LPG. Apart under weight cylinders, from the above, no wastage, fully consumed cylinders. full consumption, no

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Convenience

underweight cylinders, no leakage. No convenience, the Round the clock supply reason as mentioned No need to replace the cylinder below : Booking for a cylinder Changing the cylinder

Relative heat transfer efficiency of Various fuels:

Fuel Unit Cal. Value in k. cal / kg Heat transfer efficiency in % 7225 Net cal. Value in K. acal/kg Natural Gas 1 Nm3 8500 LPG 1 kg. 11750 HSD 1 kg. 10500 LDO 1 kg. 10050 FO 1 kg. Kerosene 1 kg. 10420 Coal 1 kg. Wood 1 kg. Coke 1 kg. Charcoal 1 kg.

9670

5550

4440

85%

80%

55%

45%

40%

40%

25%

15%

15%

9400

5775

4523

3868

4168

1388

1 SCM of Natural Gas is equivalent to

Wood 5 to 7 kg. Coal 3 to 4 kg. Furnace oil 2 kg LPG 0.90 kg. Electricity 11.4 kwh

Clean Burning Green Gas being a gaseous fuel is cleaner as compared to liquid and solid fuels and gives clean blue flame. The cleanliness of Green Gas gives advantage of minimum maintenance of burner as compared to burners of other fuels.

1356

666

999

20%

6780

666

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Convenient Being highly inflammable, It is convenient to use in the Industries and its storage is also convenient. Pilferage is not feasible in case of Green Gas and the spillage is totally eliminated. Trouble free Easy to ignite, uniform temperature and required temperature achieved in less time as compared to other fuels. Controls Flow & temperature controls in case of Green Gas are more realistic and convenient. Eco friendly There is no soot formation while burning of Green Gas and hence big chimneys are avoided wit the use of Green Gas.

About CNG
Natural gas is received from HBJ network at a pressure of 20-25 Kg/cmg and is compressed to 250 Kg/cmg with the help of reciprocating compressors installed at Mother and On Line CNG Stations. CNG is dispensed to vehicles at maximum 200 Kg/cmg pressure. Lucknow has a mix of Mother, Daughter Booster (in future Daughter booster stations will be converted to online station and Daughter Stations to ensure spread of CNG Stations across the city.

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Mother Station

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Daughter Station

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ECONOMICS OF CNG USAGE (Cost in Rs /Km)

Fuel Petrol Diesel CNG

Car 3.07 2.20 1.33

Bus 9.43 8.75

Auto 1.84 1.32 0.70

Payback Period

Vehicle

Installation

Running /

Payback in

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Cost (Rs) Car Auto Bus 35000 20000 400000

Day (Km) 100 100 200

Months 6-7 6-7 47

Fuel Characteristics:

CNG
Toxic to skin Toxic to lungs Specific Gravity lighter or heavier than air (air=1.00) Source/feedstock No No 0.55 (lighter) CNG

Petrol
Moderate Moderate 3.4 Petroleum

Diesel
Moderate Moderate 4.0 Petroleum

Low operational cost:

The operational cost of vehicles running on CNG, as compared to those running on other fuels, is significantly low. At the prevailing price of fuel in Lucknow, operational cost of CNG vehicles is 68% lower than petrol and 36% lower than diesel.

Commonly Green fuel:

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Referred to as the green fuel because of its lead and sulphur free character, CNG reduces harmful emissions. Being non-corrosive, it enhances the longevity of spark plugs. Due to the absence of any Lead or Benzene content in CNG, the lead fouling of spark plugs, and Lead or Benzene pollution are eliminated.

Increased life of oils:

Another practical advantage observed is the increased life of lubricating oils, as CNG does not contaminate and dilute the crankcase oil.

Mixes evenly in air:

Being a gaseous fuel CNG mixes in the air easily and evenly.

Safety:
CNG is less likely to auto-ignite on hot surfaces, since it has a high autoignition temperature (540 degrees centigrade) and a narrow range (5%-15%) of inflammability. It means that if CNG concentration in the air is below 5% or above 15%, it will not burn. This high ignition temperature and limited flammability range makes accidental ignition or combustion very unlikely.

Infosys Solutions Properties Relative density Relative density Auto Ignition Temp. Flammability Range Flame Temp. Octane Number

Unit Water = 1 Air = 1 Degree C % in Air Degree C --

Petrol 0.74 -360 18 2,030 87

Diesel 0.84 -280 0.6-5.5 1,780 --

LPG 0.55 1.285 374 2.2-9.0 1,983 93

Maintenance - CNG Vehicles

After conversion, the vehicle should be tuned on gas at workshop after 1000 km to 1500km. During normal servicing, nothing is required special for CNG kit except periodical cleaning of air filter.

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However in case of major maintenance/trouble shooting on CNG kit, it is advisable to get it serviced at CNG workshop. Annually the vehicle should be sent to workshop for annual inspection and a certificate may be obtained. After 5 years, CNG cylinder should be hydro- tested at an authorized testing shop.

Following precautions are to be followed during servicing and repairing of CNG vehicles:
In case of leakage in fuel system, vehicles shall not be parked within 6 m of any source of ignition or fire. In case of vehicles undergoing repairs involving welding, or heat application to any part (within 1.5 m) of the cylinder, the cylinder should be emptied first.

Do's and Donts!

Always refer to the suppliers kit manual for the trouble-shooting guide and do not do it yourself. In case of vehicles undergoing repairs involving welding, or heat application to any part (within 1.5 m) of the cylinder, the cylinder should be emptied first. Do not install a LPG, Propane or any other cylinder in place of a CNG cylinder. It is illegal and unsafe.

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For emergency handling of any CNG leak, users must be aware of the location and operation of cylinder valve, master shut-off valve and burst disc in the CNG system. Study the system and ask your mechanic to identify these parts for you. Workshop doing the kit fitment should be able to demonstrate these operations to your satisfaction. It is advisable to operate the vehicle occasionally on petrol to ensure that the petrol system remains in good working conditions. The CNG kit installed in the vehicle should be insured along with vehicle accessories. The motorist should notify the insurance company to provide insurance on the CNG system, for which additional premium may be charged by the insurance company. Motorists should take the insurance cover for the additional CNG kit system. As per present government regulation the pollution check and a pollution certificate is mandatory even after converting the vehicle on CNG. A pressurized gas cylinder is probably the strongest component on the vehicle. Vehicles that were totally destroyed in collisions show the only discernible component being the intact gas cylinder. It is unlikely that cylinders will rupture due to collision impact. Regarding the danger of fire from leaking cylinders, all we have is the experience to date that indicates that such an event is unlikely to occur. The risk of fire from leaking cylinders must be low since there are well over 03 million CNG vehicle installations worldwide that have not experienced such problems. As we know all types of vehicles can run on CNG by installing CNG kit. Kit is assembly of many components required to run existing vehicle on CNG. There are few basic components which are common in all type of kits, irrespective of the vehicles such as CNG storage cylinder, high pressure tube, pressure regulator, pressure gauge, change over switch, high pressure tube fittings, refueling receptacle and air fuel mixer.

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It is worth pointing out that natural gas is lighter than air and in the unlikely event of a leak from piping or container the gas will dissipate upwards quite quickly. In the case of petrol and LPG the vapor given off is heavier than air and will tend to pool near the ground.

Safe CNG
CNG kits have excellent safety record due to the structural integrity of CNG kit. The fuel storage cylinders used in CNG kit are much stronger than petrol/diesel fuel tanks. The design of cylinders approved by the Chief Controller of Explosives and they are subjected to a number of mandatory server abuse test such as heat & pressure extremes, gunfire and fires during the manufacturing and testing. All the components are duly tested and certified for high-pressure application and the material of components is suitable for the natural Gas application.

Safety precaution for CNG vehicles

CNG vehicles may be serviced and repaired inside garages and parked provided the following conditions are observed: In case of leakage in fuel system vehicles shall not be parked within 6m of any source of ignition or fire. In case of vehicles undergoing repairs involving welding or heat application to any part (within 1.5 m) of the cylinder. The cylinder should be emptied first.

Safety issues with gaseous fuels

First of all the safety regulations for all fuels-whether liquid or gaseous will generally ensure that the risk of a fire under normal operating conditions is very small. So it is generally in the event of a crash or equipment failure that a hazard will occur. As with most fuels the main fire hazard comes from leakage - either during refueling operations or during operation of the equipment, a vehicle crash etc. In any of these situations there needs to be all of three

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requirements before there is the potential for a fire or an explosion. First the leakage of the fuel. Second a situation where a mixing of the fuel with air gives a mixture in the flammable range and third a source of ignition. Once a leakage occurs and a source of ignition is present -say a spark or a naked flame of sufficient energy -there must still be a mixture of the gas in the flammable range. The likelihood of this flammable mixture occurring is less for natural gas (NG) than for LPG since the NG is lighter than air and tends to float away. LPG vapour is heavier than air and tends to form pools near the ground. It is generally accepted that the various automotive fuels range in safety from diesel (safest) to LPG as the most hazardous, with alcohol fuels, methane and petrol lying in the middle of the range. But in all cases it needs an equipment failure or an accident to set up the conditions for a fire. The safety measures include a strict adherence to the regulations for installation and operation of the equipment and the use of care and common sense.