INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS PERLIS JALAN BEHOR PULAI 01000 KANGAR PERLIS

KURSUS PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PERGURUAN DENGAN KEPUJIAN (TESL) PENDIDIKAN RENDAH

TSL 3119 MANAGING THE PRIMARY ESL CLASSROOM

COURSEWORK (TASK 2 & TASK 3)
NAMES TENGKU ALIF MUKHIS BIN TENGKU EZANI

IC NUMBER INDEX NUMBER CLASS / GROUP LECTURERS NAME SUBMISSION DATE

920921-03-5665

0610/1997 PISMP TESL C (SEMESTER 5)

MADAM NOR AZURAWATI BINTI AHMAD ZUHDI 18TH APRIL 2014

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665

DECLARATION OF INTEGRITY I hereby declare that my assignment is an original piece of work prepared by ourselves in my own words and I did not copy or plagiarism any part of the paper that we have submitted.

I hereby acknowledge, that I

i. have acknowledged all work and ideas in our research paper was taken from Printed and electronically published resources; ii. Did not copy from any other resources or another student; iii. Did not allow another student to copy our assignment; and iv. Have faithfully represented the views of authors cited in my paper.

Therefore, I understand that if any of the above is found to be untrue, IPGM Kampus Perlis has the full right to take any disciplinary action that the institute deems fit as denoted under the latest Student Handbook or 'Buku Panduan Pelajar terkini'.

.. Name : TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI I/C No. : 920921-03-5665

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A very big thanked to god as I managed to finish this assignment at last. With all my effort and cooperation from my classmates, I managed to finish this up by time given. I had given our best and all out in doing the very best we can. First and foremost, I would like to thank our TSL 3109 lecturer that is Pn. Nor Azurawati Binti Ahmad Zuhdi. She did indeed giving me the crystal-clear guidelines in order to make sure that I got the actual glimpse of the task given. Moreover, truth be told, she never failed to make sure that I done the task correctly and following what the question was asking. A mount of thanks I would give to my classmate, who keeps sharing with me the latest information and sources. And definitely very special thanks to those are involved in the making of this assignment.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

CONTENT FEEDBACK FORM TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION OF INTEGRITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT QUESTION PAPER TASK 2 - CLASSROOM OBSERVATION TASK 3 - REFLECTION REFERENCES

PAGE NO 1 2 3 4 5-7 8 - 13 14 - 15 16

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 TASK 2 : CLASSROOM OBSERVATION 1.0 Introduction Effective classroom management will help achieve the goals in learning such as encourage appropriate student behaviour and get pupils learn to control and manage themselves. However, an orderly classroom depends on the teacher skills to prevent problems from occurring rather than solve the problems that have occurred. That is why it is important that teacher make careful planning and always reflect the strength and weaknesses of a lesson. During the practicum session, I had carried out an observation to see how an English teacher teach and manage his classroom. The school that I got for my practicum is at rural areas and the level of the English at that school is average. I decided to observe a Year 5 classroom because it is the class that I was going to teach during my practicum. According to the teacher, the classroom consists of pupils with mixed ability. The difference between the three year 5 classes is that the ability of the pupils to read. I get the opportunity to teach the second class for my practicum. So, I realized that I need to observe the how the teacher teaches first before I continued his lesson. 2.0 Theories Over past few decades, many behavioural psychologists, educators and practitioners have introduced various theories pertaining classroom management. Among the theories are theries of Democratic Teaching by Rudolf Dreikurs, Jacob Kounins Theories of Instructional Management, Theories of Assertive Tactics by Lee and Marlene Canter and so on. (Khine & Lourdusamy, 2005). Based on the observation that I had made, I found out that the teacher applied some of the classroom management theories in the classroom. The application of the classroom management theories is very beneficial to the teacher and pupils. As for the teacher, he or she will be motivated to teach the pupils because they have some strategies and technique in their mind. An effective teacher is a teacher who demonstrate care attitude to their pupils and strive to be a better teacher. In the Year 5 Kamil class, the teacher chose Lees and Marlene Canters theories that suggested that teacher and pupils should have their own right to be comfortable in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. From what I can see, before the teacher starts the learning, he told the pupils about what he wants pupils to do while he is teaching. He clearly states the do and dont in the classroom. For example, on that day he asked

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 pupils to keep quiet and not moving around the class. In my opinion, I think that the teacher want to make sure that the pupils will behave in the classroom. I assume that every time he entered the class, he will state what he wants. This is very effective because young learners need to be reminded all the times because they might forget it by the end of the lesson. By telling to the pupils what he wants, I think pupils will behave nicely in the classroom. In addition, the teacher also provides some rules to the pupils and there are consequences that pupils might face if they misbehave in the classroom. On that observation day, there is one boy who is not paying attention to teacher. He was drawing something in his book before the teacher caught him. As a result, the teacher confiscates the book and told him that he will returned the book back if the pupil behave in the classroom. The teacher also provided positive consequences to the pupils when they behave while the teacher is teaching. For instance, he returned the book back to the pupil who was not paying attention because after he was caught, he pay attention to the teacher and complete the task given by teacher. I agree with his action because teacher should not punish the pupils all the time. By introducing positive and negative consequences in the classroom, pupils will be able to get to know how they should behave in the classroom. By the end of his lesson, I can see that the teacher is an assertive teacher based on how he manage and control his classroom. During the teaching and learning process, teachers build positive, trusting relationships with his pupils and teach appropriate classroom behaviour to them. Moreover, he listens carefully to what his pupils want to say, speak politely to them, and treat everyone fairly. According to Haliza and Samuel (2009), assertive teacher help the pupils to understand the form of behaviour that can lead them to the success and behaviour that can trouble them. Therefore, pupils are responsible to choose their behaviour and teacher will be the one to guide them. In my opinion, Canter Assertive Tactics is a systematic theory that can be used in the ESL classroom to deal with pupils misbehaviour in the classroom such as disruption, not paying attention and so on. In summary, this theory is based on reinforcement towards desirable behaviours and pupils acceptance toward the consequences of their behaviour. (Haliza & Samuel, 2009). he effectiveness of this model is proven whereby it can promote conducive learning behaviour and build positive relationship between teacher and pupils. Therefore, to ensure that this model can be applied in the classroom, teacher must clearly understand and practice the theory effectively.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 3.0. Classroom Management According to Evertson and Weinsten (2006), effective classroom management can maximize the chances of learning. The pupils also must be given opportunity to get fun and meaningful learning. During the observation, I was able to look at how the teachers classroom management in the mixed ability classroom. There are many types of activities that can teacher plan for the activity inside the classroom such as role play, storytelling, discussion, pair activity and so on. A teacher needs to develop the learning activities so that it will be realistic and authentic to pupils. However, before designing and planning the activity, teacher needs to take few aspects as consideration first. For example, teacher needs to plan an activity that is suit to the pupils level and age. Moreover, the activity should be able to make the pupils anticipate for the learning. On the observation day, the teacher focused on the listening and speaking skills. For set induction, the teacher asked few pupils about pets that they kept at their house and asked them to make the sound of the pets. Some of pupils were very excited to tell about the pets that they have. Even though they were not able to speak in English, but they can say the name of the animal in English. I think the activity is quite good but the teacher can make it more interesting by bringing a model of some pets and put it in a mystery box. Then teacher could get the pupils to touch the model and guess what it is. This will not only make them feel curious but also can attract their attention to the learning. Based on what I saw, pupils who do not have pets were passive and did not participate when the teacher asked about pets that anybody have. That is why teacher need to come with an activity that could get every pupils to participate. Next stage, the teacher recited a chant to the pupils about the pets animal. Before he asked the pupils to recite the chant, he demonstrated it first to the pupils. It is a good way to get the pupils familiar with the pronunciation of some words that they have never come about. The teacher also repeated the chant several times to get the pupils more familiar with it. In addition, teacher also helped the pupils with meaning of some vocabulary that was new for the pupils. He explained the meaning of the words in English and he also translated it in Malay as some of the pupils could not understand it. In my opinion, during this activity teacher can make use of dictionary to teach them dictionary skills. It will not only teach them on how to use dictionary but also can promotes independent learning to the pupils.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 After that, the teacher gets the pupils into few groups and asked them to recite the chant it in their respective group. The teacher also asked the pupils to discuss the gesture and action that they can use when they recited the chant. Before that, the teacher also helped the pupils by showing them example. The guidance that the teacher gave to the pupils had helped them a lot to come with a correct gesture and action. The next step was when the teacher distributed worksheets to each pupil. The teacher also gave me the worksheets and I found out that he prepared two types of worksheets to the pupils. He prepared the worksheet based on the level of the pupils in the classroom. In the classroom, there were pupils with average and low proficiency level in English. By preparing two types of worksheets, each pupil will be able to complete the task given by the teacher. During the closure, teacher inculcated some moral values to the pupils. On that day the teacher told them the benefit of having pets at home. Teacher also recounted the lesson to make sure that pupils can remember what they have learnt on that particular day. I think it was good as pupils can reflect back what they have achieved and learnt.

4.0 Communication Skills Communication skills is another aspect that teacher need to focus on more and more. Khine & Lourdusamy, (2005) stated that from the moment of the teacher entered the classroom, he need to make sure that the language that he is going to use during the teaching and learning process can be understand by the pupils. This is important because if the teacher failed to understand what the teacher deliver, they will not be able to respond to teacher and they will become very passive during the teaching and learning process. An effective communication is the key to maintaining good relationship between teacher and pupils. From my observation, I think the language that the teacher used in the class is appropriate and suitable for a Year 5 classroom with an average English level proficiency. Most of the instruction that the teacher gave is simple and brief. The teacher also gave easy example to pupils which had helped them a lot in understanding what the teacher said. The teacher also speaks clearly while giving instruction to the pupils. He spoke not too fast and this made the pupils to be able to grasp whatever the teacher said. As we all know, eye contact is one of important aspect in communication skill. A communication will be more effective when the presenter is able to have an eye contact with all his audience. In the classroom, the teacher also had a good eye contact with almost all

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 pupils in the class. However, there were also pupils who tried to avoid eye contact with the teacher. This is probably because they were afraid that teacher will ask question to them. One of the pupils was caught doing other things while the teacher is teaching. This shows that teacher realize that the pupils was doing other work based on his eye contact with the pupils. In addition, teacher also used body language and gesture in getting the pupils to understand whatever he said. For example, pupils could not understand when the teacher asked the pupils to paste the worksheet in the exercise book. Then the pupils understood when the teacher demonstrated a gesture of pasting the worksheet in the book. Moreover, I think the teachers facial expression during the teaching and learning was very good. Pupils were able to understand the teachers mood through his facial expression.

5.0. Resources

Another aspect that I watched during the observation was the resources in the classroom. For instance, the floor plan in the classroom is also important to ensure that an effective classroom management is achieved. In 5 Kamil classroom, the seating arrangement is in group shape. In my opinion, this seating arrangement is very beneficial to teacher to conduct group activity in the classroom. Moreover, it will help the teacher to facilitate the pupils learning. By putting them in group, they can learn to cooperate and help each other in learning. However, the weakness of group seating arrangement is that pupils will disturb their friend in his group. In addition, it will be easier for them to chat or talk about unimportant things. Furthermore, I observed that the teacher provide a sufficient space for the pupils to move around the class while doing many activities prepared by teacher. This is because there are many spaces and gap between each group. I think one of the reason why teacher provide a lot of space is to get the pupils to come easily to the front whenever the teacher calls them. When the pupils move freely around the class, they will be likely to develop their psychomotor skills and hence help in the physical development. (Shahabudin Hashim, & Noor Miza Abdul Rahman ,2014). However, teacher must make sure that pupils move around for purpose such for activity like information gap. Teacher also should not give too much freedom for them to move because they might disturbed other friend.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 Moreover, the classroom decoration in Three Kembara was really impressed me during the first time I entered the class. This is because it is decorated with a lot of colourful motivational quotes. Furthermore, there is a lot of information that is put on the notice board in the classroom. So, teacher must make sure that the information is read by the pupils or else it will be a waste. I think the resources in the classroom plays important role to get the pupils to be motivated to the learning. A classroom without a good floor plan will be not fun and attractive and will not get the pupils to be motivated in the teaching and learning process.

6.0 Conclusion The experience that I gain during the observation is very beneficial for me. Being exposed to how a teaching is conducted in the classroom is important as the preparation to be a teacher in school later. Furthermore, through the observation I had learnt how to manage a mixed ability classroom. Then I could use this knowledge to think of an alternative way to make sure that I can manage a classroom effectively at school. Furthermore, I also realized that teaching profession is very challenging as teachers are going to deal with human. To make sure that I can survive in this profession I must stay positive and always find a room to improve myself.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 TASK 3 - REFLECTION Throughout the course managing the primary ESL classroom, the lesson that I learned was that a teacher need a very strong planning in developing personal classroom management plan that can gain an effective teaching in the classroom. According to Tauber (2007), without an appropriate planning, teacher might not be able to manage the pupils in the classroom. Furthermore, from this course I was able to learn about theories of classroom management that is suggested by experts in order to get an effective classroom management. There is much things that I have learned from the theories such as the how to set rules and routines and classroom and consequences for pupils behaviour. (Khine & Lourdusamy, 2005). Before the course, it never comes to my mind that these are among the things that I need to think off before I entered a classroom to teach. Now I realize how important it is in order to produce a positive environment classroom. The strength of this course is that it gives exposure to me on how to manage a classroom before I carry out my practicum. Without this exposure, I might not know anything about what I should do during my practicum. From the course, I was able to plan how to manage the resources in the classroom such as physical classroom environment and social cultural environment before I entered the class. Moreover, the strength of this course includes the knowledge about the effective communication skills in the classroom. I learned that effective communication is necessary between the teacher and pupils so that they will work together and cooperate to achieve the objectives of teaching and learning. In addition, this course had taught me on how to recognize the patterns of pupils behaviour. So, I will be able to develop, monitor and maintain a productive pupils behaviour in my classroom during my practicum. However, the weakness of this course is that what I have learned is just the theories of how to manage the primary ESL classroom. So, during the practicum I faced difficulties in applying the theories in my classroom because I had never practice it before even during the microteaching. Moreover, the theories is not taking account into various types of pupils with different abilities and learning styles that I might faced. That is why at first I failed to set the rules and routines during my first class because there were some pupils who were unable to understand me. Scrivener & Thornbury (2012) stated that the numbers of pupils in a classroom will affect the teachers classroom management. For example, it seems impossible to get to know to every pupils problem like suggested by Glasser in his theory if there are many pupils in that a classroom.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 During the course, I was only given exposure to the theories of how to manage the ESL classroom theoretically. In my opinion, before I go for my first practicum I should have been exposed to how the real teaching is being conducted. That is why think that the observation to an ESL lesson should be conducted more frequent before the practicum begins and not during the practicum. The rationale of doing the observation before the practicum begins is because it can equipped the teacher trainees with a lot of input and knowledge on how to manage a classroom before he or she entered a class during the first practicum. Furthermore, I think the microteaching should be conducted with the real pupils. Previously, during the microteaching the pupils for the teaching were our classmates. So, we were not able to create a lesson plan for the real pupils level. That is why during the practicum the lesson plan is completely different with what we had done during the microteaching. As a conclusion, the course managing the primary ESL classroom is a very good course which helps teacher trainees to get an initial overview of how the practicum will be conducted. However, there are activities that should be done earlier in order to get the teacher trainees to be more ready to face any possibilities. Overall, I think the knowledge that I gained through this course has helped me a lot during my first practicum. Lastly, teacher must be able to prepare classroom plan that is able to achieve the aims of creating a positive classroom environment.

TENGKU ALIF MUKHLIS BIN TENGKU EZANI 920921-03-5665 REFERENCES

Evertson, C. M., & Weinstein, C. S. (2006). Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Haliza Hamzah, & Samuel, J. N. (2009). Pengurusan bilik darjah dan tingkah laku. Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar. Khine, M. S., Lourdasamy, A., Choon, Q. L., & Wong, A. F. (2005). Classroom management: Facilitating teaching and learning. Singapore: Pearson/Prentice Hall Scrivener, J., & Thornbury, S. (2012). Classroom management techniques. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Shahabudin Hashim, & Noor Miza Abdul Rahman (2014). Kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran kerohanian kanak-kanak. Retrieved from http://books.google.

com.my/books?id=dX_MAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ e_summary _r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Tauber, R. T. (2007). Classroom management: Sound theory and effective practice. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers.