Hampson, R., and S. Jowett. "Effects Of Coach Leadership And Coach-Athlete Relationship On Collective Efficacy.

" Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports 24.2 (2014): 454460. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. This article can be summed up by just reading the title, Effects of coach leadership and coachathlete relationship on collective efcacy. Collective efficacy is a big part of this article, the definition of collective efficacy is a groups shared condence in their conjoint capabilities to successfully organize and perform collective tasks. Hampson and Jowett put together a study that tries to show how a coachs leadership and their relationship with their players effects the team in terms of collective efficacy. It is known that a positive collective efficacy will help a teams performance this study is meant to find reasons that help contribute to collective efficacy. After reading Hampson and Jowetts study and looking back upon my observations I agree with their findings to a certain point. I believe that collective efficacy plays a big part in a teams success. I think would have been more affective if they went about their research in a different fashion. I think the study would be more effective if they researched entire teams rather than individual players like they did. Through my observations I noticed that the players seemed motivated to get their job done by Coach Collins. Players that were on bad terms with Collins seemed more reluctant to be fully committed to the team. Collins leadership and the relationships he kept with his players boosted the teams collective efficacy which in turn helped turn Hough into a top program. I think that studying entire teams would also help them find other contributing factors of a teams collective efficacy. I plan to use the article Effects of coach leadership and coachathlete relationship on collective efcacy to further strengthen my point on how a coach is a leader to his players. My argument is that the relationship between players and coaches is a constantly evolving multidimensional relationship. A coach is a lot of things to his players and a leader is one of them. This study helped me see that a coach should have transformational leadership. Transformational leaders focus on and care about followers and their personal needs and development this type of leadership is ideal for a coach because in return the followers of transformational leaders feel trust, admiration, loyalty, and respect for the leader, and because of the qualities of the transformational leader (i.e., personality, traits, and abilities), are willing to work harder than is ordinarily expected a coach that is a transformational leader towards his players will lead to him having better relationships with his player and bring about more success for his team. Keegan, Richard J., et al. "A Qualitative Investigation Of The Motivational Climate In Elite Sport." Psychology Of Sport & Exercise 15.1 (2014): 97-107. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. The article A Qualitative Investigation of The Motivational Climate in Elite Sport is a study that focuses an athletes motivational climate. A motivational climate is the motivational influence exerted by key social agents. These social agents include coaches, parents, and peers. The study was conducted through interviewing twenty eight elite athletes and studying their responses. The conclusion of the study was that all three social influences played a

Commented [NB1]: Alphabetical order by authors last name

Commented [NB2]: Good first summary

Commented [NB3]: Dont forget page numbers for your quotes.

Commented [NB4]: Good summary.

part in an athletes motivational climate, but the greatest contributor to an athletes motivational climate was their coach. After reading through this study and comparing it to my observations I agree with its findings. Although with that being said I think that the study would be more effective if they did more than just interviewing athletes. Interviews can only tell you so much. If this study would have added observational research such as studying athletes in their everyday lives it would enhance the results and provide a more concise understanding of the influences on the motivational climate. Through my observations I noted that all three social influence athletes in different ways but coaches have the greatest effect on a players motivation because they are the ones who can help make them better. This article will benefit my ethnography because it provides points that help strengthen my argument about the multi-dimensional relationship between coach and players. It also shows that the relationship between coaches and players depend on more than just the coach. Athletes bring different dimensions to the relationship as well. You can't coach everyone the same way, like you've got to look at what you've got and what kind of person your player is. this shows that players take part in molding the multi-dimensional relationship between coaches and players. How a coach gives a player feedback can also has an effect on the relationship He can't just say to you in front of the team You're not doing very well I'd think he was a dick but if he pulled me to one side I'd find myself more motivated to improve that way. HUNHYUK, CHOI, CHO SEONGKWAN, and HUH JINYOUNG. "The Association Between The Perceived Coach--Athlete Relationship And Athletes' Basic Psychological Needs." Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal 41.9 (2013): 1547-1556. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. The article The Association Between the Perceived Coach--Athlete Relationship and Athletes' Basic Psychological Needs was a study that assesses the three Cs of the coach-athlete relationship and how they coincide with athletes three basic psychological needs. The tree Cs are closeness which deals with trust and respect, commitment, and complementarity which is cooperative interactions between each other. The tree basic psychological needs are competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Through questionnaire called the KrCAR-Q given to three hundred twenty eight Korean collegiate athletes the authors found that the three Cs were correlated positively with all basic psychological needs except relatedness. Reading this article I found that although the CAR-Q has been tested and proven to be an effective method for experimenting, that observational research should be accounted for. The CAR-Q is a questionnaire which means the results may not be accurate because athletes may not have taken it seriously. In my observations of the Hough football team I would say that competence was the most important psychological need followed by autonomy. Relatedness should not be in the discussion because it is an implied part of the relationship without a relationship there is no relatedness. There is not a lot of information that I could pull from this article. Overall I think that the study was put together poorly. One piece of information I can use from this article is the quote
Commented [NB6]: Add more information to this paragraph it is lacking

Commented [NB5]: Need more information here

how athletes perceive and evaluate their relationship with their coach affects attitude, motivation, and even emotional responses. This quote does not strengthen my argument much but it does show the validity and importance the relationship between a coach and player is. Stewart, Craig, and Lynn Owens. "Behavioral Characteristics Of 'Favorite' Coaches: Implications For Coach Education." Physical Educator 68.2 (2011): 90-97. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. The article Behavioral Characteristics of Favorite Coaches: Implications for Coach Education studies coaches behaviors and attempts to find the top five behavior characteristics that coaches should keep with their players. The study involved four hundred athletes and former athletes and had them recall memories of their previous coaches. The study took place over six years and in the end the top five most important traits were social support which is characterized as a coach showing concern for the welfare of the individual athlete, providing a positive group atmosphere and providing warm personal relationships with players, training and instruction which is characterized by improving athletic performance through hard work, skills development, practice in techniques and tactics, and instructing and coordinating other athletic activities followed by Positive feedback, autocratic behavior and democratic behavior. After reading the article assessing both the authors and my own research I agree that their findings are positive traits for coaches to have but do not think that they are a must. In my observations coach Collins coaching traits did not always include social support, yet based on his record as a head coach and the way both past and present players feel about him he is an excellent coach. I feel that these traits may vary depending on the athletes that you ask and the area from which there from. Also in regards to Craig and Lynns research interviewing athletes is a very effective means of gaining their research but observing and comparing team performances while accounting coaches behavior may sway the results of the top five traits a coach should have with his players. This article is a good indication that the relationship between a coach and his players is one that is both multi-dimensional and constantly evolving. For coaches to be affective the coach must not only be technically and tactically sound, but engage in behaviors receptive to the athlete. To complicate this issue, a coaching behavior that is positive for one athlete may be an ineffective approach for another coaches have different relationships with different players. As time goes on both players and coaches change and as they change the relationship evolves to counter act the change. if a coach adapts his or her behavior to comply with the athletes' preferred behavior, the athlete may be more readily inclined to repay the coach through an improved performance this quote sticks out to me because with all relationships there is a certain degree of give and take and the coach-athlete relationship should be no different. "A Strong Coach-Athlete Relationship Is Associated With Achievement Goals And Intrinsic Motivation." Journal Of Sport & Exercise Psychology 33.1 (2011): 163-164. Academic Search Complete. Web. 31 Mar. 2014 The article A Strong Coach-Athlete Relationship Is Associated with Achievement Goals and Intrinsic Motivation analyzes a previous study called Meta-perceptions of the coach-athlete
Commented [NB8]: Summary needs work. A little confusing. Commented [NB7]: Strong all around

relationship. Achievement goals and intrinsic motivation among sport participants put together by authors Adie and Jowett which examined the potential links between the coach-athlete relationship, achievement goal adoption, and intrinsic motivation. The article summarizes the study by saying the authors tested a theoretical model in which the association between athletes' meta-perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship and athletes' intrinsic motivation for sport participation was mediated by achievement goal adoption through three questionnaires including the CAR-Q, Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport, and Sport Motivation Scale questionnaire. The results indicated that athletes prefer a mastery approach goals which is striving to achieve competence in a task rather than performance avoidance goals. The article concludes by stating that Adie and Jowetts study provides support for other theories in the sport literature community. The author states that if athletes perceive their relationship with their coach to be strong and secure then they are more likely to pursue mastery approach goals through my research I would concur with this statement because where an athlete stands with his coach can be stressful. If an athletes relationship with their coach is on the rocks this can take away from the players motivation and performance. The author also states that in the pursuit of these goals they (players) are more likely to be intrinsically motivated in their sport I agree with this statement as well observing the Hough football team as athletes achieved competence in their task it continually motivated them to keep improving their game in other areas. This article will not do much for my argument but it can provide information for the preparation stage of my paper by offering an alternative coaching method other than the one used by the Hough football staff.