A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by

ANIMESH SHARMA (CUN120104024) ANSHUL ARORA (CUN120104027) KUNAL GARG (CUN120104073) KUNAL KAKKAR (CUN120104074)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Chitkara School of Mechanical Engineering Chitkara University, Punjab

April 2014

Integrated Project Chitkara School of Mechanical Engineering Chitkara University, Punjab

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report BIO GAS TURBINEis the bonafide work of ANIMESH SHARMA,ANSHUL ARORA,KUNAL GARG,KUNAL KAKKAR who carried out the project work under my supervision.

PROJECT INCHARGE: HARVINDER SINGH SHERA SIGNATURE:

GROUP MEMBER DETAILS ANIMESH SHARMA (CUN120104024) ANSHUL ARORA (CUN120104027) KUNAL GARG (CUN120104073) KUNAL KAKKAR (CUN120104074)

PROJECT NO.: CSME/IP13/03/01 PROJECT STATEMENT: Bio gas turbine Waste material buried in landfills biodegrades over time to produce methane, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Treatment processing waste using anaerobic digestion also produces methane and other gases. Many sites flare these waste gases; or worse yet vent them directly into the atmosphere. Methane has a greenhouse gas impact on the atmosphere that is 21 times that of carbon dioxide, and burning methane in a flare completely wastes its energy value. So the best environmental solution is to use these waste gases to generate renewable power, Design a working model of bio gas turbine which demonstrates the concept of burning of bio fuel. PROJECT INCHARGE: Harwinder Singh Shera OTHER TEACHERS WHO GAVE INPUT: Anoop Aggarwal , Gurdyal Singh TEAM MEMBERS: Animesh Sharma Anshul Arora Kunal Garg Kunal Kakkar (CUN120104024) (CUN120104027) (CUN120104073) (CUN120104074)

INTRODUCTION

Our project is based upon production of electricity through biogas turbine work. Biogas is the gas produced from the biodegradable products which are being introduced as a waste towards the society. These wastes are being used for a purpose and used in a better way so that it can give benefits to the society. Most organic matter begins the process of decomposition when it is exposed to oxygen and sunlight. However, organic matter can also decompose without any oxygen, by the process of anaerobic fermentation. This happens due to the bacteria present in the matter which acts during the absence of oxygen. Landfills see a lot of such decay, especially when the waste material becomes wet and receives little sunlight. As a result, a lot of methane and nitrous oxide is produced and released into the atmosphere. Biogas is the result of this decay, and it is an energy source. Biogas turbines are being made for production of electricity and this phenomenon is eco-friendly to the society and is being carried mostly on large scale.

WHY BIOGAS IS USED??.....

Biogas is an energy rich fuel and can be used to produce heat and power and can also be used as vehicle fuel. Compared to the use of diesel for vehicles, biogas emits 80 per cent less hydrocarbons and 60 per cent less nitrogen oxides. The concentration of particles and dust is also negligible in when biogas is burned. Some advantages are:

Renewable Source of Energy: Biogas is considered to be a renewable source of energy. Since it often produced from materials that form sewage and waste products, the only time it will be depleted is when we stop producing any waste. Non-Polluting: It is also considered to be non-polluting in nature. The production of biogas does not require oxygen, which means that resources are conserved by not using any further fuel. Reduces Landfills: It also uses up waste material found in landfills, dump sites and even farms across the country, allowing for decreased soil and water pollution. Cheaper Technology: Applications for biogas are increasing as the technology to utilize it gets better. It can be used to produce electricity and for the purpose of heating as well. Large number of Jobs: Either way, work opportunities are created for thousands of people in these plants. These jobs are a blessing in rural areas, which are the targeted grounds for the use of biogas. Reduces Greenhouse Effect: It also reduces the greenhouse effect by utilizing the gases being produced in landfills as forms of energy. This is a major reason why the use of biogas has started catching on.

PLANNING OF PROJECT
Integrated project of this year (i.e. biogas turbine) was much more interesting in our view and for a good and attractive presentation of model, proper planning was needed so that it must be done stepwise so that it must be completed in time. In our team, there were four members of our choices so that there must a proper understanding between all the persons and no problem must be occurred further. Firstly, we tried to search for a design of our project as how to make and show that how it is being working as showing the proper phenomenon of our topic. Many discussions were done with our project incharge on basis of our project. After all the discussions and talks we decided and planned the procedure for making turbine. Firstly, we decided to make a turbine which must be completely covered with the casing of a sheet and the turbine must have two opening one is inlet and other must be outlet. Then we decided to setup rotor which moves with pressure transformed by turbine. Speed provided must be converted in electricity and through that we decided to show the use of electricity as by making LED working and a fan also rotate. This all idea was been decided now all the work was to make it practically possible and working. Planning of a particular thing is very helpful.

DESIGNING OF PROJECT
Our project functioning is somewhat similar to diesel engine. In our project the functioning of combustion chamber is done by a cooker placed over a stove. The turbine work is done by a small fan (material used: MILD STEEL) made by giving shape to the fins. Electro Motive Force is produced by a copper coil placed between magnetic field. This electromotive force helps in producing electricity Further the electricity produced by rotating the turbine and passing the steam through the magnetic coil is either collected by lead acid 6volt battery(when steam produced is not in use) or used by the generator for the working of components.

RESULTS It produces electrity to an amount that can be used in working of electrical components(one fan and two lights). Finally the outcome of the project is that as we use coal and LPG in thermal power plants which are exhaustible resources of energy; instead of that we use bio-gas as it is inexhaustile waste which is not going to end anyway. Rest of the operations are same as that of thermal power plant.

SUMMARY In total Bio-gas turbine includes process which are somewhat similar to a diesel engine. In this electrical energy is produced from steam having potential as well as kinetic energy the process is beneficial as it is continuous source of electricity as well as waste is being utilized. Nowadays waste management is the worst problem which is being solved by this method. Initially cost is bit higher but for long run it is not that costly. Production of bio gas is a bit harder and it also takes time. Storage is a problem for biogas. But overall in near future it would be the ultimate source of energy as the non-renewable resource of energy are going to end very soon if exploited at the rate as it is done now.

REFERENCES
[1] http://www.biogassystems.com/en/products/gas-turbines [2] http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/biogas-turbine/ [3] www.inig.pl/INST/nafta-gaz/nafta-gaz/Nafta-Gaz-2012-05-03.pdf [4] www.capstoneturbine.com/prodsol/solutions/rrbiogas.asp