& total station is an electronic machine used in land surveying and construction. The total station operates as a transit with built in electronic distance meter to read slopes distances from a particular point bac# to the instrument. This instrument, along with the reflector prism, can gather coordinates of hori'ontal angles and vertical angles, and distances from any point on the earth(s surface. Total Stations are used to map a field of interest for landscape construction, building construction, and even mapping out the utilities and hardscape on an e%isting property.
Tripod
/ase P ate
The tripod (Figure *) consists of three legs and on the tips of the three legs are sharp steel points. &ll tripods aren(t the same. Some have a small step in order to anchor the tripod in the ground. The basic function of this part is to secure the total station into the ground on a level plane, on the base plate, which is located on the tripod head. The tripod also functions as the first leveling mechanism for the total station. +f the leveling of the tripod is off, it could ta#e more time to level the total station, so securing this piece is essential.
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Tripod
So#r%e, DH Reso#r%es
MiDori Evans
Te%hni%a De)inition
ENGL202C
Base Plate
The base plate (Figure ,) is on the top of the tripod head. +t is a steel plate used to secure the total station on to the tripod. The base plate has a centering screw that is below it which is used to then screw and center the total station into place. This base plate allows the total station to stay in place while surveying. +f the total station is not properly secured on the base plate, the e)uipment can fall or the data that is collected can be wrong.
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/ase P ate
Tripod Head
So#r%e, DH Reso#r%es
Plumb Bob
The plumb bob (Figure !) is a heavy piece of brass, on a string, in a shape of a conical triangle that attaches to the tripod. This brass piece is used to obtain a precise point, chosen by the surveyor, in which to survey the landscape. The plumb bob is attached to the tripod by a hoo# on the bottom of the centering screw. +t then dangles from the tripod over the point that the landscape will be surveyed from.
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Plumb Bob
So#r%e, Ets- Stati%
REM Display
The -./ display (Figure ") is a screen on the total station that displays the vertical and hori'ontal distances as well as the northern and southern coordinates of the point. The display is used to operate the total station if a hand held is not used. +t has options to obtain the points, record and store the points as well as edit different variables that affect the data collected. The display can also be used to level the total station digitally, which is the most efficient way to level this piece of e)uipment.
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MiDori Evans
Te%hni%a De)inition
ENGL202C
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The circular plate levels (Figure 0) are on the bottom Total Station Circular Plate Level of the total station itself. There are three circular So#r%e, S#rve-ors E8%han*e plates. The plate that is in the front (not shown in picture) of the total station controls the forward motion and bac# motion, the second controls the left motion and the last plate controls the right motion of the total station. &ny two plates are turned simultaneously to perfectly level the total station parallel to the point on the ground. Le)t Cir%# ar P ate Leve Ri*ht Cir%# ar +t can ta#e a while to ad1ust these P ate Leve levels but if done with patience the total station can operate correctly.
Verti%a C a1&
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Hori9onta C a1&
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MiDori Evans
Te%hni%a De)inition
ENGL202C
Laser Scope
The laser scope (Figure 4) is the most important part of the total station. The scope on the total station is used to locate the point that is being surveyed. +nside of that scope is a laser. The laser is used to pinpoint the e%act distance and location of the surveying point. 5sing the lens focusing ring, the point is put into focus and the transit is now ready to collect information. The surveyor obtains the data due to the laser shooting a red light from the total station to the reflector prism. The red light, which contains distance information, and vertical and hori'ontal coordinates then shoots bac# to the total station and is displayed on the -./ screen. The total station calculates how long it too# for the beam of light to reach the reflector prism and to come bac# again to obtain the distance from the station to the prism. The vertical and hori'ontal distances are captured by the angle and rotation of the scope on the total station.
Laser Scope
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Re"lector Prism
The reflector prism (Figure 16) is a separate entity from the total station. +ts primary Re&lective use is to capture and reflect the Mirrors shooting beam bac# to the total '#im Laser station. This piece of e)uipment is in Middle( made up of many reflective mirrors in a small bo%. +t can also be used to obtain the height of the total station, which is essential in collecting the correct site data. The prism is used li#e a sta#e to mar# a point in the landscape. The reflector prism is essential because it deflects the red beam bac# to the total station. +f the total station isn(t centered on the reflector prism the site data can be incorrect.
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Con% #sion
The Total Station is truly a phenomenal piece of e)uipment. +t can collect data for a site more than !66 feet away at any hori'ontal or vertical distance. +t can be used on any site in any weather. The total station has revolutioni'ed the way landscape designers, architects, and contractors gather information. The transit
MiDori Evans
Te%hni%a De)inition
ENGL202C
can be used to place corners of a building, or locate where a tree will be place. This e)uipment has made building a landscape more feasible. The evolution of the transit has allowed collection of site data easier and efficient.
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MiDori Evans
Te%hni%a De)inition
ENGL202C