Essential Questions: Day 1 Objectives o The students will be able to: Make observations about how Mariachi from

from the Jalisco Region differs from the music with which they are already familiar Discuss differences between American and Jalisco culture Identify the different types of instruments present in many styles of music, and identify the instrument families present within Jalisco Mariachi Indiana State Music Standards o 7.6.3 Identify and use appropriate terminology to describe various musical styles, genres, cultures, and times periods o 7.6.4 Identify instruments and voice types in aural examples of music from different styles, genres, cultures, and historical periods Materials o Skater Boy by Avril Lavigne o Basie Straight Ahead by the Basie Band o West Side Story Symphonic Dances by Leonard Bernstein o Little Things by One Direction o Cant Hold Us (Macklemore), a cappella arrangement by Pentatonix What makes the mariachi music unique? How does the music of Jalisco reflect the culture as a whole?

o Mariachi Recording: Jarabe Tapatio by Mariachi Mexico o Mariachi Recording: Atotonilco by Mariachi Mexico o Power Point with Mariachi instrument types on them Procedure o Opening Activity (10 min) Play parts of recordings, and each time, ask the students what family of instruments they heard Skater Boy by Avril Lavigne (guitar, bass, drums) Basie Straight Ahead by the Basie Band (trumpets, trombones, saxes, piano, bass drums) West Side Story Symphonic Dances by Leonard Bernstein (strings, brass, woodwinds, percussion) Little Things by One Direction (guitar, vocals) Cant Hold Us (Macklemore), a cappella arrangement by Pentatonix (vocals) Mariachi Recording: Atotonilco by Mariachi Mexico Printouts of worksheet with instruments on them

Ask if anyone knows the style of the last piece they listened to; if they dont know, its Mariachi

Explain that this type of Mariachi comes from the Jalisco Region in Mexico, and they will be learning a lot this week about the culture of Jalisco and its music; ask them if they would like to her another recording

Play Jarabe Tapatio by Mariachi Mexico

o Main Lesson (30 min) Pull up power point and begin talking about the culture of Jalisco Tell them to take notes on the sheet provided Choose from the following notes to put on the ppt: When did this culture originate and how have they developed since? Remains date back to 15,000 years ago Earliest settlements are dated back to 5,000 BC from pottery and agricultural practices Famous for underground burial shafts know as tumbas de tiro Inhabited by up 15-20 different peoples Spanish conquistadores claimed all of Mexico, including the area of the state of Jalisco. Nuno Beltran de Guzman (1530) titled his campaign the Conquista del Espritu Santo de la Mayor Espaa (Great Spanish Conquest of the Holy Spirit), and founded a town named Villa del Espritu Santo de la Mayor Espaa o A royal decree later imposed the name Provincia de Nueva Galicia with the capital, Santago Galicia de Compostela o This area included the now-named states of Nayarit, Zacatecas, and Aguascalientes, most of Jalisco and Sinaloa, as well as parts of San Luis Potosi and Durango The native Mexican peoples resented this and rebelled against the Spanish occupation, around 1786

Public proclamation of independence was established in 1823 Birthday of Jalisco is traditionally recognized to be June 16th, 1823 This independence was followed by varying periods of conservative and liberal rules, and conflict between these two groups.

The liberals took immediate control of the country, creating a department of education and nationalizing church properties, making them the dominant religion

In 1852, the conservatives had regained power, which only lasted until 1855, at which point a reformist government came to power, revising the constitution to give more power and civil liberties to the states

What are their past and present social, economic, and political structures? Economic o One of the most prosperous Mexican states o 16% of in primary sector (culture, livestock, and fishing), 30% in secondary (mining, industry, and construction), 54% in tertiary (commerce, tourism, and services) o % working in agriculture and raising livestock has been declining recently o corn sugarcane, sorghum, maguey, and beans are major crops o Jalisco is known as the cradle of tequila, due to the

growth of maguey, an important ingredient the making of tequila What are their religious and artistic rituals? Carnival Fest of the Virgin of Guadalupe o Local Highlights Fiestas of El Seor de los Rayos in Tenamaxtln, La Candelaria in the Los Altos region, the Virgen de los Dolores in Teocaltiche, San Pedro in Tlaquepaque, and Santiago in Tonal Most involve parades, dancing, and entertainments like fireworks and bullfights Traditional dances include the aztecas, the sonajeros, the nachtes, and the baile de la conquista What does daily life in this culture look like? Most common language is Spanish o Most common indigenous languages are huichol, followed by Nhuatl o Tap water is impure and not safe for drinking o Air pollution is known to become a problem between December and May One of the most populated states in Mexico, according to 2005 census, total was 6.7 million people

For dances, women wear one of a number of traditional garments o Veistido ranchero taken from the style of the royal court of Spain, removing much of the complicated lacework and silk and adding other brightly colored adornments, usually with a flowery pattern o Florecitas high necked blouce with a simple, full skirt

Men normally wear white clothing, adorned with a sash, sandals, and a straw hat

After going through the power point, ask if there are any questions

o Closing Activity Ask what differences the students see between their own lives and Jalisco Culture Day 2 Objectives o The students will be able to: Identify the instruments used in Jalisco Mariachi using pictures and relate them to classroom instruments that could serve similar purposes Perform the proper guitar strumming technique in time with the Jalisco Mariachi song, El Tirador by El Mariachi Vargas de Tcalitlan How is it similar? How is it different? Is there anything they prefer in one culture rather than the other? Class discussion until the end of class

Indiana State Music Standards o 7.6.4 Identify instruments and voice types in aural examples of music from different styles, genres, cultures, and historical periods o 7.2.2 Play pitched and non-pitched classroom instruments using correct techniques for producing sound

Materials o Mariachi Recording: El Tirador by El Mariachi Vargas de Tcalitlan o Guitars o Piano o Trumpet

Procedure o Opening Activity (5 min) Play El Tirador by El Mariachi Vargas de Tcalitlan Ask them to begin by tapping the pulse with the song, then copy what you do After a little bit, restart the song, and tell them to copy this one movement (the strumming movement for Mariachi guitar) Tell them to remember this pattern because it will make more sense later in the lesson o Main Lesson (35 min) Pull up the power point, starting with the slides talking about the different instruments in Jalisco Mariachi What instruments are used? (Describe each instrument)

Guitarrn A large Mexican Bass guitar, six strings, fretless fingerboard Three strings are nylon wound, the other three are metal, either copper, brass, bronze, or steel Primary bass instrument in a mariachi band, replacing the harp that originally provided bass while adding more mobility Originally played by plucking individual strings, but is now generally played two strings at a time, tuned in octaves, helps to provide more volume on the bass notes in the mariachi band Based off of the guitarrones, which were similar versions of the guitarrn with only five strings instead of six

Armona Section Armona means harmony in Spanish o However, the sections primary role is to provide the role of the rhythm section in a mariachi band Consists of the vihuela, guitar, and guitarra de golpe o The guitarrn and the harp can also be considered a member of the armona on some occasions, but each are taught in much different ways Vihuela o Similar to modern guitar, but with more incurving sides and bouts, as if it were to have once been played with a bow and a shorter fretboard

o Double strings, tuned using a fourth, fourth, major third, fourth, fourth pattern, creates two octaves between the first and last string Classical guitar o Wooden body, six strings, the same as those used today Guitarra de Golpe o Smaller than a standard guitar but larger than a vihuela o Fretboard is slightly raised, and uses metal frets, except for the first three which are sometimes made of wood o The traditional peghead has double curves that are meant to be an owl o Traditional tuning would be in perfect fourths, except between the 3rd and 4th strings which contains a major 3rd Violin Trumpet Mariachi Harp Original bass instrument in a mariachi band, diminished in popularity due to urbanization, popularization, and commercialism, and moved to the guitarrn After they have copied many of these notes, ask them what classroom instruments they think would serve as good imitations of the original instruments o Closing Activity (10 min)

Bring out the guitars, and ask the students to get into a position ready to play

Ask them if they remember the pattern they learned at the beginning of class

Tell them to practice it on their own for a minute Regroup, and play the pattern in time together Tomorrow, they will learn the chords to go with the strumming pattern

Day 3 Objectives o Students will be able to: Perform the Mariachi Strumming technique while playing the I and V chord within the context of the song, El Tirador Perform the bass line of El Tirador on the piano

Indiana Music State Standards o 7.2.2 Play pitched and non-pitched classroom instruments using correct techniques for producing sound o 7.2.3 Play I, IV, and V chord patterns independently or as part of an ensemble

Materials o El Tirador o Guitars o Pianos o Piano picture on screen

Procedure o Opening activity (5 min) Practice strum activity with guitars on their own Come together and practice in time together Practice about thirty seconds with the recording

o Main Lesson (35 min) Explain to the students that each string has an open pitch Tell them what the open pitches are (E, A, D, G, B, E) Give them an acronym for remembering the open pitches (Every Aunt Does Get Big Ears) Ask them if they can think of any other acronyms to help memorization and if they would like to share them with the class While explaining that certain chords are made by pressing down certain strings, show them the chords G and C, the I and V of C, respectively Have them practice each chord in time using the Mariachi strum pattern Then, let them practice switching between the two chords on their own, then in time Finally, turn on the music and let them strum the chords in time with the music. Next, have them put down the guitars and pick up their mini pianos Show them the notes they will be using Tell them they will be learning the bass line to match the chords they just

learned Show them the bass line slowly in time on the picture, then play it slowly in time for them on the actual piano o Closing Activity (10 min) Once they have seemed to get the bass line pretty well, have half of the class pick up their guitars and the other half stay on the pianos Start by having the pianos play the bass line slowly and in time, then add in the guitars on the I and V chords with the Mariachi strumming pattern Once they have a nice groove going, stop them, and start them all together at a faster tempo Day 4 Objectives o Students will be able to: Perform El Tirador in the proper Jalisco Mariachi style using guitars, piano (for bass line), and vocals Discuss the difference in vibrato techniques between different types of music, specifically between Jalisco Mariachi and Western classical music Indiana State Music Standards o 7.2.2 Play pitched and non-pitched classroom instruments using correct techniques for producing sound o 7.2.3 Play I, IV, and V chord patterns independently or as part of an ensemble o 7.6.3 Identify and use appropriate terminology to describe various musical styles, Clean-up

genres, cultures, and time periods Materials o Guitars o Pianos o Trumpet o Voices o El Tirador o Beethovens 5th Symphony o Sing, Sing, Sing by Benny Goodman o Mirrors by Justin Timberlake\ o Power Point Procedure o Opening Activity (5 min) Play about thirty seconds of each tune, and ask the students to identify the genre Beethovens 5th Symphony Sing, Sing, Sing by Benny Goodman Mirrors by Justin Timberlake

Talk to them about how just like each genre sounds different, players or singers play or sing differently as well

Today, using trumpet as an example, we will talk about the use of vibrato in different genres

o Main Lesson (30 min)

Explain that in jazz music, people tend to use a wide type of vibrato (demonstrate on trumpet)

In classical music, people generally use quicker vibrato (demonstrate on trumpet)

In Mariachi, players tend to use a very fast vibrato (demonstrate on trumpet)

This can transfer over to vocals as well Tell them it is not necessary to use today, but it is good to know Some notes on vibrato from the power point: Is singing used? If so, how? Singing works as a melodic leader in a mariachi band Also utilizes shouts and cries, called gritos, essential to the character of the music Silbidos piercing whistles, orchestra members and audience members may use these at certain times in a song

Play the recording of El Tirador and tell the kids to mimic you as you perform a simplified version of the vocals in sections

Once you have gone through the vocal section several times, begin to assign kids to either vocals, guitar, or piano

Review the different parts, and begin adding parts in together Play the trumpet part, and you have a mariachi band!

o Closing Activity (15 min) Ask students to reflect on the past couple of days and ask if they can see

how unique Mariachi is Stimulate a discussion about how Mariachi is different or similar to other types of music Pass out the final quiz for the unit; generally, it tests knowledge by sight of the Mariachi instruments and some aspects of the culture