Colloid

Type of mixture in which one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another homogenous. Particles not completely dissolved as particles in colloid are larger than in a solution

Emulsion Suspension Dipole Latent heat of evaporation Cardiac cycle Tunica Intima Tunica Media Tunica Adventitia Sino-atrial node Septum Thrombus Embolus Systemic circulation

Mixture of two or more immiscible liquids. One liquid is dispersed through another but they will separate out into two layers Mixture containing solid particles that are large enough for sedimentation Two ends of a molecule having different charges Energy required to change liquid to gas Series of events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next Single layer of squamous endothelial cells surrounded by connective tissue + interlaced with an number of elastic bands Middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibers Outer layer entirely made out of connective tissue with collagen Cells in heart that generate a rhythmic impulse starting off the heart contraction pace maker Wall separating left and right sides of heart Internal blood clot Blood clot which falls off endothelium at site of rupture and moves to another artery causing blockage Carry oxygenated blood from heart to cells of body where O is used. Carries oxygenated blood back to heart.

Pulmonary circulation Atherosclerosis Cardiac output Condensation reaction Hydrolysis Carbohydrate

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs to be oxygenated then carries it back to heart Process of formation of plaques in walls of arteries such that the lumen decreases in size and blood flow is restricted Volume of blood pumped out of left ventricle per minute Occurs when two or more molecules become bonded together to form a dimmer or polymer and water is the other product Occurs when a molecule is broken up with water being the other reactant Biological molecule containing C H O

Starch 1. Amylose 2. Amylopectin Sucrose

A polysaccharide made of 1.Amylose and 2.Amylopectin used as a storage molecule in plants Straight chained polysaccharide with 1-4 glycosidic bonds Branched polysaccharide used to store energy in animals

A disaccharide made of glucose and fructose Maltose Lactose Triglycerides Ester bond Fatty acid Saturated Platelet Thrombin Fibrin Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Made of two glucose molecules Made of glucose and galactose 3 fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule Bond linking fatty acid to a glycerol Chain of carbon molecules with carbonyl group at end (COOH) Contain no double bonds Cell fragment involved in clotting process Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin Insoluble protein that forms a net to trap RBCs Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Down the [ ] gradient Movement of particles (large molecules and ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration requiring a transmembrane protein. This is important when the particle is large or charged. Down the [ ] gradient Osmosis Movement of free water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration (Hypotonic hypertonic). Down the [ ] gradient

Active transport Exocytosis and Endocystosis

Movement of particles using a carrier protein and ATP. It can move particles against the [ ] gradient Movement of particles out of the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane Movement of particles into the cell by formation of a vesicle by deformation of the cell membrane

Carrier Protein Channel Protein Glycolipid 1 folding 2 folding 3 folding

Protein that bind with a specific ion or molecule and helps it cross a membrane Protein that spans a membrane and is involved in the transport of molecules across the membrane Molecule consisting of lipid and carbyhdrate Sequence of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds Polypeptide chain folds due to hydrogen bonds formed between carbonyl and amine groups. Contain Alpha Helices + Beta Pleated sheets Secondary structures fold back on themselves in loops as all 4 types of intermolecular bonds are formed between R groups. Protein is now 3D and appears globular

4 folding Enzyme Active site Obesity LDL HDL Risk factors Epidemiological studies

Two or more separate proteins interact forming a quaternary structure. All 4 types of intermolecular bonds are exhibited. A biological catalyst (= increase reaction rate but are not change during reaction) Part of an enzyme molecule into which a substrate molecule fits during a chemical reaction A condition in which body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected. BMI of 30 and higher Low density lipoproteins which transport cholesterol from liver to other organs + adipose tissue for storage. Accumulate in artery walls High density lipoproteins which transport cholesterol back to the liver from the artery walls to be converted into bile acids. Variables that correlate with a disease and so may be involved in causing it Investigations into patterns of diseases in populations

Correlation Validity Precision Reliability Causative correlation Mortality rate Organelle Gene Mutation Alleles Gene locus Genotype Homozygous Heterozygous Phenotype Text cross Genome Transcription Translation Antisense strand Chromosome

When a change in one variable is followed by a change in another Properly designed for its aims

When a change in one variable is responsible for the change in the other # of deaths in population per 1000 Specialized subunit of cell that has specific function and is usually enclosed within its own envelope/membrane Section of a chromosome that codes for a particular feature/protein Random change in base sequence of DNA Different forms of the same gene at particular locus often only differing by one DNA base Position on chromosome occupied by gene Genetic constitution of an organism for a particular feature Both alleles at particular locus are the same different

Appearance of a particular character in an organism. Depends on genotype and environment A cross with homozygous recessive to distinguish between homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuaks Total base sequence of an organism Production of mRNA from a DNA strand

Strand of DNA which acts as a template for the formation of mRNA

Mitosis Meiosis

Nuclear division giving rise to 2 genetically identical cells in which the chromosome # is kept constant by the exact duplication of chromosomes Reduction division in which the chromosome # is halved from diploid to haploid and cells produced are not genetically identical

Ecosystem

Environment including all living organisms interacting, the cycling of nutrients and the physical and chemical environment in which the organisms are living

Habitat Population Ecological niche Habitat niche Endemic

Place where an organism lives Group of organisms of the same species living and breeding together in a particular niche in a habitat Role of organism within an ecological community Role of an organism in relation to a specific habitat Found in a particular region or country