Clohal Ccology 133 /4 165102010

doi10. 3969 / j. i--n. 163936. 2010. 03 /04. 10

Article ID 163936201003 /04016506
Air flow calculation of reverse circulation drilling
technique with air DTH hammer
HIA^C Yong
1
ZHI Lihong
2
YI^ Kun
1
and B0 Kun
1
QL -2;;9)9 2O -2%HRD$&R12% A%)1%99D1%) #1;1% ,%1]9DH1RG -(%)&$% QTSSVW -1%(
VL :&22; 2O @9RD2;9$E A%)1%99D1%) -1%( ,%1]9DH1RG 2O @9RD2;9$E C1%)*(2 VWW H(%*2%) -1%(
Bcccivcd 2 Augu-i 2010 acccpicd 22 Augu-i 2010
Abstract Ai I1H hammc ha- hccn -uccc--fully applicd in minocalihc -olid mincal cxploaiion waic
wcll dilling and oihc dilling aca-. In odc io cxpand ihc applicaiion- of ihc icchnology ihc auiho- fuihc
-iudicd ihc pinciplc and analyzcd ihc mcchani-m of cvc-c ciculaiion dilling icchniquc wiih ai I1H hammc
io gci ihc pcfcci a--cmhlc- of cquipmcni- hy opiimizing woking paamcic-. ^o paamcic -ccmcd moc impo
iani ihan ihc ai volumc hccau-c ii could mainiain ihc woking pcfomancc -iahiliiy. 1hc minimum ai volumc
i- claicd io ihc paamcic- -uch a- dcpih and pc--uc which wa- calculaicd undc ihc aciual condiiion-. Ii
wa- -olvcd fo ihc ai injcciion flow iahlc- of ihc ai I1H Hammc woking ai ihc diffccni pc--uc-. Accoding
io ihc daia iahlc- opcaio- could adju-i ihc ai volumc io mcci ihc dcmand on ihi- icchniquc which had a c
ali-iic guiding -ignificancc. So ii could huild up a -ci of -y-icmaiic and complcic hiicchniquc.
Key words ai I1H Hammc cvc-c ciculaiing hii CII -imulaiion dcivaiion cquaiion ai flow calcula
iion
Introduction
Bcvc-c ciculaiion dilling icchniquc wiih ai
I1H hammc i- ihc hiicch dilling icchnology. In c
ccni yca- ai dilling icchnology ha- hccn applicd in
many lagc oilficld- Lian 9R (;. 2003 Yin 9R (;.
2003 Bo2005 Vang 9R (;. 2005. Io in-iancc
whcn ihc ai hammc dilling wa- u-cd in oil and ga-
cxploaiion had fomaiion ihc dilling cfficicncy wa-
u-ually incca-cd hy ovc 5 iimc- which had hccn
commonly acknowlcdgcd hy oilficld dilling indu-iic-
Li & Yang 199 Vang 9R (;. 2000 Bcn 9R (;.
2006. Along wiih -hoicoming- of ihc nomal cicu
laiion ai dilling icchniquc ohviou- and gowing ihc
pio -iudy of cvc-c ciculaiion dilling icchniquc ha-
hccn alcady -iaicd in odc io ovccomc ihc-c dc
fcci-. Ai pc-cni ii i- found ihai cvc-c ciculaiion
dilling icchniquc wiih ai I1H hammc ha- hccn -uc
cc--fully applicd in minocalihc -olid mincal cxplo
aiion waicwcll dilling and huilding foundaiion
ock-ockcicd iigaiion pilc cnginccing Chcn 9R
(;. 2003 Su & Zhang 2003. Ii- applicaiion aca
ha- hccn and i- hcing cnlagcd wiih ihc fuihc -iudy
on ihc pinciplc a- wcll a- hy opiimizing woking pa
amcic con-cqucnily io gci ihc pcfcci a--cmhlc- of
cquipmcni-. 1hc papc dcvclopcd a dciailcd di-cu-
-ion on ahovc quc-iion- -o ii could huild up a -ci of
-y-icmaiic and complcic hiicch dilling icchnology.
1 Reverse circulation drilling tech-
nique with air DTH hammer
Bcvc-c ciculaiion dilling icchniquc wiih ai
I1H hammc compo-cd of iwofold wall dill iool- and
cvc-c ciculaiing hii i- a cvc-c ciculaiion dilling
iool- -y-icm. Ii- woking pinciplc i- -hown in Iig. 1.
1chip cmoval ho-c 2iwochanncl ai / waic -wivcl 3
goo-cncck iuhc 4iniakc ho-c 5douhlcwall dilling pipc
6chcck valvc hcai iuhc 8innc cylindc 9pi-iion
10hu-h 11cvc-c ciculaiing hii
Fig. 1 Principle of reverse circulation drilling tech-
nique with air DTH hammer
Ii-ily ihc iniakc ho-c 4 i- ju-i on ihc ighi of
iwochanncl ai / waic -wivcl 2 and ihc compc--cd
ai -upplicd hy ai compc--o i- cnicing hy ihc in
iakc ho-c 4 ihcn ihough ai / waic -wivcl 2 and ihc
ciclc gap hciwccn innc and ouic pipc and aiving
io ihc iop joini of ihc I1H hammc. Ii i- ihcn pu-hing
away chcck valvc 6 via hy way of innc cylindc -idc
io flow inio ihc ai inlci -o cnicing ihc pc and po-i
ai chamhc of ihc I1H hammc. Ai ihc -amc iimc
ihc compc--cd ai popcl- pi-ion impaci hammc 9 io
makc ihc high fcqucncy impul-c moiion- and ihc
impaci -ic-- wavc can volumc hcak ock wiih ihc co
lumnadcniaic cahidc alloy of cvc-c ciculaiing hii.
Iinally ihc dilling and poc foming i- complcicd
wiih ihc high -pccd. 1hc wa-ic ai which i- alcady
divcn ihc pi-ion io do wok via annula channcl hc
iwccn pi-ion 9 and hcai iuhc i- di-chaging io an
nula -pacc ahovc ihc hii 11 via ihc channcl hciwccn
ihc -plinc and kcyway and ihcn i- cxcludcd hy di-
chagc poi of hii. Ai vclociiy of ihc hii di-chagc
poi ouilci i- highc ihan -ound vclociiy and i- u-ual
ly 400600 m/ - jci vclociiy. Ii i- found ihai ihi- vc
lociiy may poduci cniainmcni cffcci nca ihc hoiiom
of hii di-chagc poi io fom ihc lowpc--uc aca.
And ihc jci -icam cniainmcni cffcci and ihc low
pc--uc aca makc ii po--ihlc fo ihc fluid -uound
ing ihc hii -uckcd inwad in odc io hlock ihc fluid
flowing io ihc hii laical. 0ihcwi-c ii may cau-c ihc
icnd of nomal ciculaiion.
2 inimum air flow rate
2. 1 Derivation equation
Ba-cd on Angcl modcl Angcl 195 wiihoui
con-idcing ihc inicaciioncncgy qualiiy and mo
mcnium cxchangchciwccn cuiiing- and ihc fluid and
undc ihc condiiion of no -pondyloli-ihc-i- hciwccn
ga- and -olid pha-c- ii i- cgadcd ihc dcn-iiy and
vclociiy of ga--olid mixiuc- a- a -icady unifom -in
glcpha-c flow in annulu- Villiam 9R (;. 2001
Bcn 9R (;. 200 Bi 9R (;. 2008. Accoding io
ihc ga- dynamic- ihcoy ii i- dcivcd ihc minimum
annula vclociiy Y
)
in which ihc cuiiing- ac cffcciivc
ly lificd up fom ihc hoiiom holc io ihc -ufacc. Indc
ihc -iandad pc--uc and icmpcaiuc condiiion-
20'0. 1 HPa Y
)
i- 15. 24 m/ - Cuo & Ali
2002. 1hccfoc ihc unii volumc kinciic cncgy A
)2
i-
A
)2
b
1
2
d
D
)2
g
d Y
2
)2
1
Vhcc D
)2
i- ihc ai -pccific wcighi ai ihc -iand
ad condiiion 12. 642 ^/ m
3
Y
)2
i- ihc minimum
ai vclociiy ai ihc -iandad condiiion 15. 24 m/ - g
i- gaviiy accclcaiion 9. 8 m/ -
2
. 1hc -iandad ai
kinciic cncgy who-c volumc i- 1 m
3
and ihc vclociiy i-
15. 24 m/ - i-
A
)2
1
2
d
12. 642
( )
9. 8
d 15. 24
2
b 149. 806 | 2
1hi- c-uli i- in nccd of ihc minimum unii vol
umc kinciic cncgy io cay -olid paiiclc-. If ihc cui
6 6 1 Huang Y. Zhu L. H. Yin K. 9R (;L
iing-caicd ahiliiy of ihc fluid ai ihc calculaiion poini
in wcll hoc i- cqual io ihai of -iandad ai ii -hould
mcci ihc following claiion-hip
1
2
d
D
)2
g
d Y
2
)2
b
1
2
d
D
g
d Y
2
3
Lquaiion 3can hc cwiiicn a-Y
2
=
D
)2
D
Y
2
)2
Vhcc D i- any poini ai -pccific wcighi in wcll
hoc ^/ m
3
Y i- any poini ai vclociiy in wcll hoc
m/ -.
Ba-cd on ihc ga- -iaic cquaiion ii i- dcivcd ihai
Z i-
Z b
:
)
d @
0
_
0
d D
)2
b
100000 d 1. 0
12. 642 d 293. 15
b 26. 98 m/ K
4
In ahovc funciion whcc i- ihc ga- con-iani fo
ihc -iandad condiiion ai m/ K :
)
i- ihc claiivc
dcn-iiy of ihc paiicula ga- claiivc io ihc -iandad
condiiion ai @
0
i- ihc local aimo-phcic pc--uc
Pa _
0
i- ihc local ah-oluic icmpcaiuc K.
Suh-iiiuiing ihc ga- con-iani B of ihc cquaiion
4 inio ihc idcal ga- -iaic cquaiion yicld-
D b
:
)
d @
26. 98 d _
Vhcc D i- any poini ai -pccific wcighi in wcll
hoc ^/ m
3
@ i- a cciain poini pc--uc Pa.
1hc ga- volumc flow on dc-icd poini in wcll hoc
i- dcivcd fom ihc ga- -iaic cquaiion and -uh-iiiu
iing @
0
and _
0
inio ii yicld-
C b
@
0
d _ d C
)2
_
0
d @
b
3. 348 d 10
c4
d _ d C
)2
@
6
Vhcc C i- any poini ga- volumc flow in wcll
hoc m
3
/ min C
)2
i- ihc -iandad injcciion ga- vol
umc flow m
3
/ min.
Lquaiion 6 i- dividcd hy channcl co-- -cciion
aca -o ii could ohiain vclociiy cquaiion a- follow-
Y b
5. 58 d 10
c6
d C
)2
d _
@ d /

Vhcc / i- channcl co-- -cciion aca m

2
.
Suh-iiiuiing cquaiion 5 and cquaiion inio
cquaiion 3 yicld-
@ b
2. 46 d 10
c12
d :
)
d _ d C
)2
Y
2
)2
d /
8
Vc can 0hiain @ / and / io dc-ign wcll dcpih
on ihc ha-i- fo ihc minimum kinciic cncgy ciicion
i- calizcd.
2. 2 Air flow calculation
In odc io guaanicc ihc I1H hammc woking
pcfomancc -iahlc ihc ai volumc flow i- changing
wiih ihc dilling dcpih incca-ing. 1hc ai injcciion
flow i-15 m
3
/ min hui ihc ai volumc i- hccoming
-mall in vicw of ihc incca-ing dcpih. Hocovc ii i-
indi-pcn-ahlc of -upplcmcniay ai flow io calizc ihc
nomal wok of I1H hammc and io avoid unnccc--ay
chipping cu-hing cpcaicdly ai ihc hoiiom holc. 1hc
-upplcmcniay ai flow i-
C
1
b C
0
c C 9
Vhcc C
1
i- ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow undc ihc
-amc condiiion wiih C m
3
/ min. ^cvcihclc-- op
caio- nccd ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow undc ihc lo
cal aimo-phcic pc--uc. Lquaiion 9 hccomc-
C
1
b
@
0
d _
(]
@ d _
d C
)2
10
1hc hoiiom holc icmpcaiuc _
*
i- dcicmincd
fom ihc -ufacc gcoihcmal icmpcaiuc ock foma
iion ai ihc -ufacc ihc gcoihcmal gadicni and ihc
dcpih of ihc hocholc. 1hc gcoihcmal gadicni i- ap
poximaicd io hc 0. 03' / m in ihi- calculaiion. 1hc
-ufacc icmpcaiuc _
0
i- dcicmincd hy local icmpca
iuc accoding io daia ii i- a--umcd io hc 293 K.
1hu- ihc avcagc icmpcaiuc of ihc wholc hocholc
i-
_
*
b _
0
a 0. 03 d .
_
(]
b
_
0
a _
*
2
Vhcc . i- ihc wholc dilling dcpih m.
1o gci ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow undc ihc local
aimo-phcic pc--uc cquaiion 10 hccomc-
C
H1
b
@ d _
@
0
d _
(]
d C
1
11
Vhcc C
H1
i- ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow undc ihc lo
cal aimo-phcic pc--uc m
3
/ min.
6 1 Ai flow calculaiion of cvc-c ciculaiion dilling icchniquc wiih Ai I1H hammc
Accoding io ihc ahovc cquaiion- ii i- c
-pcciivcly calculaicd ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow ai ihc
inlci ai flow of 15 m
3
/ min and 30 m
3
/ min. Vhcn
calculaiion- ac in pogc-- iakc dcpih and pc--uc
changc inio con-idcaiion. 1hc daia ac -hown in 1a
hlc 1 and 1ahlc 2. Ba-cd on ihc daia iahlc- accod
ing io ihc diffccni dilling dcpih and pc--uc opca
io- can adju-i ihc ai flow io mcci ihc nccd of cvc-c
ciculaiion dilling icchniquc wiih ai I1H hammc.
Iom ihc daia iahlc- ii i- -ccn ihai whcn ihc pc--uc
i- ai 1. 5 2. 5 HPa ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow i- zc
o hccau-c ihough ihc ahovc cquaiion- calculaiion
ihc -upplcmcniay ai flow i- ncgaiivc.
Table 1 Air injection rate at 15 m
3
/ min
@/ HPa ./ m C
0
/ m
3
#min
1
C
)2
/ m
3
#min
1
C/ m
3
#min
1
C
H1
/ m
3
#min
1
1. 5 0 15 225 26. 5000 0
2. 0 100 15 225 140. 6061 0
2. 5 200 15 225 209. 000 0
3. 0 300 15 225 254. 126 29. 126
3. 5 400 15 225 28. 3144 62. 3144
4. 0 500 15 225 311. 658 86. 658
4. 5 600 15 225 330. 836 105. 836
5. 0 00 15 225 345. 998 120. 998
5. 5 800 15 225 358. 4458 133. 4458
6. 0 900 15 225 368. 8191 143. 8191
6. 5 1000 15 225 3. 5965 152. 5965
. 0 1100 15 225 385. 1200 160. 1200
. 5 1200 15 225 391. 6404 166. 6404
8. 0 1300 15 225 39. 345 12. 345
8. 5 1400 15 225 402. 398 1. 398
9. 0 1500 15 225 406. 8546 181. 8546
9. 5 1600 15 225 410. 8583 185. 8583
10. 0 100 15 225 414. 461 189. 461
10. 5 1800 15 225 41. 219 192. 219
11. 0 1900 15 225 420. 685 195. 685
11. 5 2000 15 225 423. 391 198. 391
3 Conclusions
1 Accoding io ihc minimum kinciic cncgy
and Angcl modcl ihc ai injcciion flow i- calculaicd
and dcduccd io gci ii- calculaiion cquaiion changing
wiih dcpih and pc--uc.
2 1o mcci ihc I1H Hammc woking pcfom
ancc -iahlc ha-cd on ihc pc--uc cquciion ai ihc
calculaicd wcll dcpih- ihc addcd ga- cquciion which
ihc hoiiom holc I1H hammc nccd io nomal wok i-
dcivcd.
3 Ba-cd on aciual condiiion- wc goi ihc ai
injcciion flow iahlc- wiih ihc minimum ai injcciion
flow cquaiion and ihc addcd ga- cquciion . Accoding
io ihc daia iahlc- opcaio- adju-i ihc ai flow io mcci
ihc nccd of ihc cvc-c ciculaiion dilling icchniquc
wiih ai I1H hammc.
8 6 1 Huang Y. Zhu L. H. Yin K. 9R (;L
Table 2 Air injection rate at 30 m
3
/ min
@/ HPa ./ m C
0
/ m
3
#min
1
C
)2
/ m
3
#min
1
C/ m
3
#min
1
C
H1
/ m
3
#min
1
1. 5 0 30 450 52. 9991 0
2. 0 100 30 450 281. 2122 0
2. 5 200 30 450 418. 1400 0
3. 0 300 30 450 509. 4252 59. 4251
3. 5 400 30 450 54. 6289 124. 6289
4. 0 500 30 450 623. 5316 13. 5316
4. 5 600 30 450 661. 561 211. 561
5. 0 00 30 450 691. 9955 241. 9955
5. 5 800 30 450 16. 8915 266. 8915
6. 0 900 30 450 3. 6381 28. 6381
6. 5 1000 30 450 55. 1930 305. 1930
. 0 1100 30 450 0. 2400 320. 2400
. 5 1200 30 450 83. 280 333. 280
8. 0 1300 30 450 94. 6914 344. 6914
8. 5 1400 30 450 804. 596 354. 596
9. 0 1500 30 450 813. 091 363. 091
9. 5 1600 30 450 821. 166 31. 166
10. 0 100 30 450 828. 9233 38. 9233
10. 5 1800 30 450 835. 443 385. 443
11. 0 1900 30 450 841. 313 391. 313
11. 5 2000 30 450 846. 835 396. 835
4 Acknowledgments
Vc wi-h io acknowlcdgc ihc a--i-iancc in daia
ic-i fom Pciolcum Iilling 1cchnology In-iiiuic of Si
chuan Povincc. 1hi- -iudy wa- -uppoicd hy ihc po
jcci of ihc fca-ihiliiy -iudy on ai cvc-c ciculaiion
dilling -y-icm c-cach foundaiion fo oui -ianding
icachc- |ilin Inivc-iiy ^o. 2006220100003435.
1hank Kcy Lahoaioy of CcoLxploaiion In-iumcn
iaiion Hini-iy of Lducaiion fo -uppoi.
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