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PHOTOCRAPHI C CAMERA
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PHOTOGRAPHI C CAMERA
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ATTENTI ON!
Thi s I nst r uct i on Manual cont ai ns br i ef char act e-
r i st i cs and essent i al oper at i ng pr i nci pl es of t he
" Zor ki - 4" camer a; i t i s not i nt ended as a
phot o-
gr apher ' s handbook.
Bef or e pr oceedi ng t o t ake pi ct ur es, st udy t he
oper at i on of t he camer a and i t s handl i ng i nst r uc-
t i ons pr esent ed i n t hi s Manual .
Mi nor di f f er ences bet ween your camer a and t he
Manual may be due t o ever - advanci ng devel opment
of t he camer a desi gn.
Do not di r ect t he l ens at t he sun i n or der t o avoi d
bur ni ng t hr ough t he shut t er cur t ai ns because t he
l ens act s l i ke a por ver l ul col l ect i ng pi ece.
The l ens shoul d be scr ewed i n and out of t he
camer a onl y by t he knur l ed por t i on of t he dept h- of -
f i el d scal e r i ng ( t he gr eat est di amet er of t he
nl ount ) .
To avoi d t he damage of t he camer a set t he ex?o-
sur e speeds onl y af t er t he shut t er i s cocl <ed.
Do not r ot at e t he shut t er speed di al i n t he i n-
t er val bet ween
" 30"
and
" 1" .
Do not t ur n t he r el ease but t on, i f not necessar y,
whi l e r el easi ng t he shut t er t o avoi d t he cut t i ng out
oi t he shut t er set t i ng mechani sm.
Whi l e set t i ng t he camer a shut t er , al r vays t ur n t he
set t i ng l ever up t o t he mechani cal l i mi t t o avoi ' J
hl ank f r ames on t he f i l m.
PURPOSE
The "Zorki : 4" i s i nt ended f or a wi de range
of ver sat i l e phot ogr aphy; i t i s used wi t h equal
success by ski l l ed amat eur phot ogr apher s, ca.
mer a men and sci ent i st s.
DESCRI PTI ON
The "Zorki -4" (Fi gs. I and 2) i s a compact
r ol l - f i l m mi ni camer a pr ovi ded wi t h a f l ash
synchr oni zer and a sel f - t i mi ng devi ce ( aut o-
mat i c r el easer ) .
The camer a uses a st andar d per i or at ed 35- mm
mot i on pi ct ure f i l m. The camera magazi ne ac-
commodat es 1. 65- m l engt h of f i l m, suf f i ci ent f or
maki ng 36 exposur es, t he pi ct ur e si ze bei ng
2a by 36 mm.
The camera i s f i t t ed wi t h coat ed l enses of
" Jupi t er - 8" , " JLl pi t er - 17" or
" l ndust ar - 5O" t ype-
The f ocal ' l engt h of t he l enses i s 5 cm.
The r el at i ve aper t ur e of t he
" Jupi t er - 8" and
" Jupi t er - 17" l enses i s I : 2 and t hat of t he" ' , ' l n-
dust ar - 50" l ens
-
I : 3. 5.
Camer a wor ki ng di st ance, i . e. di st ance f r om
l ens t o f i l m
-
28. 8 mm.
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Lens t hr ead f or scr ewi ng i n i s M39Xl .
Thread f or screwed-i n l i ght f i l t ers i s
CnM40.5 X 0.5.
Mount i ng di amet er f or sun-shades i s 42 mm.
The vi ew-f i nder and t he range-f i nder of t he
camera are combi ned i n t he common f i el d of
pect i ve of t he f ocal l engt h of t he i nt erchangeabl e
l ens t hat mi ght be used i n pl ace of t he camer a
l ens.
r
The camer a i s equi pped r vi t h a cur t ai n shut -
t qr provi di ng
f or i nst ant aneous speeds f rom
l / l 000t h of a second t o I second, as wel l as l ong
exposures.
OPERATI ON
Openi ng and Cl osi ng t he Camera
Undo' t he t wo but t ons of t he case, and f l ap t he
cover dgwn. Rot at e t he camera st and nut coun-
tercl ockwi se to unscrew i t from the camera
base pl at e, and dr aw t he camef a f r om t he case.
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Take- up Spool :
spr ocket ; 27
-
Fi g. 3. Posi t i on of Magazi ne and
21-magazi ne
26-l i l m transport
t ake- up spool
b
il
Fi e. 4.
28-svnchroni zati on
28
Fl ash Synchron i zer Set t i ng:
scal e set t i ng dot
;
2-synchron i zat i on
scal e
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'
Tur n t he camer a upsi de down, l i f t t he t wo
camer d l at ches I I on t he base pl at e r vi t h t he
f i nger nai l , and gi ve t hem hal f a' t ur n as f ar as
t hey wi l l go. Sl i de bacl < cover l T downrvards
al ong i t s gr ooves, and t hen r emove t he cover
f r om t he camer a.
Magazi ne 25
_(Fi g.
3) and t ake-up spool 2Z
ar e. f r eel y sel t ed i n t hei r r ecesses t r j ne easi l y
rvi t hdrarvn.
When openi ng t he cover, see t hat
t he. magazi ne and t al <e- up spool do not sl i p out
of t he camer ?
The f ur t her oper at i ons ( l oadi ng and unl oad-
i ng) ar e done ei t her by r ed l i ght or i n f ul l dar k-
ness, cl epen: l i ng on t he f i l m t ype.
Cut t he f i l m end shown i n Fi g. 6, and i nser t
i t i nt o one of t he spool sl : t : , f r om t he r i ' i cl er si de.
Wi l h t he spool hel d so t hat i t s head i s di r ect ed
backwar d, t he emul si on si de of t he f i l m shoul d
f ace downwar d
( l ' i e. 5. l - emul si on) .
'
Bend i he f i l m end appear i ng f r om t he ot her
si de of t he sl i t and pass i t i nt o t he second sl i t
f r om i t s nar r ower si de. Fol d t he r emai ni ng end
ol t he f i l m t hr i ce, and t i $ht en t he f i l m so t hat
t he bent end i s r , vedged i n t he sl i t ( Fi g. 5) .
Hol di ng t he spool wi t h i t s head di r ect ed
i nr var d r ol l f i l m on t o i t wi t h t he emul si on si de
f ai i ng t owar d t he spool st em by r ot at i ng t he
spool count er cl ockwi se.
Do' not at t empt t o pul l t he f i l m i f you wi sh
t o t i ght en af t er r ol l i ng on t he spool , as- : t hi s i s
l i abl e t o cause scr at ches on t he emul si on f ace of
t he f i l m.
The f i l m shoul d be hel d by i t s si des so t hat
no f i nger pr i nt s ar e l ef t on i t s emul si on si de.
I nsel r t i ne f i l m- l oaded spool i nt o t he i nner
casi ng so t hat t he spool head ent er s t he openi ng
i n t he casi ng bot t om. Pl ace t he i nner casi ng
i nt o t he out er casi ng, l eavi ng t he f i l m end f r ee.
Tur n t he i nner casi ng i n t he out er casi ng coun-
t ercl ockwi se (hol di ng t he magazi ne wi t h t he
spool head backward) unt i l t he magazi ne l ock
The camer a i s cl osed and r epl aced i n t he
r ever se or der . Upon i nser t i ng t he- camer a i n t he
case, t i ght en up t he camer a nut t o pr event an
acci dent al dr oppi ng- out of t he camer a and t o
cl ose t he case i ovJr wi t hout appl yi ng ; naru
f orce. Bef ore cl osi ng t he case cover, -set "t he l ens
at " @ " .
M agazi ne Loadi ng
The magazi ne 25 of t he "Zorki -
' ,
camera con-
si st s of out er casi ng, i nner casi ng and cent r al
spool .
. fo .op9n
and stri p the magazi ne, press the
ni ckel - pl at ed but t on and gi ve t he i nner casi ng
hal f a t ur n cl ockwi se t o al i gn t he si de cut out s
on t he i nner and out er casi ngs. Thi s done, t he
i nner casi ng and t he spool are easy t o remove.
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cl i cks. Whi l e doi ng t hi s, see t hat t he f r ee end
of t he f i l m does not si nk i n t he out er casi ng
al t oget her as t he i nner casi ng i s bei ng t ur nedl
Thi s done, t he magazi ne may be handl ed by
da yl i ght .
Camer a Loadi ng
The camer a may be l oaded wi t h f i l m by day-
! gl t t
( br i ght sunl i ght i s not r ecommehOea)
"
Bef or e l oadi ng see t o i t t hat t he dot on t he ca-
mer a t op sur f ace, t he dot on t he shut t er di -
sengagi ng r i ng and t he one on t he r el ease but t on
ar e al i gned.
Op. en_ t he camera and remove t he t ake-up
spool . Dr aw a l 0- cm l engt h of t he f i l m f r ee
end f rom t he magazi ne (Fi g. 6), and at t ach
i t t o t he t ake- up spool i nser t i ng i t under t he
Fi g. 5. Scheme of Fi l m Fi xi ng
l -emul si on
on Spool :
Fi g. 6. For m of Fi l m End Cut whi l e Loadi ng Camer a
-+
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o o o o o o o n o o o o o o o o o o o
l 0
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Fi g. 7. Fi l m I nser t i ng i nt o Spool
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spool spr i ng. Make sur e t hat t he f i l m edge cl ose-
l y f i t s t he spool f l ange. Fi g. 6 shows t he cut
end of t he f i l m, as i t i s done by t he Manuf ac-
t ur er .
I nser t t he magazi ne i nt o t he camer a so t hat
t he pi n' f i xi ng t he magazi ne i n t he camer a f i t s
i nt o t he r ecess i n t he magazr ne out er casi ng
pr oj ect i on. At t he same t i me, put t he t ake- up
spool on i t s dr i ver so t hat t he f i l m t r anspor t
spr ocket t eet h engage t he f i l m per f or at i on
( Fi g 3) .
Repl ace t he camer a back cover on i t s gui de
gr ooves, dr aw i t al l t he way up t o t he t op of t he
camer a body and push i t agai nst t he st op. Whi l e
doi ng t hi s, hol d t he per f or at ed l eader of t he
f i l m on t he spr ocket wi t h t he t humb of t he l ef t
hand. Gi ve t wo l at ches I I t hr ough hal f a r evo-
l ut i on, and swi ng t hem downwar ds.
Upon cl osi ng t he camer a back, t he magazi ne
opel s aut omat i cal l y t o l et t he f i l m f r eel y p" ass
t hrough t he magazi ne sl i t s wi t hout scrat chi ng
t he emul si on l ayer .
Set and r el ease t he shut t er t hr ee t i mes pr ess-
i ng but t on 2l af t er each shut t er set t i ng;
when doi ng So, wat ch whet her t he t ranspoi t
mechani sm oper at es and whet her r ever se t ake-
up knob 18 spi ns. I f t he r ever se t ake- up knob
f ai l s t o r evol ve, check t he camer a f or cor r ect
l oadi ng wi t h f i l m. However , i t shoul d be r emem-
t 2
ber ed t hat t he' f ai l ur e of t he knob t o r ot at e i s
al so l i kel y t o t ake pl ace dur i ng t he f i r st f ew
shot s i f t he magazi ne was l oaded wi t h a f i l m
much shor t er t han t he nor mal l engt h. I n t hi s
case, t he r ever se t ake- up l <nob wi l l begi n r ot a-
t i ng onl y when t he f i l m t ensi on on t he maga-
zi ne spool has become suf f i ci ent .
Rot at i ng t he pi ct ur e count i ng di al 23 i n any
di r ect i on ( hol di ng
i t by t he knur l ed sur f ace)
set t he
' { 0"
mar k of p; ct ur e count i ng di al
agai nst count i ng i ndex dot 22 on camer a t op
sur f ace 1.
Thi s done. t he camer a i s consi der ed l oaded.
Focussi ng
Focussi ng i s done i n t he f ol l owi ng manner :
l ooki ng t hr ough r ange- and vi ew- f i nder eye-
pi ece l 9 oper at e f ocussi ng l ever 8 l ocat ed
bel ow t he r ever se t al e- up knob t o obt ai n
bet t er f ocussi ng of t he vi ew- f i nder and t he
shar pest i mage of t he obj ect vi ewed. A doubl e
i mage of t he obj eet wi l l appear i n t he cent r e of
t he f i el d of vi ew, i n a r ect angul ar f i el d di f f er -
i ng i n col our f r om t he backgr ound. Tur n di st an-
ce scal e 9, t o super i mpose t he t wo i mages of
t he same obj ect . Thi s done, t he l ens i s accur at e-
l y set f or t he di st ance t o t he obj ect t o be phot o-
gr a phed.
When f ocussi ng, make sur e t hat t he obj ect
st ancl s i n t he cent r e of t he above ment i oned
t
l 3
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r ect angul ar f i el d, but not at i t s r i ght or l ef t
edge. Obj ect s havi ng shar p cont our s shoul d be
sel ect ed f or f ocussi ng.
The l ens di st ance may be set di r ect l y by
di st ance scal e 9 gr aduat ed i n met r es; i n t hi !
case, t he di st ance t o t he obj ect phot ogr aphed
shoul d be l <nown or measur ed bef or ehand.
The vi er v- i i nder combi ned u' i t h t he r ange-
f i nder i n t he common f i el d of vi ew, pr ovi des
f or si mul t aneous f r ami ng of t he scene phot o-
gr aphed. For cor r ect f r ami ng, br i ng your eye as
cl ose t o t he r ange- anci vi ew- f i nder evepi ece l g
as possi bl e and i nt o t he cent r e of i t so t hat t he
yel l oi , r , i sh- t i nt ed r ect angul ar f i el d i s i n t he cent r e
, of
t he r , i ew- f i nder f i el d. | Jon- obser vance of t hi s
condi t i on r esul t s i n wr ong f r ami ng of t he pi c-
t u r e.
The camer a vi ew- f i nder i s desi gned f or use
wi t h nor mal l enses havi ng 5- cm f ocal l engt h.
Al l ot her l enses r equi r e vi ew- f i nder s wi t h cor -
r espondi ng pi ct ur e f i el ds, or a mul t i f oc vi ew-
f i nder i nt ended f or use wi t h f i ve di f f er ent l enses
char act er i zed by di f f er ent f ocal l engt hs. At t ach-
ment vi ew- f i nder s ar e i nser t ed i n shoe 6
pr ovi ded on t he camer a t op sur l ace.
Exposure Speed Set t i ng
The r equi r ed exposur e speed i s set by ex-
posur e speed scal e 4 ( Fi g. I
) .
Fi gur es " 1" , " 2"
,
" 4" r " 9" , : ' 15" ,
r r 30" , , , 60r " r , 125, "
et c. mar ked
on t he exposur e speed scal e cor r espondi ngl y
l 4
i dent i f y l ; l l 2; I l 4; l / 8; 1/ 15; l / 30; l / 60; l l t 2St h,
et c.
. of a second. Exposur e speed may be hand-
cont r ol l ed r vhen t he scal e i s set at " B" .
Exposur e speeds ar e set onl y wi t h t he shut t er
f r l _l y set up ( by t ur ni ng shut t er speed di al 3) .
The shut t er speed di al may be t ur ned over
t he scal e onl y i n t he di r cct i on of f i gur es: " 1" ,
" 2" , " n" ,
. 9, , r r 15r " . 60r " , , 125, , t , , r 250r r , , , 500?r ,
" 1000" , l et t er " B" ,
f i gur e " 30"
and back agai n.
Rot at i on of t he di al i n t he i nt erval bet ween B0
t o I i s prohi bi t ed.
To set t he
1eq_ur1ed
shut t er speed, pul l up
shul t er speed di al 3 and t ur n i t unt i l t h^e i ndex
! i ne
pl ot t ed on t he di al comes al i gned wi t h t he
f i g' ur e on
l he
scal c denot i ng t he exposur e t i me
sel ect ed.
Rel ease i he cl i al and see t hat i t i s
f i xed i n t hi s posi t i on.
The shut l er speed di al must be set onl y i n a
f i xed posi t i on and wi t hout any pr essur e. f ni s
i 1
_
gspeci a l l y i mpor t ant when set t i ng t i mes
of l / 60 sec and mor e, as ot her wi se t hJ shut t er
can be damaged.
To avoi d damages by acci dent al shocks, i t i s
r ecommended
bef or e cl osi ng t he car r yi ng case
t o set t he shut t er speed di al t o a t i me ot t r er t han
bet ween l / 60 and I sec.
.
Changi ng t he shut t er speed di al posi t i on
wi t h
t he shut t er non- set up or - set t i ng i i t o a non-
f i xed posi t i on makes t he shut t er i ur t ai n cat ched
and t he shut t er wedged.
1'
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f
f a_n exposur e speed exceedi ng I sec i s r e.
qui r e. d, t he i ndex l i ne of t he shut Gr speed di al
shoul d be set opposi t e l et t er
, , B" .
I n i hi s posi -
t i on, t he shut t er st ays open as l ong as , ef eu. e
but t on 2l i s hel d depr essed. When consi -
. d. f ubl y_
del ayed exposur e i s needed, t he r el ease
but t on 2l must be secur ed i n t he depr essed posi _
l l on.
by t ur ni ng i t so t hat t he dot pr ovi ded
on
t he but t on moves t owar d l et t er unt i l a st op
i s r eached. To r el ease t he shut t er , t ur n t he buf -
t on i n t he opposi t e di r ect i on t o al i gn t he i ndex
dot s on t he but t on and camer a t of l sur f ace l .
I n or der t o avoi d f ai l ur e. of t he shut t er
mechani sm, i t i s i mpor t ant t hat t he above r ul es
shoul d be st r i ct l y f ol l owed. I t shoul d be al so
r emember ed t hat when exposur e speeds of l ;
l l 2; l l 4; l / B; l l l s and l / 6dt h of a
^second
ar e
used, shut t er speed di al 3 i s f i xed somewhat
hi gher as compar gd t o ot her shut t er speed set t -
i ngs. Mor e t han t hat , i n such cases, t i e shut t er
set t i ng r equi r es addi t i onal
ef f or t whi ch i s con-
sumed by. t he addi . t i onal del ayed- act i on mecha-
. ni : -
spr i ng; when t he shut i er speed di al i s
! . i ng
reset f or
' a
short er e"pot ui e t i me, t he
. del ayed- act i on
mechani sm i s hear d oper at i ng.
Shut t er Set t i ng and Fi l m Transport
The shut t er i s set by t ur ni ng shut t er set t i ng
knob 24 al l t he way cl ockwi se.
I 6
Whi l e t he shut l er i s bei ng set , t he f i l m i s
si mul l aneousl y { r anspor t ed f or t he next ex-
posur e, and pi ct ur e count i ng di al 23 advances
one di vi si on. The shut t er i s r el eased by depr ess-
i ng shut t er r el ease but t on 21.
N o t e. The shut t er r el ease but t on mi ddl e por t i on i s
provi ded u' i t h t aper t hread whi ch recei ves f l exi bl e rel ea-
ser .
Lens
The " Zor ki - 4" camer a nor mal l y oper at es
, , vi t h
I enses of 5- cm f ocal l engt h and 28. 8 r nm wor k-
i ng di st ance. The l ens openi ng degr ee ( di aph-
r agm) i s set by r ot at i ng r i ng 12 on t he l ens.
Lel s openi ng oper at i on shoul d t ake pl ace pr i cr
t o f ocussi ng.
Changi ng t he Lenses
Al l i nt er changeabl e l enses desi gned f or
camer as of , " Zor ki "
t ype can be scr ewed i nt o
t he l ens mount i ng of t he " Zor ki - 4" .
I t i s not advi sabl e t o r emove t he l ens f r om
t he camer a unl ess i t i s absol ut el v necessar v.
When i t i s r equi r ed t o scr ew out t he
" l ens
( f or exampl e, t o r epl ace i t wi t h anot her l ens
char act er i zed by a di f f er ent f ocal l engt h or r el a-
t i ve aper t ur e) , t he camer a l ens shoul d be f i r st
sct at t he shor t est di st ance obt ai nabl e ( t he
l ens
wi t h a i ocal l engt h of 5cm shoul d be set at I m
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by t he di st ance scal e) ; t hen t he. l ens i s r emoved
f r om t he camer a by t ur ni ng i t i n t he count er -
cl ockwi se di r ect i on. The l ens shoul d be un-
scr ewed ver y car ef ul l y i n or der t o avoi d damage
t o t he t hr ead. The camer a wi t h t he l ens r emoved
shoul d be pr ot ect ed agai nst penet r at i on oi dust
and ot her f or ei gn par t i cl es.
When scr ewi ng t he l ens i nt o t he camer a, t he
di st ance scal e shoul d be set at t he shor t est di s-
t ance.
I t shoul d be t aken i nt o consi der at i on t hat
any r epl acement of t he st andar d camer a l ens
cal l s f or adj ust ment of t he new l ens t o f i t t he
camer a.
Fl ash Synchroni zer
Use of f l ash bul bs r equi r es a devi ce synchr on-
i zi ng t he f l ash wi t h t he shut t er oper at i on. For
t hi s pur pose, t he " Zor ki - 4" camer a i s eq. ui pped
wi t h a synchr oni zer . When f l ash bul b ( or el ec-
t r oni c I l ash) ar e made use of , one end of t he
connect i ng cor d r unni ng f r om t he f l ash ki t
shoul d be pl ugged i nt o f l ash synchr oni zer
socket 16.
Si ngl e- act i on l amps ( f l ash bul bs) of di f f er ent
t ypes have di f f er ent par amet er s. One of t hese
par amet er s i s t he l amp i ner t i a, i . e. t he t i me
per i od whi ch passes bet ween t he moment t he
cont act s ar e ener gi zed and t he moment t he l amo
1g
' '
'
pr oduces about hal f t he maxi mum l umi nous en-
er gy i t i s capabl e of . Usual l y t hi s t i me i s cal l ed
t he hal f - peak t i me; i t i s measur ed i n mi l l i seconds
and speci f i ed i n t he f l ash l amp Cer t i f i cat e.
Thi s cer t i f i ed val ue shoui d be set on f l ash
synchroni zat i on scal e 2 by t urni ng t he scal e
unt i l t he cor r espondi ng f i gur e comes opposi t e
dot 28. Fi g. 4 shows t he synchroni zat i on mecha-
ni sm set t i ng f or a f l ash bul b wi t h a hal f - peal <
t i me amount i n g t o 25 mi l l i seconds.
When usi ng a mul t i pl e- act i on ( el ect r oni c)
f l ash, i t shoul d be r emember ed t hat t he hal f -
peak t i me of t hi s f l ash i s pr act i cal l y equal t o
zer o. Ther ef or e i n t hi s case " 0" of t he synchr o-
ni zat i on scal e 2 shoul d be set opposi t e dot 28
on t he camer a t op sur f ace.
The " Zor ki - 4" camer a i s pr ovi ded wi t h a
bl ocki ng devi ce whi ch pr ovi des f or i nst al l at i on
of t he bul b i n t he f l ash uni t , i r r espect i ve of
whet her t he shut t er i s set up or not , i . e. bef or e
or af t er shut t er set t i ng.
Synchroni zat i on scal e 2 i s set i rrespect i ve' of
, t he shut t er set t i ng, t oo.
The " Zor ki - 4" camer a may use onl y shut t er
speeds oi 1/ 30t h of a second and sl ower , and
hand- cont r ol l ed t i me exposur es " B" when phot o-
gr aphi ng wi t h ei t her f l ash bul bs or el ect r oni c
f l a sh.
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Fl ash phot ogr aphy wi t h t oo sl ow shut t er
speeds i s usual l y undesi r abl e as t oo l ar ge an
amount of unnecessar y l i ght ent er s t he camer a
( af t er t he f l ash) whi ch doubl es t he i mage of t he
phot ogr aphed obj ect on t he f i l m. Ther ef or e,
when t aki ng f l ash pi ct ur es, shut t er speed di al 3
shoul d be set at " 30" .
Sel f -Ti mi ng Devi ce (Aut omat i c
Rel easer)
The sel f - t i mi ng devi ce wi l l be used whenever
i t i s desi r ed t hat t he pi ct ur e shoul d be t aken
wi t h a del ay and wi t hout di r ect oper at i on by t he
phot ographer. Thus, when t he phot ographer i s
t aki ng hi s own pi ct ur e i n a gr oup por t r ai t , he
mount s and l ays t he camera, set s t he shut t er.
and t he sel f
- t i mi ng
devi ce; t hen t he phot o-
gr apher act uat es t he del ayed- act i on mechani sm
havi ng enough t i me t o t ake hi s pl ace i n t hg
gr oup t o be phot ogr aphed.
To s et t he aut omat i c r el easer f or
o p er a t i on set t he shut t er by means of shut -
t er set t i ng knob 24 and move del ayed- act i on
set t i ng l ever l 3 al l t he way count er cl ockwi se.
Then pr ess del ayed- act i on r el ease but t on 14
at t he desi r ed moment so t hat t he shut t er shoul d
be aut omat i cal l y r el eased wi t h a 9 t o l 5- second
del ay. Upon t he shut t er r el eased act i on, t he
del ayed- act i on set t i ng l ever wi l l r et ur n t o i t s
i ni t i al posi t i on.
20
The shut t er can be set wi t h t he aut omat i c
r el easer mechani sm bot h set and r el eased.
However , i t i s r ecommended f i r st t o set t he
shut t er and t he sel ect ed shut t er speed, and onl y
t hen t o wi nd up t he sel f - t i mi ng devi ce. To avoi d
undue wear of t he sel f - t i mi ng devi ce spr i ng, i t
i s r ecommended t o set i t up onl y when r equi r ed;
i n al l ot her cases i t shoul d be kept r el eased.
Shoul d t he shut t er speed di al be set opposi t e
l et t er " 8" , t he exposur e speed wi l l be not f ast er
t han one second wi t h t he sel f - t i mi ng devi ce set
i n oper at i on. As t hi s exposur e t i me var i es f or
di f f er ent camer as, i t i s advi sabl e t o check i t wi t h
t he ai d of a st opwat ch.
The sel f - t i mi ng devi ce of t he " Zor ki - " ca-
mer a can be oper at ed t oget her wi t h a f l ash uni t .
wr,.n
o,.o
u JIX' ii Jn
oi'J[l",,",
l . Load t he camer a. I f i t i s l oaded and seve-
r al exposur es have al r eady been made, l ook at
t he pi ct ur e count er t o see i f t her e i s unexposed
f i l m l ef t . Make sur e t he shut t er mechani sm i s
enga ged.
2. Remove t he cap f r om t he l ens. I f t he ca-
mer a has a sl i di ng l ens, pul l i t out and l ock i t
i n t he wor ki ng posi t i on.
3. Set t he l ens openi ng dependi ng on t he
dept h of f i el d desi r ed. I f necessar y, f i t a f i l t er or
l ens shade on t he l ens.
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4. When t aki ng f l ash pi ct ur es, connect t he
f l ash uni t t o t he camer a, check f or r el i abl e
pl uggi ng, and set t he f l ash synchroni zat i on
scal e as has been descr i bed above.
I f t he exposur e i s bei ng made wi t hout a f l ash
uni t , set
' (0"
of t he l ynchroni zat i on scal ' e
agai nst t he dot on t he camer a t op sur f ace.
5. Set t he shut t er by t ur ni ng t he shut t er - set t -
i ng knob f ul l y cl ockwi se.
6. Det er mi ne t he cor r ect exposur e and set t he
exposur e speed by pul l i ng t he shut t er speed di al
up and posi t i oni ng i t opposi t e t he desi r ed di vi -
si on. The di al shoul d si nl < down and be f i xed i n
t he sel ect ed posi t i on. The shut t er speed wi l l be
set onl y af t er set t i ng up t he shut t er mechani sm.
7. Obser vi ng t hr ough t he vi ew- and r ange-
f i nder eyepi ece, l ay t he camer a on t he obj ect t o
be phot ogr aphed. Take a posi t i on of f t he obj ect
t o obt ai n adequat e f r ami ng of t he phot ogr aphed
obj ect wi t hi n t he vi ew- f i nder f i el d.
8. Focus t he l ens oper at i ng t he r ange- f i nder
mechani sm.
9. Take t he shot by smoot hl y pressi ng t he
shut t er r el ease but t on t o avoi d j er ki ng
of t he
camer a.
The above ment i oned pr ocedur e i s t r ue f or
i nst ant aneous exposur es when t he camer a i s
hand- hel d and no f l exi bl e r el easer i s used.
When t aki ng pi ct ur es wi t h t he camer a i n t he
car r yi ng case, see t hat t he camer a cas/ ) cover
22
does not ' "get "' bet ween t he
' obj bct
and t he l ens,
Thi s i s vi t al when phot ogr aphi ng wi t h t he ca'
mer a hel d ver t i cal l y.
Thi s wi l l br i ng you success:
absol ut el y st abl e posi t i on of t he camer a;
cor r ect l y sel ect ed l ens openi ng and shut t er
speeds;
pr oper dept h- of - f i el d set t i ng.
The phot ogr aphi c l ens pr oduces di f f er ent l y
def i ned pr esent at i ons of obj ect s l ocat ed at va-
r i ous di st ances f r om t he l ens.
The di st ance t o t he obj ect i s measur ed al ong
t he l ens opt i cal axi s bet ween t he f i l m pl ane ( i n
pr act i ce, t he camer a back wal l ) and t he obj ect
pl ane per pendi cul ar t o t he l ens axi s. At ever y
l ens set t i ng, t he di st ance shown by t he i ndex
mar k agai nst scal e 9 cor r esponcl s t o t he shar pest
f ocussi ng condi t i ons. The obj ect s l ocat ed cl oser
or f ar t hei wi l l be def i ned l vi t h a di scer ni t y whi ch
i s ever - det er i or at i ng
as , t he cbj ect - f ocusi ng
pl ane
di st ance i ncr eases.
' ^N&; ; i n. i . r i ,
*i t t t cer t ai n l i mi t s t hi s pheno-
menon does not appr eci abl y af f ect t he pi ct ur e,
To det er mi ne t hese dept h l i mi t s, i t i s r ecom-
mended t o make use of dept h- of - f i el d scal e 10.
The scal e consi st s of pai r ed gr aduat i ons sym-
met r i cal l y spaced on ei t her si de of t he i ndex
mar k; t he gr aduat i ons ar e mar ked wi t h t he l ens
openi ng number s. Agai nst t hese gr aduat i ons on
di st ance scal e 9 wi l l be al ways. i ndi cat ed t wo
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di st ances wi t hi n whi ch al l obj ect s ar e pr esent ed
wi t h suf f i ci ent shar pness on t he pi ct ur e; t hese
t wo di st ances ar e cal l ed t he cl ose and f ar l i -
mi t s of dept h of f i el d.
For i nst ance. t he l ens i s f ocussed t o a 2- m
di st ance and l ens openi ng set t o " l 1" , t hen gr a-
duat i ons " l l " of scal e 10 wi l l be al i gned r vi t h
t wo di st ance posi t i ons of scal e 9 amount i ng t o
appr oxi mat el y 3 m and 1. 5 m. I n t hi s case, t he
i mage wi l l be suf f i ci ent l y shar p wi t hi n di st ances
r angi ng f r om 1. 5 t o 3 m.
Al l t he obj ect s st andi n, g cl oser t han 1. 5 m
qr
beyond 3 m wi l l appear out of f ocus i n t he pi c-
t ur e.
The f ar t hest l i mi t of dept h of f i el d may come
t o coi nci de wi t h t he
' (
oo " ( i nf i ni t y) mar k or
even pass beyond t he di st ance scal e r ange. I n
such cases, al l obj ect s conf i ned bet ween t he
cl ose l i mi t of t he dept h of f i el d and i nf i ni t y wi l l
st and shar p i n t he pi ct ur e. I t shoul d be r emem-
ber ed t hat t he dept h of f i el d i s r educed consi -
der abl y as t he l ens openi ng i s i ncr eased.
The wi der t he l ens openi ng and t he cl oser t he
shar p f ocussi ng pl ane. t o t he camer a, t he smal -
l er t he dept h of f i el d.
Camer a Unl oadi ng
Af t er maki ng appr oxi mat el y 36 exposur es,
shut t er set t i ng knob 24 wi l l resi st rot at i on and
24
st op t he shut t er oper at i on. Thi s i ndi cat es t hat
t he whol e of t he f i l m has been exposed and i t i s
t i me t o re-spool i t back t o t he magazi ne.
Cover t he l ens wi t h t he cap, and al i gni ng t he
.
dot on t he r el ease but t on wi i h t hat oi . ui r r . r u '
t op sur f ace I pr ess r el ease but t on 21.
Di seng. age t he shut t er set t i ng mechani sm by
l ur ni ng di sengagi ng r i ng 20 so- t hat i t s dot mo_
ves t owar d l et t er " n" unt i l a st op i s r eached.
Thi s done, pul l t he r ever se t ake- up l <nob up and
r ot at e i t i n t he di r ect i on oi i he ar r ow unt ' i l t he
f i l m i s r el eased f r om t he t ake- up spool ( t hi s i s
i ndi cat ed by. an i ncr ease of ef f br t
^
appl i ed f or
ext r act i ng t he f i l m f r om t he t ake- r i p spool ) .
Rcmol ' e t he camer a back cover .
. _
N o t e. Whi l e t he camer a l at ches ar e bei ng r el eased,
t he magazi ne i s aut omat i cal l y cl osed.
Remove t he magazi ne and keep' i t cl osed and
i nt act unt i l t he f i l m i s t o be devel oped.
rnechani sm
bv
ri ng 20 i n t h; )
dot s on t he r i ng
and r el ease t he
t he mechani sm-
or l oad t he ca-
Engage
.
t he shut t er set t i ng
r ot at i ng shut t er di sengagi ng
opposi t e
di rect i on t o al i gn t h-e
and camer a t op sur f ace l . Set
shut t er t o check t he work of
Repl ace t he camer a back cover ,
mer a wi t h a spar e ma gazi ne.
25
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CARE OF THE CAMERA
Pr ot ect t he camer a ( especi al l y t he l ens)
agai nst i mpact s,
j ol t s, dust , moi st ur e and shar p
t emperat urb f l uct uat i ons. Do not t ouch upon t he
l ens coat ed opt i cal sur f aces wi t h your f i nger s.
Coat ed opt i cal sur f aces may be damaged due
t o car el ess cl eani ng. To mi ni mi ze cl eani ng,
Pr e-
vent t he opt i cs f r om f oul i ng.
Keep
t he camer a i n t he car r yi ng casg wi t h
t he shut t er and t he sel f - t i mi ng devi ce r el eased.
Whenever
possi bl e, keep t he camera wi t h t he
l ens scr ewed i n; i sol at e t he camer a i nt er i or
I r om di r t . When not i n use, t he l ens shoul d be
capped.
Moi st ur e adver sel y af f ect s bot h t he mechani -
cal el ement s of t he camer a and, mor e So, t hg
coat ed surf aces of t he opt i cs; t heref ore, when
operat i ng t he camera,
\ . _. p
i t of f rai n or snow.
When ch-angi ng f rom col d t o warm ambi ent con-
di t i ons, do nof open t he camer a case i mmedi a-
t el y upon ent eri ng a warm room t o prevent
f oggi ng of t he exposed opt i cs. Let t he camer a
and"t h6 l ent warrn up wi t h t he camera case
cl osed.
Remember t hat t he camera i s a compl ex and
del i cat e i nst r ument , t speci al l y t he l ens.
The camer a may be adj ust ed or r epai r ed onl y
by hi ghl y qual i f i ed expert s. Any re-assembl y
and r e- adj ust ment of t he camer a shoul d be f ol -
l owed by a most t horough check-up t hereof .
Cl eani ng t he Coat ed Opt i cal Surl aces
Remove dust f rom coat ed opt i cal surf aces
wi t h cl ean, sof t f at l ess hai r br ush. I f no br ush i s
avai l abl e, use a st i ck ( mat ch) wi t h cot t on r vool
on i t or a cl ean, wel l - washed f l annel , cot t on or
cambr i c cl ot h; t hese shoul d be appl i ed car ef ul l y,
wi t hout undue pr essur e.
St ai ns ( such as f i nger - pr i nt s, f og t r aces, and
t he l i ke) shoul d be best removed wi t h a st i ck-
seat ed cot t on wool wad l i ght l y soaked i n rect i -
f i ed al cohol , pet r ol eum, sul f ur - based et her , or a
mi xt ur e of t hese. Cl ean t he opt i cal sur f aces i n
ci r cul ar movement s, gr adual l y passi ng f r om t he
l ens cent re t o t he peri phery. I f no cot t on wool
wad i s avai l abl e, oper at e wi t h a cl ean, wel l -
washed f l annel , cot t on or cambr i c cl ot h l i ght l y
soaked i n one of t he above ment i oned l i qui ds.
Remember
t hat any cot t on wool , cl ot h or f el t
may cont ai n har d par t i cl es whi ch can damage
t he coat i ng of t he opt i cal el ement , and even t he
gl ass. Ther ef or e, havi ng unf ol ded t he cl eani ng
cl ot h, appl y i t s i nner si de t o t he gl ass t o be
cl eaned.
I f t he l ens sur f ace coat i ng i s damaged, due
t o car el ess handl i ng of t he coat ed opt i cs or
l
d
.:
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a I ens wi l l con-
more cont rast
t he same t ype"
t hrough ot her reasons, st i l l such
duct more l i ght and produce a
i mage t han any uncoat ed l ens of
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NOT ES
CONTENTS
Purpose
Descr i pt i on
Oper at i on
3
3
+
4
8,
l l
l 3
l 4
l o
t 7
t 7
l 8
20
2l
24
26
27
29
Openi ng and Cl osi ng t he Camer a
Magazi ne Loadi ng
Camer a Loadi ng
Focussi ng
Exposur e Specd
Shut t er Set t i ng
Set t i ng
and Fi l m Tr anspor t
. ' ] - r
*
Lens
Changi ng t he Lenses
Fl asl -r Synchroni zer
Sel f - Ti mi ng Devi ce ( Aut omat i c
Rel easer )
Taki ng t he Pi ct ur e
Camer a Unl oadi ng
Care of t he Camera
Cl eani ng t he Coat ed Opt i cal Sur f aces
Compar at i ve Sensi bi l i t y Tabl e
a
30
t24V
Vneshtorgi zdat. Order No- &72944
&lt
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