THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SE 410a WIRELESS LANs AND WANs
Assignment # 1
(Solutions)

1. What is the received power (in dB) in free space of a signal whose transmit power
is 1W and carrier frequency is 2.4 GHz, if the receiver is at a distance of 1 mile
(1.6 km) from the transmitter? What is the path loss in dB?
2

L=
=

Path

Loss

in

dB=

4d
;

10 log10

d=

1.6km=1600

m;

c
3 10 8 m / s
=
f
2.4 10 9 Hz

Substituting values of d and we obtain L = 52.0642 dB Loss or

-52.0642 is the path loss.
Pr
Pr
= 10 5.20642 = 6.217 10 6 Pr = 6.217 10 6
10 log10 =-52.0642
P
t
Pt
W
2. A voice-grade channel of the telephone network has a bandwidth of 3.4 kHz. (a)
Calculate the information capacity of the telephone channel for a signal-to-noise
ratio of 35dB; (b) Calculate the minimum signal-to-noise ratio required to support
information transmission through the telephone channel at the rate of 9600 bits
per second.
C = B log 2 (1 + SNR ) bits/sec;
(a)
35dB=10 log10 SNR SNR = 3162.3 .
3
Therefore, C = 3.4 10 log 2 (1 + 3162.3) = 39.533 kbps
(b)
9600=3.4 10 3 log 2 (1 + SNR ) 2.8235=log 2 (1 + SNR )
1 + SNR = 2 2.8235 = 7.0789 . Therefore, SNR = 6.0789 = 8.4997 dB
3. (a) Find the average capacity in bits/sec that would be required to transmit a high
resolution B/W TV signal at the rate of 32 pictures per second, if the picture is
made up of 2x10 6 picture elements and 16 different brightness levels. All picture
elements are assumed to be independent and all levels have equal likelihood
occurrence. (b) For color TV, this system additionally provides for 64 different
shades of color. How much more system capacity is required for a color system
compared to B/W system?
(a) High Resolution B/W TV requires:
32 2 10 6 4 = 256 Mbps=The system capacity
(b) For Colour TV the system capacity is:
32 2 10 6 6 = 384 Mbps=System Capacity

4. Given a wireless bridge with 200mW of output power connected through a 100
foot cable with 6 dB loss to an antenna with 9 dBi of gain, what is the EIRP at the
antenna in dBm?
6 dB loss 3dB 3dB (Cable Loss)
9 dBi gain +3dB+3dB+3dB (Antenna Gain)
200mW is the input. Therefore, 200mW when comes out of the cable will
become 200mW/4= 50mW. 50mW through the antenna will yield 50mW
8=400mW = 26.0206dBm. Therefore, EIRP=26.0206dBm
5. It is desired to send a sequence of computer screen images over an optical fiber.
The screen is 480x640 pixels, each pixel is 24 bits. There are 60 screen images
per second. How much bandwidth is required?
Data Rate= 480 640 24 60 =442.368 Mbps.
Assuming 1 bps/Hz, the
bandwidth required is 442.368 MHz
6. How long does it take to transmit an 8 inch by 10 inch image by facsimile over an
ISDN B channel (64 kbps)? The facsimile digitizes the image into 300 pixels per
inch and assigns 4 bits per pixel. Current FAX machines go faster than this over
ordinary telephone lines. How do you think they do it?
The paper has 80 sq. inches, for a total of 7.2 10 6 pixels. Transmitting this
image at 4 bits/pixel requires 2.88 10 7 bits. At 64 kbps (ISDN B Channel),
transmission takes 450sec. Current FAX machines use 1 bit/pixel, which saves a
factor of 4, but these FAX modems operate at 1.44 kbps, not 64 k bps, so
transmitting a full page still takes 450 sec. The reason they appear to go faster is
that most pages are 95% white spaces and runlength encoding used removes it all.
7. Compare the delay in sending x-bit message over a k-hop path in a circuitswitched network and in a lightly loaded packet switched network. The circuit
setup time iss seconds, the propagation delay isd seconds per hop, the packet
size is p bits, and data rate is b bits per second. Figure out the conditions
under which a packet network has a lower delay.
For circuit switching: t c = s +

x
+ kd
b

For packet switching:

The last bit is sent at t = x / b . To get to the final
destination, the last packet must be retransmitted k 1 times by intermediate
nodes, each retransmission taking p / b sec, so the total delay is given by:
tp =

x
p
+ (k 1) + kd
b
b

Comparing the two delays, packet switching is faster if s > ( k 1)

p
b

8. A TDMA system operates at 100Mbps with a 2ms frame time. Assume that all
the slots are of equal length and that a guard time of 1 s is required between
slots. (a) Compute the efficiency of the system for the case of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50,
and 100 slots per frame; (b) Repeat (a) assuming a 100-bit preamble is required at

the start of each slot. Compute the efficiency of the system; (c) Graph the results
of (a) and (b).
(a) Let n = number of slots
For n = 1 , there is no guard time, and therefore the efficiency ( ) is
100%
For n >1, the efficiency is given by:
n 1s
= Efficiency = 1
2ms

2
0.999

5
0.9975

(b) Preamble time=

=1

10
0.995

20
0.990

1s
= 0.9995
2ms

= Efficiency = 1

2
0.998

100
0.950

100bits
= 1 sec , For n = 1 , the efficiency ( ) is
10 8 bits / sec

For n >1, the efficiency is given by:

50
0.975

5
0.995

Graph the values yourself.

10
0.990

n 2 s
2ms

20
0.980

50
0.950

100
0.90