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Nursing and Midwifery Review
Mezzanine Floor, GAVIEN Building, LANDCO Business Park, LEGAZPI City
TEL. 480-6842
MS Drills 02

Instructions:
1. Choose the best answer and shade the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
2. Avoid erasures or any form of alteration.
3. Use pencil in shading your answers.

1. A clients blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.25, PaC02 of 35 mm Hg, a PaO2 of 92 mm Hg, and an HCO3- of 19 mEq/L.
After analysis of these values, the nurse determines that the patient is experiencing
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Metabolic acidosis
2. The client with a history of lung disease is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. The nurse assesses this client for
which signs and symptoms characteristic of this disorder?
a. Bradycardia and hyperactivity
b. Decreased respiratory rate and depth
c. Headache, restlessness, and confusion
d. Bradypnea, dizziness, and paresthesia
3. The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of an assigned client and notes that the laboratory report that the
laboratory report indicates a pH of 7.30, PCO2 of 58 mmHg, PO2 of 80 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 26 mEq/L. The nurse interprets
that the client has which acid-base disturbance?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
4. The nurse identifies which set of blood gas values as consistent with a diagnosis of respiratory acidosis in a client?
a. pH 7.0; PCO2 43
b. pH 7.46; PCO2 38
c. pH 7.35; PCO2 44
d. pH 7.32; PCO2 48
5. The nurse must be alert for signs of respiratory acidosis in the client with emphysema, because this individual has a long-
term problem with oxygen maintenance and;
a. The carbon dioxide is not excreted
b. Hypervengtilation occurs, even if the cause is not physiologic
c. There is a loss of carbon from the bodys buffer pool
d. Localized tissue necrosis occurs as a result of poor oxygen supply to the area
6. A client is experiencing difficulty with edema and fluid overload. What nursing intervention would be the most accurate in
evaluating the clients fluid balance?
a. Assess skin turgor
b. Check for thirst
c. Evaluate changes in daily weight
d. Evaluate vital signs every 3 hours
7. On a nursing assessment, the nurse finds the clients to have flattened neck veins and cool, clammy skin. The nurse should
continue an assessment for what problem?
a. Hypovolemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypervolemia
8. Which assessment data should the nurse anticipate when admitting a client with an extracellular fluid excess?
a. Elevated hematocrit
b. Rapid, thready pulse
c. Distended jugular veins
d. Increased serum sodium
9. Which finding suggests the interventions for a client with an excess fluid volume have been effective?
a. Normal potassium
b. Clear breath sounds
c. Positive pedal pulses
d. Increased urine specific gravity
10. What adaptations should the nurse expect a client with hyperkalemia to exhibit?
1. Tetany
2. Diarrhea

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3. Weakness
4. Seizures
5. Dysrhythmias
a. 1, 3, 5
b. 2, 4
c. 2, 3, 5
d. 3 only
11. Potassium chloride, 20 mEq, is to be added to the IV solution of a client in diabetic ketoacidosis. The primary purpose for
administering this drug is:
a. Treatment of hyperpnea
b. Prevention of flaccid paralysis
c. Replacement of excessive losses
d. Treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias
12. The primary characteristic of hypernatremia is:
a. Edema
b. Thirst
c. Kussmaul breathing
d. Abdominal distention
13. A client with hyponatremia has serum sodium levels of:
a. 135 mEq/L
b. 120 mEq/L
c. 145 mEq/L
d. 150 mEq/L
14. Which of the following findings in the ECG tracing is specific to hypokalemia?
a. Flat T waves
b. Depressed ST segments
c. Elevated U wave
d. None of the above
15. The nurse is caring for a client with hypokalemia. She should administer the IV K
+
:
a. Intramuscularly
b. Through IV push
c. Using an infusion pump
d. Subcutaneously

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