and ) ( lim
0
x f
x
+
. [4]
(b) Determine whether f is continuous at 0. [1]
(c) Sketch the graph of ). (x f y = [2]
2. Show that the tangent at the point ) , (
3
t t on the curve
3
x y = has the equation
) 2 3 (
2
t x t y = . Prove that the tangents to the curve
3
x y = at the points ) , (
3
t t and
) , (
3
t t are parallel. [6]
3. Use the substitution u tan = t to show that
} }
=
dt
t
d
2 2
1
1
1 cos 2
1
u
u
.
Hence, show that ( ) 3 2 ln
2
1
1 cos 2
1
6
0
2
+ =
}
t
u
u
d . [10]
4. Find the integrating factor for the differential equation x x y
dx
dy
3
cos cot = + . Solve
the differential equation, given that 0 = y when t
4
1
= x . [9]
5. Use the series expansions given below to show that u u
u
sin cos i e
i
+ = .
.....
!
.....
! 2
1
2
+ + + + + =
r
x x
x e
r
x
.....
)! 2 (
) 1 ( .....
! 4 ! 2
1 cos
2 4 2
+ + + =
r
x x x
x
r
r
.....
)! 1 2 (
) 1 ( .....
! 5 ! 3
sin
1 2 5 3
+
+
+ + =
+
r
x x x
x x
r
r
[5]
6. The diagram below shows the graph
2 2
2 x y + = in the first quadrant. The region R
is bounded by the curve, the axes and the line 1 = x . Use the trapezium rule with 5
ordinates to estimate the area of R, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
State with a reason, whether the estimated area of R is greater or less than the exact
value. y [8]
R
x
Section B [15marks]
Answer any one question in this section.
7. Find the turning point(s) of the graph
x
e x y
2 2
) 1 ( = . Sketch the graph, showing clearly the
turning point(s), the point(s) of inflexion (you need not find the y-coordinates here). Indicate
the behaviour of the graph as x . Label the point(s) of inflexion as A and B.
If 0 ) 1 (
2 2
= k e x
x
has 3 distinct real roots, what are the values of k?
[15]
8. (a) Using Maclaurin theorem, show that if x is so small that x
6
and higher power of x may be
neglected,
5 4 3 2
) 1 ln(
5 4 3 2
x x x x
x x + + = + .
Deduce that for such values of x, )
5
1
3
1
( 2
1
1
ln
5 3
x x x
x
x
+ + = |
.
|
\
|
+
. [8]
(b) Show that the equation
x
e x + =1 cot 2 can be written as
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
x
e
x
1
2
tan
1
.
Use 7 . 0
1
= x and the iterative formula
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
n
x
n
e
x
1
2
tan
1
1
to find this root correct
to 2 decimal places. [7]
********************GOOD LUCK********************
MARKING SCHEME:
1.(a)
>
<
=
0 ,
0 , 0
) (
x x
x
x f
0 ) ( lim
0
=
x f
x
0 ) ( lim
0
=
+
x f
x
(b) yes, because =
) ( lim
0
x f
x
0 ) ( lim
0
=
+
x f
x
(c)
2.
3
x y =
2
3x
dx
dy
=
at the point ) , (
3
t t ,
2
3t
dx
dy
=
the equation of the tangent is ) ( 3
2 3
t x t t y =
) 2 3 (
2
t x t y =
at the point ) , (
3
t t ,
2
) ( 3 t
dx
dy
=
= 3t
2
since gradient at the points ) , (
3
t t and ) , (
3
t t is the same, so the tangents are parallel.
3. u tan = t
u
u
2
sec =
d
dt
=
u
2
cos
1
=
2
2
1
1
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ t
=
2
1 t +
2
1 t
dt
d
+
= u
2 2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1 cos 2
1
t
dt
t
d
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
} }
u
u
=
}
+
+
+
2
2
2
1
1
) 1 ( 2
1
t
dt
t
t
=
}
+
+
2 2
2
1 1
1
t
dt
t
t
=
}
dt
t
2
1
1
(shown)
let
2 2 2
1 1 1
1
t
B
t
A
t
+
+
=
y
x
) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 t B t A + + =
2
1
, 1 = = B t
2
1
, 1 = = A t
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
t t t 1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
when
3
3
,
6
= = t
t
u
0 , 0 = = t u
} }
=
3
3
0
2
6
0
2
1
1
1 cos 2
1
dt
t
d
t
u
u
=
}
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
3
3
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
dt
t t
=
| | ) 1 ln( ) 1 ln(
3
3
0
2
1
t t +
=
(
+
+
+
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
ln
2
1
= ) 3 2 ln(
2
1
+
4.
}
=
xdx
e I
cot
=
}
dx
x
x
e
sin
cos
=
x
e
sin ln
= sinx
x x x y
dx
d
3
cos sin ) sin ( =
}
= xdx x x y
3
cos sin sin
=
}
xdx x
3
cos sin
c
x
x y + =
4
cos
sin
4
when t
4
1
, = = x o y
16
1
= c
16
1
4
cos
sin
4
+ =
x
x y
5.
4 3 2
24
1
6
1
2
1
1 x x x x e
x
+ + + + = +
....... ) (
24
1
) (
6
1
) (
2
1
) ( 1
4 3 2
+ + + + + = u u u u
u
i i i i e
i
= .....
24
1
6
1
2
1
1
4 3 2
+ + + u u u u i i
= .....)
6
1
( ......)
24
1
2
1
1 (
3 4 2
+ + + u u u u i
= u u sin cos i +
6. 25 . 0
4
0 1
=
= h
x 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1
2
2 x y + =
1.4142 1.4361 1.5000 1.6008 1.7321
area of R = ] 7321 . 1 ) 6008 . 1 5 . 1 4361 . 1 ( 2 4142 . 1 )[ 25 . 0 (
2
1
+ + + + = 1.53
estimated area > exact value since area of trapezium > area under the curve y
7.
x
e x y
2 2
) 1 ( =
) 1 )( 1 ( 2 . 2 . ) 1 (
2 2 2
+ = x e e x
dx
dy
x x
= ) 1 ( 2
2
x xe
x
when , 0 =
dx
dy
) 1 ( 2
2
x xe
x
= 0
0 = x or 1 = x
when
0 , 1
1 , 0
= =
= =
y x
y x
the turning points are (0, 1) and (1, 0)
) ( 2
2 2
x x e
dx
dy
x
=
x x
e x x x e
dx
y d
2 2 2
2
2
4 ). ( ) 1 2 .( 2 + =
= ) 1 2 ( 2
2 2
x e
x
when 0 , 0
2
2
< =
dx
y d
x , (0, 1) is a maximum point
when , 1 = x 0
2
2
>
dx
y d
, (1, 0) is a minimum point
when 0
2
2
=
dx
y d
, 0 ) 1 2 ( 2
2 2
= x e
x
since 0
2
=
x
e , 0 1 2
2
= x
2
1
= x
when + + y x ,
0 , y x
0 ) 1 (
2 2
= k e x
x
k e x
x
=
2 2
) 1 (
k y =
since 0 ) 1 (
2 2
= k e x
x
has 3 distinct real roots,
the set of values of k = } , 1 0 : { 9 e < < k k k
8.(a) let 0 ) 0 ( ), 1 ln( ) ( = + = f x x f
1 ) 0 ( ' ,
1
1
) ( ' =
+
= f
x
x f
1 ) 0 ( ' ' ,
) 1 (
1
) ( ' '
2
=
+
= f
x
x f
2 ) 0 ( ' ' ' ,
) 1 (
2
) ( ' ' '
3
=
+
= f
x
x f
6 ) 0 ( ,
) 1 (
6
) (
4
4
4
=
+
= f
x
x f
24 ) 0 ( ,
) 1 (
24
) (
5
5
5
=
+
= f
x
x f
.....
6
) 0 ( ' ' '
2
) 0 ( ' '
) 0 ( ' ) 0 ( ) (
3 2
+ + + + = x
f
x
f
x f f x f
5 4 3 2
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
) 1 ln( x x x x x x + + = +
) 1 ln( ) 1 ln(
1
1
ln x x
x
x
+ = |
.
|
\
|
+
= + + )
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
(
5 4 3 2
x x x x x ] ) (
5
1
) (
4
1
) (
3
1
) (
2
1
[
5 4 3 2
x x x x x + +
=
5 3
5
2
3
2
2 x x x +
= )
5
1
3
1
( 2
5 3
x x x +
(b)
x
e x + =1 cot 2
2
1
cot
x
e
x
+
=
x
e
x
+
=
1
2
tan
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
x
e
x
1
2
tan
1
7 . 0
1
= x
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
7 . 0
1
2
1
2
tan
e
x =0.5859
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
5859 . 0
1
3
1
2
tan
e
x =0.6208
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
6208 . 0
1
4
1
2
tan
e
x = 0.6102
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
6102 . 0
1
5
1
2
tan
e
x = 0.6134
61 . 0 = x (2 d.p)