Industrial age A

Example of iconic photographs from the 18-1900s

Inventions and new developments in style and use of photography



Name 3 major fine art movements of the 19
th
century.
Three major art movements of the 19
th
century are:
Romanticism:
Conversely, the art from the
Romanticism movement was based on
emotion rather than rationale, and placed an
emphasis on the individual rather than on
society. These works are characterized by a
brighter use of color and expressive
brushstroke, and were meant to evoke
emotion. The work shown below, called
Collision of Moorish Horsemen, is a good
example of several characteristics of this type
of art.





Impressionism:
The Romanticism movement was the forerunner to
the Impressionist movement which, at the time, was
a group of radical artists breaking the traditional
standards of painting. Named for Claude
Monets Impression, Sunrise, this type of painting
was characterized by loose, quick brush strokes, a
focus on ones immediate impression of a scene,
elimination of chiaroscuro, and painting en plein
air, or outside.



Neoclassicism:
Paintings created in the Neoclassic style reflect the
rational way of thinking that was a significant part of the
Enlightenment of 18
th
century Europe. This intellectual
movement emphasized reason and drew from classical
Greek and Roman style and content. Art that is
considered part of the Neoclassicism movement can be
identified by its idealized forms and stable composition.





The Impressionist movement was partially due to a new invention: the photograph. For centuries
painters worked hard to master techniques to get the most realistic results achievable. However, with
the invention of cameras and photographs being capable of producing exact replicas of an image,
painters gained greater freedom. Artists were no longer the only persons who could record an image
and could choose to focus on mainly on something in their art besides realistic replication. Impressionist
artists were influenced by the invention of the camera, mostly because it allowed them to utilize
cropped off composition. Another unique factor is that It also showed the tonal effects of light and dark
in much greater detail; thereby making it easier for artists to capture the tone in their compositions.




LITHOGRAPHY & THE ROTARY LITHOGRAPHIC PRESS
Influences on the graphics arts.

Thanks to ease of production and economical distribution, it did not take long for lithography to find a
broad range of applications in art and commerce. As a means of multiplying drawings, it was embraced
by portraitists and illustrators, especially those associated with the popular press and it proved effective
means of graphic invention for many of the period's greatest artists.


Early in the century, Romantic painters such as Thodore Gericault and Eugne Delacroix came to
appreciate the shifts of tone that could be achieved with lithography: stirring, dramatic effects like those
produced with charcoal or black chalk. Some of the Impressionists used the medium to capture fugitive
effects of weather or light. James McNeill Whistler, an American who made his career in Europe, used
the medium to capture the subtle grays of a seascape veiled in fog and Edgar Degas explored the varied
forms of natural and artificial lighting at night. Near the end of the nineteenth century, similarly artful
manipulations of black and white characterized the work of Symbolists searching for the means to evoke
the world of dreams and the unconscious.


When improvements in printing technology made it possible to add color to lithography and increase
the size of the printing base, commercial possibilities ballooned. Advertising was revolutionized in the
1880s and 1890s by the production of bright mural posters and art collectors began to enjoy a greater
range of offerings in color prints and illustrated book.
Examples