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MASTER PLANNER

Tomas Mapua
- his most enduring contribution is the Mapua institute of Technology,
which is the oldest architectural school in the country
- the first registered architect in the Philippines and worked with the
Bureau of Public Works
- best works:
1 De La Salle University ! classical re"i"alist influences
# Nurses Home at the Philippine $eneral %ospital compound
! &talian renaissance
Andres Luna de San Pedro
- the son of the great 'ilipino painter (uan )una
- best works:
1 Legarda Elementary Scool ! 'rench renaissance
# Ra!ael "ernande# House ! 'rench renaissance and official
residence of *ora+on ,-uino during her presidency
. Pere#$Samanillo %uilding ! art deco and modern style
/ &rystal Arcade ! art deco and modern style, precursor of
the modern-day shopping mall
0 Per'ins House ! also known as 12l 3ido4 5The 3est6,
awarded first pri+e in Manila7s 18#0 %ouse Beautiful *ontest
(uan Na'pil
- the first architect to be conferred the 3ational ,rtist award in 189. for
1: his outstanding talents and ser"ices in creating edifices, both pri"ate
and public, that are conceptually well designed and conscientiously
e;ecuted4
- dictum 1 less in more4
- best works:
1 )ue#on *nstitute ! superimposed a nati"e touch on the art
deco fa<ade through the high-pitch roof in the central
building
# Te Ever Teater ! the first to use glass as prominent
architectural material
Pa+lo Antonio
- best works:
1 Pilippine National %an'
,- Manila Railroad &ompany
.- "ar Eastern University
Leandro Locsin
- the poet of space, known for his lyrical articulation of space as defined
by stark modernity, spatial purity, e;pansi"e strength, distinct outlines
and straightforward geometry
- he produced 91 residences, =1 buildings and sultanate palace
- best works:
1 University o! te Pilippines &atolic &apel
# St- Andre/ &urc in Bel-,ir, Makati
. &ultural &enter o! te Pilippines
0- Pilippines *nternational &onvention &enter
1- "ol' Arts Teater
> National Arts &enter on Mt Makiling
9 Ninoy A2uino *nternational Airport terminal To/er 3ne
in ,yala
4- Mandarin Hotel
- most impressi"e work:
1 *stana Nurul *man 5Palace of ?eligious )ight6 ! the palace
of the @ultan of Brunei, which reinterprets traditional &slamic
@outheast ,sian motifs based on a modernist idiom
"rancisco Ma5osa
- best work:
1 Taanang "ilipino 5*oconut Palace6 ! a lu;urious
guesthouse at the **P *omple; &t showcased a double
roof reminiscent of the salakot 5a wide brimmed hat6 and
swing-out 5naka-tukod6 window borrowed from the bahay
kubo
(uan Arellano
- best works:
1 Legislative %uilding 5now the 3ational Museum6 on
,grifina *ircle ! neoclassicism
# Post 3!!ice %uilding at )iwasang Bonifacio
. Metropolitan Teater ! colorist art deco, considered as the
+enith of ,rt Aeco aesthetics in the Philippines, e;terior and
interior e;hibit locally mediated approaches such as detailing
: tropical fruits and flora motifs, bamboo banister railings,
car"ed banana and mango ceiling relief, and Batik mosaic
patterns
SPAN*SH AR&H*TE&TURE
%AHA6 NA %AT3
- brought about 18
th
century by the changes in society and economy
- . possi+le origins
1 %AHA6 7U%3 ! pointed roof, concept of space 51space surrounded by
space:46 and "entilation 5wide window6, 1silong4, open plan
# TR*%AL LEADERS H3USE ! strong constructionB spacious with many
furniture and roomsB elaborate decorationB best materials
. &3N8ENT3S ! adCacent to the church, permanence spaciousnessB may
ha"e been the local models of lu;ury and prestige
- earth-uake proof : resting on wooden posts mortised on stone, buried on the ground to
1dance4 with the earth-uake
- the P2,D of nati"e Philippine architecture : made the bahay kubo bigger and more
e;tra"agant but retained its character
- 9: areas
1 ;R3UND "L33R ! made of coral stones, adobe or rubbleB with small
windowsB area include:
a #aguan ! for caruaCes, grains
b 2uadra ! stables
c +odega ! old caro+as, grains
d entrasuelo ! me++anine where the "aluables are kept, may also
house offices or additional dwelling units
e patio ! enclosed courtyard
# &EREM3N*AL STA*R<A6 ! first three step 5descan#o6 made of marble
tilesB landing with bastoneraB remaining steps are made of narra
. L*8*N; SPA&ES ! wide double doors may be opened to connect the spaces
and create a large hall
a antesala or caida ! for ac-uaintancesB spacious hall separated by
callado
b sala ! for friends and intimatesB di"ided by mo"able screens or
biombo
c +edrooms 5-uarto or silid6 ! usually threeB contains four-posted
beds, armories, chestsB @,3TE@ with i"ory heads and hands are
placed at the master bedroom
d comedor ! dining areaB plateria and long table
/ &3&*NA ! kitchenB contains the paminggalan 5food cabinet6 and dispensa
5rice storage6
0 &3M3N or LATR*NA ! toilet, sometimes with two-passenger water closet
> %A=3 or PAL*;UAN ! bathroom
9 AL&38A ! additional -uartos
= 83LADA ! flying gallery o"er the +aguanB protects the interior from heat and
rain
8 A>3TEA ! open terrace of stone and ceramic placed near the kitchenB with a
cistern for gathering rain water
1F %AL&3N ! terrace in the li"ing room, Cutting out of the house
- distinctive !eatures
1 PERS*ANA ! large windows with slats co"ered with capi+ to filter lightB
uni-ue in @outheast ,sia
# 8ENTAN*LLA ! small windows usually at lower portion of the wall
. &ALLAD3 ! open woodwork or traceryB fi;ed o"er a window or placed as
space di"iders
/ %ARAND*LLAS ! wrought iron traceries on the wall
0 %AN;;ERA ! where the dishes are kept
- regional di!!erences
2;amples:
1 *L3&3S ! sober architectureB Gigan houses are entirely made of bricks,
pilasters embedded on sides, dignified without too much decoration
# &E%U ! e;pansi"e, ground floor made of huge coral stones
. S3UTHERN TA;AL3; ! 1airy4 @econd flanges o"er the walls of the
ground
M*L*TAR6 AR&H*TE&TURE
- forts and fortresses constructed by @panish friars as a defense against Moro pirates
1 REAL "UER>A DE SANT*A;3 5'ort @antiago6 ! 1srine o! !reedom4, designed by
"ater Antonio &edeno, with Diego (ordan as engineer
# *NTRAMUR3S ! famous /alled city /itin a cityB se"en gatesB completed 1=9#B
made of bricks and hard adobe from the Pasig ?i"er -uarriesB wall are /0 ft thick and
rise #0 ft abo"e the moatB structures inside the city include:
a "ort Santiago
b San Agustin &urc
c- &onvent
LATE SPAN*SH PER*3D
- arcitectural development
1 roofs at /0 degrees gradient or less
# use of bricks, limestone, hardwood, capi+ shells 5$& sheets and clay tiles or 1tisa4
were imported6
. elaborate lace-like grillwork 51=9F7s6
/ transoms with floral and foliate scroll work 51=8F7s6
0 1=8F7s ,rt 3ou"eau brought swirling "ines and flowers for staircase balustrades,
etched or colored glass panels replaced capi+
> emergence of 'ilipino and foreign architects working in the Philippines
a "EL*? R3?AS ! first 'ilipino architectB ser"ed as architect to the Manila
go"ernmentB studied in 2ngland and @pain
b (UAN HER8AS ! a *atalan who was one of the @panish architects in"ited to
reconstruct Manila after the earth-uake of 1=>. and 1==F
9 churches
a Sto- Domingo &urc, &ntramuros
b San *gnacio, &ntramuros ! first church designed by a 'ilipino architect
c San Se+astian &urc, Manila ! only $othic church in the Philippines
= brides
a "uente de Espana ! first bridge to span the Pasig ?i"er linking &ntramuros
and Binondo
b &olgante %ridge ! suspension bridgeB only for pedestriansB framework of
iron imported from 2ngland
AMER*&A PER*3D
- arcitectural development
1 a 1regime4 of reinforced concrete and gal"ani+ed iron
# 3eo-*lassical styles
. DAN*EL %URNHAM ! commissioned by ;ov- ;eneral <-H- Ta!t to draft the Master
Plan for Manila and go"ernment buildings 5,gri-'inance Building, @enate Building,
among others6
/ MASTER %U*LDERS 51maestro de o+ras46 ac-uired title either from practical
e;perience or completed academic training of Master Builder7s course
0 L*&E3 DE MAN*LA ! first school to open three year course in architecture
> T3MAS MAPUA ! first licensed architectB established the second school 5followed
by H@T and ,damson6
9 MAS3N*& TEMPLE, 2scolta ! first multi-storey reinforced concrete building in the
Philippines
= &HALET ! suburban houseB simple design with "erandah in front or around the
houseB middle-class
8 18.F7s ! continued urban de"elopmentB emergence of multi-storey, multi-family
dwellings and commercial structuresB distinct simplification of lines, emphasis on
"erticalityB other architects contradicted the trend by putting hori+ontal strips of glass
window
P3ST$<AR AR&H*TE&TURE
- mediocre design, uncontrolled and hasty rebuilding only resurrected old designs
- commercial building drew inspiration from contemporary architecture in the West
- de"elopment of community planning
- %UN;AL3< ! introduced in 18/=B one-storey house with wide picture windows, a lanai
and a carport for up to three cars
- modern architecture with a renewed interest in 'ilipino motifs
a use of pointed roofs, lattices, screens, wood car"ings
b architecture of LEANDR3 L3&S*N and "RAN&*S&3 MAN3SA

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