0 penilaian0% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (0 suara)
27 tayangan17 halaman
MSR is one of six Generation IV concepts - only liquid-fueled reactor selected. Thorium-based MSR produces wastes with a very low actinide content (reduced waste management burden) Unique capability to burn actinides - New technology.
MSR is one of six Generation IV concepts - only liquid-fueled reactor selected. Thorium-based MSR produces wastes with a very low actinide content (reduced waste management burden) Unique capability to burn actinides - New technology.
MSR is one of six Generation IV concepts - only liquid-fueled reactor selected. Thorium-based MSR produces wastes with a very low actinide content (reduced waste management burden) Unique capability to burn actinides - New technology.
Hi gh-Temper at ur e Reac t or Tec hnol ogy Charles Forsberg 1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Per Peterson University of California at Berkeley HaiHua Zhao University of California at Berkeley 1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6165 Tel: 865-574-6783; E-mail: forsbergcw@ornl.gov 2:30 p.m.; June 14, 2004 2004 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants Embedded Topical: 2004 American Nuclear Society Annual Meeting American Nuclear Society Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania June 1317, 2004 The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. File name: ICAPP.2004.MSR.View 2 Ther e i s Renew ed I nt er est i n MSRs Bec ause of Changi ng Goal s and New Tec hnol ogi es (Si nc e 1970) MSR is one of six Generation IV concepts Only liquid-fueled reactor selected Original basis for development Thorium-cycle breeder reactor ( 232 Th + n 233 U) Backup for the liquid-metal breeder reactor program Program cancelled Decision to develop only one type of breeder reactor As a breeder reactor, MSR has a low breeding ratio, slightly above one Basis for renewed interest Thorium-based MSR produces wastes with a very low actinide content (reduced waste management burden) Breeder with low breeding ratio is acceptable Unique capability to burn actinides New technology (Subject of this talk) Reduces cost Reduces technical challenges 3 Mol t en Sal t Reac t or 4 Molten Salt Reactors 02-122R Chemical Processing Reactor Application (Dependent upon goals) Heat Exchanger Reactor Graphite Moderator Secondary Salt Pump Off-gas System Primary Salt Pump Purified Salt Coupled to Reactor Separate Facility (Collocated or off-site) Freeze Plug Critically Safe, Passively Cooled Dump Tanks (Emergency Cooling and Shutdown) Electricity (Helium/Gas Turbine) or Hydrogen (Thermochemical) NaBF 4 _ NaF Coolant Salt Fuel Salt Breeder Converter (CR~0.9) Waste Burner 5 Mol t en Sal t Reac t or s Wer e Devel oped i n t he 1950s and 1960s Mol t en Sal t Reac t or s: Fuel Di ssol ved i n Cool ant Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Program ORNL Aircraft Reactor Experiment: 2.5 MW; 882C Fuel Salt: Na/Zr/F INEEL Shielded Aircraft Hanger Molten Salt Breeder Reactor Program ORNL Molten Salt Reactor Experiment Power level: 8 MW(t) Fuel Salt: 7 Li/Be/F Clean Salt: Na/Be/F Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers 6 The Mol t en Sal t Reac t or Ex per i ment Demonst r at ed t he Conc ept 1960s Goal: Breeder Base technology established Todays Option Actinide burning New requirements Changes in the base technology Hours critical 17,655 Circulating fuel loop time (hours) 21,788 Equiv. full power hrs w/ 235 U fuel 9,005 Equiv. full power hrs w/ 233 U fuel 4,167 MSRE power = 8 MW(t) Core volume <2 cubic meters 7 Thr ee Tec hni c al Devel opment s May Dr amat i c al l y I mpr ove MSR Vi abi l i t y (Tec hnol ogi es Bei ng Devel oped f or Hi gh-Temper at ur e Reac t or s) Brayton power cycles (aircraft derived) Compact heat exchangers (chemical industry) Carbon-carbon composite components and heat exchangers 8 Br ayt on Pow er Cyc l e 9 Molten Salt Reactor 02-131R2 Reactor Multi-Reheat Helium Brayton Cycle Heat Exchanger Reactor Graphite Moderator Secondary Salt Pump Off-gas System Primary Salt Pump Chemical Processing (Collocated or off-site) Freeze Plug Critically Safe, Passively Cooled Dump Tanks (Emergency Cooling and Shutdown) Coolant Salt Fuel Salt Purified Salt Hot Molten Salt Cooling Water Generator Recuperator Gas Compressor 10 Br ayt on Cyc l es El i mi nat e Mul t i pl e Tec hni c al Chal l enges of t he MSR Simplified tritium control Tritium in fuel salt may diffuse into power cycle via hot heat exchangers Tritium in steam cycle is difficult to manage Tritium in a dry Brayton cycle is easy to remove in the cold sections of the cycle No salt interactions if a heat- exchanger failure occurs Steam and salt slowly react Helium or nitrogen does not react with salt Higher efficiency High temperatures match salt properties (avoid freezing) Brayton cycles match preferred salt temperatures Above: GE Power Systems MS7001FB Left: GT-MHR Power Conversion Unit (Russian Design) 11 Sc al ed Compar i son of t he 1380-MW(e) ABWR Tur bi ne Bui l di ng and ~1300-MW(e) MSR MSR turbine building must also contain crane, turbine lay-down space, compressed gas storage, and cooling water circulation equipment MSR requires ~1100 MW(t) of cooling water capacity, compared with 2800 MW(t) for ABWR; no low-pressure turbines (steam) Advanced helium Brayton cycles can likely achieve a substantial reduction of the turbine building volume ABWR Helium-Brayton Cycle with Three Power Conversion Units (Similar to GT-MHR) 12 Compac t Heat Ex c hanger s 13 Compac t Heat Ex c hanger s May Reduc e Fuel Sal t I nvent or y by Up t o Hal f MSRs of the 1970s used tube-and-shell heat exchangers New compact heat exchangers have been demonstrated Temperatures to 900C Large units >1000 psi Reduce size of heat exchanger by a factor of four Heat exchanger in hot cell Reduced salt inventory Half the fuel inventory Half the fuel salt to process Structure of Printed Circuit HeatricHeat Exchanger 14 Car bon-Car bon Composi t es 15 Li qui d Si l i c on I nf i l t r at i on (LSI ) Car bon-Si l i c on Composi t es (CSi C) Ar e Candi dat e Mat er i al s f or Use w i t h Mol t en Sal t s Allow higher-temperature operations Molten salt properties improve with higher temperatures Higher efficiency Option for thermochemical hydrogen production Reduce noble metal plate-out in the primary MSR system Some noble metal fission products plate out on metal heat exchangers Plate-out on carbon materials is much less pronounced Potential for efficient control of where noble metals plate out IABG large furnace for CSiC fabrication Highly complex part geometries 16 Heat -Ex c hanger Monol i t h Can Be For med by a Reac t i on Bondi ng Mul t i pl e Gr een Pl at es, a St andar d LSI Tec hni que
M. Krdel, G.S. Kutter, M. Deyerler, and N. Pailer, Short carbon-fiber reinforced
ceramic -- Cesic -- for optomechanical applications, SPIE Optomechanical Design and Engineering, Seattle, Washington, July 7-9, 2002. Milled or die embossed He flow channel Reaction-bonded joint Low-permeability coating (optional) Milled or die embossed MS flow channel SIDE VIEW PLAN VIEW P x l w P y Radius at corner Radius at corner h He d He h MS d MS 17 Conc l usi ons: New Tec hnol ogi es Bei ng Devel oped f or Hi gh-Temper at ur e Reac t or s May Dr amat i c al l y I mpr ove t he Vi abi l i t y of MSRs Compact Heat Exchangers Brayton Power Cycles Carbon-Carbon Composites