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Pipeline transport has been a progressive technology for conveying a large quantity of bulk materials.
The modern way of pipelining prefers the concentrated slurries since hydraulic transport of dense hydro-mixtures can bring several advantages.
Judul Asli
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND ITS APPLICATION IN SLURRY FLOW MODELLING
Pipeline transport has been a progressive technology for conveying a large quantity of bulk materials.
The modern way of pipelining prefers the concentrated slurries since hydraulic transport of dense hydro-mixtures can bring several advantages.
Pipeline transport has been a progressive technology for conveying a large quantity of bulk materials.
The modern way of pipelining prefers the concentrated slurries since hydraulic transport of dense hydro-mixtures can bring several advantages.
ENGINEERING PRESENTED BY : ATANU KUMAR PAUL 11/CHE/411 GUIDED BY : PROFESSOR K. C. GHANTA [1] Tambe, S. S., B. D. Kulkarni, P. B. Deshpande, Elements of Artificial Neural Networks with Selected Applications in Chemical Engineering, and Chemical And Biological Sciences, Simulation & Advanced Controls, Inc., USA, (1996) What is ANN ? An artificial neural network (ANN), usually called neural network (NN).
It is a mathematical model or computational model that is inspired by the structure and functional aspects of biological neural networks. [1]
A neural network consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons, and it processes information using a connectionist approach to computation. 2
In most cases an ANN is an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows through the network during the learning phase.
Modern neural networks are non-linear statistical data modeling tools. They are usually used to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs or to find patterns in data. 3
The original inspiration for the term Artificial Neural Network came from examination of central nervous systems and their neurons, axons, dendrites, and synapses, which constitute the processing elements of biological neural networks investigated by neuroscience.
In an artificial neural network, simple artificial nodes, variously called "neurons", "neurodes", "processing elements" (PEs) or "units", are connected together to form a network of nodes similar to the biological neural networks hence the term "artificial neural network". Background of ANN 4
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Biological Neurons The cell itself includes a nucleus (at the center). From cell 2, the dendrites provide input signals to the cell 1. From cell 1, the axon sends output signals to cell 2 via the axon terminals. These axon terminals merge with the dendrites of cell 2. 6
A GENERAL ANN Architecture 7
McCulloch and Pitts (1943): The model they created had two inputs and a single output. They noted that a neuron would not activate if only one of the inputs was active. Rosenblatt (1958): He developed perceptron. Selfridge (1958): Brought the idea of the weight space to the perceptron. Widrow and Hoff (1960): Developed a mathematical method for adapting the weights. Werbos (1974): First developed the back propagation algorithm. Anderson and Rosenfeld (1987): The electrochemical process of a neuron works like a voltage-to-frequency translator Kaastra and Boyd (1996): Developed neural network model for forecasting financial and economic time series. History of Neural Networks 8
Recent Development in ANN Dewolf et al. (2000): Demonstrated the applicability of neural network technology for plant diseases forecasting.
Sanzogni et al. (2001): Developed the models for predicting milk production from farm inputs using standard feed forward ANN.
Gaudart et al. (2004): Compared the performance of MLP and that of linear regression. 9
Bhadeshia (2008): Applied neural network in materials science.
Rivero et al (2010): By using genetic programming they generate and simplified ANNs.
Nikbakht et all (2011): They modelled double CSTR by Radial Basis Function (RBF) & Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural networks.
Somsong et all (2011): Neural Network Modelling and Optimization for a Batch Crystallizer to Produce Purified Terephthalic Acid. CONTD...... Properties of ANNs Adaptively: changing the connection strengths to learn things
Non-linearity: the non-linear activation functions are essential
Fault tolerance: if one of the neurons or connections is damaged, the whole network still works quite well . 1 0
They might be better alternatives than classical solutions for problems characterised by:
Nonlinearities High dimensionality Noisy, complex, imprecise, imperfect and error prone sensor data A lack of a clearly stated mathematical solution or algorithm 1 1
Artificial Intellect with Neural Networks Intelligent Control Technical Diagnistics Intelligent Data Analysis and Signal Processing Advance Robotics Machine Vision Image & Pattern Recognition Intelligent Security Systems Intelligent Medicine Devices Intelligent Expert Systems APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 1 2
DEVELOPMENT OF NEURAL NETWORK Step 1: Data Collection Step 2: Training And Testing Data Separation Step 3: Network Architecture Step 4: Parameter Tuning And Weight Initialization Step 5: Data Transformation Step 6: Training Step 7: Testing Step 8: Implementation 1 3
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Different ANN Algorithms published in various literatures [3]
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Algorithm Input Layer Transfer Function Output Layer Transfer Function No Of Nodes Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) Standard Deviation R Levenburg Marquardt logsig purelin 3 0.127 0.164 0.997 BFGS Algorithm tansig purelin 8 0.131 0.141 0.939 Fletcher Reeves Update tansig purelin 7 0.135 0.157 0.945 One Step Secant Algorithm radbas purelin 6 0.136 0.138 0.940 Powell Beale Restarts tansig purelin 3 0.140 0.164 0.943 Polak Ribire Update tansig purelin 8 0.142 0.164 0.944 Batch Gradient Descent logsig purelin 3 0.152 0.170 0.931 Resilient Back Propagation tribas purelin 6 0.152 0.189 0.924 Performance of Different ANN algorithm [3]
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Advantages of slurry transport Pipeline transport has been a progressive technology for conveying a large quantity of bulk materials.
The modern way of pipelining prefers the concentrated slurries since hydraulic transport of dense hydro-mixtures can bring several advantages. 1 7
Compared to a mechanical transport, the use of a pipeline ensures a dust free environment, demands substantially less space, makes possible full automation and requires a minimum of operating staff.
On the other hand, it brings higher operational pressures and considerable demands for a high quality of pumping equipment and control system. 1 8
In solidliquid multiphase flow, the separate phases move at different average velocities and the in situ concentrations are not same as the concentrations in which the phases are introduced or removed from the system. The variation of in situ concentrations from the supply concentrations is referred to as hold-up phenomenon. The hold-up effect is measured by the hold-up ratio, given by the ratio of the average in situ concentration and mean discharge concentration:
Regime identification is important for slurry pipeline design as it is the prerequisite to apply different pressure drop correlations in different regimes.
Four distinct regimes were found existent in slurry flow in a pipeline depending upon the average velocity of flow.
From this entire study it may be concluded that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied in chemical process engineering very significantly.
ANN calculates and generates process data very accurately.
Application of ANN in different fields of Engineering other than data prediction, fault diagnosis, process control etc. can be explored .
1. Tambe, S. S., B. D. Kulkarni, P. B. Deshpande, Elements of Artificial Neural Networks with Selected Applications in Chemical Engineering, and Chemical And Biological Sciences, Simulation & Advanced Controls, Inc., USA, (1996). 3. Lahiri, S. K., K. C. Ghanta, Development of An Artificial Neural Network Correlation for Prediction of Pressure Drop of Slurry Transport in Pipelines, International Journal of Mathematics, Science & Engineering Applications (IJMESE), Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1- 21, (2008). References 3 0
2. Lahiri S.K. and Ghanta K.C. ,Development of an artificial neural network correlation for prediction of hold-up of slurry transport in pipelines, Chemical Engineering Science 63,1497 1509 (2008) 3 1
CONTD...... 4. Lahiri, Sandip K. and Ghanta, Kartik Chandra , Development of a hybrid support vector machine and genetic algorithm model for regime identification of slurry transport in pipelines, Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng. ,Published online in Wiley InterScience, (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI:10.1002/apj.410 (2009). 5. Agarwal, M., Jade A. M., Jayaraman V. K. and Kulkarni B. D. (2003), Support vector machines: A useful tool for process engineering applications, Chem. Engg. Progr., 57-62. 6. Vapnik V. (1995), The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory, Springer Verlag, New York.
7. Vapnik V. (1998), Statistical Learning Theory, John Wiley, New York. Thank You