NOUNS

PRONUNCIATION
A [ei] : cake
[ ] : cat
[a:] : car
PH [f] : phase
C [k] : clock
CH [t ] : children
[k] : architecture
CE [s] : silence
Q [k] : quiet
R [r] : rock
[a:] : star
E [e] : men
EA [ ] : bear
[i ] : tear
[i:] : teacher
EE [i:] : feeling
[i ] : beer
EI [i:] : ceiling
S [s] : speech
[ ] : sure
[z] : pause
[ ] : pleasure
SS [s] : press
[ ] : pressure
SH [ ] : cash
G [g] : goose
GU [g] : guard
GE [d ] : page
GI [d ] : giant
T [t] : tea
[t ] : adventure
TH [ ] : they
[ ] : thief
H [h] : horse U [ju] : pure
[u] : put
[ ] : cut
[ ] : treasure
I [ai] : price
[i] : dig
J [d ] : joy
KN [n] : know W [w] : water
[u] : show
N [n] : now
[ ] : playing
Y [ai] : why
[i] : play
O [ u] : code
[o] : stop
OA [ u] : boat
OO [u :] : cool
Z [z] : zero
A noun is the name of anything that may be the subject of discourse! "#ihai $drenghea% Anca
&reere% A Practical English Grammar (with exercises)% 'luj% 'lusium% ())*% p ((+
,here are a great many nouns classified according to their -./# "simple% compound and p!"s"l
nouns+ and #0A121& "p!ope!% common% m"ss nouns and collec#i$e nouns+
% I!!e&ul"! plu!"l' mu#"#ion% mouse(mice
: c"n&in& 3f into 3v: se")(se"$es* li)e(li$es "e4ception5 s#ill li)e(s5 painting term%
s")e(s+
: +e!o plu!"l5 s,ine* seep* dee!* s"lmon* #!ou#: ,he fisherman caught two s"lmon
: )o!ei&n plu!"l: con)e##i "takes the singular+% &!"))i#i "takes the plural+
5 Plu!"l in$"!i"-les: nouns )o!med ou# o) #,o p"!#s5 scissors "6ummation plurals: tights% trousers5
but a trouser leg+ 7se " p"i! o) to make them countable
: some collec#i$e nouns "plural+5 c"##le* police* people* $e!min
5 Nouns endin& in .o% add the inflection .es if the .o is preceded by a consonant: negro8s tomato8s%
still many e4ceptions5 #"n&o* #o-"cco* pi"no* conce!#o* sop!"no* memen#os% etc
5 Compounds with .m"n(%,om"n: both elements take the plural if they indicate gender5 ,om"n
doc#o!(,omen doc#o!s* ,om"n%coo/(,omen(coo/s "when they do not indicate se4% 5man85woman
do not change5 woman hater8woman haters% man5eater8man5eaters+
5 #"c#ics* s#"#is#ics* &0mn"s#ics and "#le#ics% are generally regarded as plurals
% Gene!"l p"!#i#i$es: a kind8sort of% a piece8item of% a bit of% a slice8loaf of
P"!#i#i$es pre5modify uncountable nouns to make them countable:
5 an article of clothing
5 an attack of nerves8fever
5 a ball of string
5 a beam of light
5 a blade of grass
5 a breath of fresh air
5 a bucketful8handful8spoonful of
5 a burst of laughter
5 a chunk8joint8roast of meat
5 a clap8roll of thunder
5 a dab of "red8colours+
5 a drop of rain
5 a feat of passion8indurance
5 a flash of lightning
5 a grain of sand
5 a gust of wind
5 a hint of trouble
5 a lock8strand of hair
5 a lump of sugar
5 a pad8scrap8sheet8piece of paper
5 a piece of evidence
5 a pinch of salt
5 a puff of smoke
5 a set8suite of furniture
5 a set of cutlery
5 a sip of "drinks+
5 a slash of water
5 a speck of dust
5 a spell of snow
5 a stack of hay
5 a stick of chalk
5 a stretch of road
5 a strip of land
5 a stroke of luck
5 a tube of toothpaste
5 a wink of sleep
5 a whiff of garlic
5 a word of "advice% information+
5 Speci)ic collec#i$e nouns: " -unc o) &!"pes* " s#!in& o) -e"ds* " )li&# o) s#"i!s* " clus#e! o)
s#"!s* " clump o) #!ees* " )lee# o) #"1is(sips* " -undle o) !"&s* " s,"!m o) -ees* " colon0 o) "n#s* "
e!d o) c"##le(elep"n#s* " )loc/ o) -i!ds* " p"c/ o) ,ol$es* " scool o) )is* " s#")) o) #e"ce!s* "
c!e, o) s"ilo!s* " c!o,d o) people* " -o"!d o) di!ec#o!s2
He"d used as a collec#i$e num-e! take a plural concord: -ifty head of cattle were in the field
but : He"ds o! #"ils9 "also: 6he has a few grey "i!s+
:21;: #ese /inds o) -oo/s "books of that kind+
6ometimes the plural form intensifies the meaning "emphatic force+: ,he s"nds of the desert8,he blue
,"#e!s of the #editerranean 6ea
THE P3URA3 O4 NOUNS
A2 Re&ul"! plu!"l
( nouns + %S : -oo/s
< nouns ending in : 1* s* ss* c* s* ++* + add .ES : -us . -uses= -o1 . -o1es
> nouns ending in %Y make the plural in .YS after a vowel and in .IES after a consonant
e2&2 -o0 . -o0s= l"d0 . l"dies
? 1ouns ending in %O add .S after a vowel "!"dios+% in abbreviations "/ilos* po#os+ and in
foreign nouns "pi"nos+
@ 1ouns ending in %O add .ES after a consonant : #om"#oes* e!oes
A Abbreviations% numbers and letters make the plural by adding .S: #e 5678s* #e 9Ps
:2 I!!e&ul"! plu!"l
( nouns ending in .4 or .4E make the plural in .;ES:
e2&2 /ni)e . /ni$es< ,ol) . ,ol$es 8 E=CEPTIONS' -elie)s* p!oo)s* !oo)s* cie)s* cli))s
< some nouns form the plural by a change of the inside vowel
e2&2
man 3 men
woman 3 women
mouse 3 mice
louse 5 lice
goose 3 geese
tooth 3 teeth
foot 5 feet
> some nouns make the plural in .EN or .NE
e2&2 o1 . o1en* -!o#e! . -!e#!en* cild . cild!en* co, . /ine
? some nouns have one )o!m for both singular and plural:
a+ a few names of fish and animals: )is* s"lmon* seep* dee!
b+ the following words in .S' species* se!ies* me"ns
c+ certain names of inhabitants of countries: Cinese* J"p"nese* S,iss
d+ numerals: two hundred8thousand8dozen8million people 8 :UT two hundreds O4 people
@ some nouns of )o!ei&n o!i&in preserve their foreign plural:
a+ nouns of 3"#in o!i&in: medium . medi"* s#imulus . s#imuli* )o!mul" . )o!mul"e* inde1 .
indices* m"#!i1%m"#!ices
b+ nouns of G!ee/ o!i&in: "n"l0sis . "n"l0ses* #esis . #eses* penomenon . penomen"*
c!i#e!ion . c!i#e!i"
A some others follow the 0nglish rule: do&m" . do&m"s* museum . museums* c"mpus .
c"mpuses* ci!cus . ci!cuses
C2 Uncoun#"-le Nouns
52 In$"!i"-le Nouns in #e Sin&ul"!
"> concrete uncountable nouns: -!e"d* -u##e!* )ood* co))ee* &old
e2&2 " cup o) co))ee
-> abstract uncountable nouns: "d$ice* -usiness* )u!ni#u!e* /no,led&e* lu&&"&e* ome,o!/*
in)o!m"#ion* mone0* -e"$iou!* pe!mission* ,e"#e!* income* nonsense* "ppl"use
e2&2 " piece o) "d$ice
c> names of sciences ending in .ICS' &0mn"s#ics* m"#em"#ics* pone#ics* poli#ics* s#"#is#ics
d> abstract adjectives used as nouns: #e de"d* #e -e"u#i)ul* #e old
e> the word news! is always used in the singular
e2&2 Te ne,s is &ood2
72 In$"!i"-le Nouns in #e Plu!"l
a+ names of things consisting of two similar halves such as' p0?"m"s* #!ouse!s* &l"sses*
scisso!s* ?e"ns* -inocul"!s
e2&2 " p"i! o) p0?"m"s
b+ nouns such as: cle!&0* police* c"##le* in)"n#!0* poul#!0* c!e,* s#")) * )"mil0 may be used as
plural nouns as well when referring to the members and as singular nouns when taken as a
whole:
e2&2 Te c!e, ,e!e all asleep when the ship sank 8 Ou! )"mil0 is very big
NOTE@ #any seemingly uncountable nouns have other meanings in which they are countable:
ICE Ice is cold 8 2 bought two banana ices
IRON ,his door is made of i!on 8 2 have an electric i!on
PAPER 2 bought p"pe! to write on it 8 2 bought an evening p"pe!
TI9E 6he got carried away from #ime 8 ,hose were happy #imes
WOOA ,his table is made of ,ood 8 Be go to the ,oods every 6unday
c+ other such nouns: "ses* cus#oms* &oods* olid"0s* ou#s/i!#s* p"ins* ,"&es
E=ERCISES ON NOUNS B#ihai $drenghea% Anca &reere% A Practical English Grammar (with
exercises)% 'luj% 'lusium% ())*+
E=ERCISE P285C ( THE NOUN
Suppl0 #e -l"n/s ,i# sui#"-le nouns )!om #ose in -!"c/e#s2 Use #e plu!"l )o!ms'
( Ce threw a stone at the rock and came back "piano% volcano% echo+
< ,he ship was sunk by well5aimed "potato% torpedo% dynamo+
> Binter fodder for cattle is kept in "calico% casino% silo+
? ,he opera company was advertising for "octavo% soprano% cuckoo+
@ ,he delegates carried their "portfolio% photo% piano+
A ,he hit the island with tremendous force"tornado% hobo% albino+
* ,hey threw rotten to show their disgust "tomato% canto% halo+
D Ce was bitten by and got malaria "hero% soprano% mosquito+
) ,here are hundreds of along the #editerranean coast "hero% casino+
(E Cow many"hero% cargo% kilo+ of "tomato% piano% photo+ do you need to make ( liter of juice9
(( ,he ships had as "cargo% radio+ monkeys called baboons
(< ,here are not many "buffalo% soprano+ that can sing like her
E=ERCISE P285D ( THE NOUN
S#"#e ,"# e"c o) #e )ollo,in& is c"lled2
( .ne of the two equal parts into which a thing is divided
< #ass of bread cooked as a separate quantity
> 6tate or e4istence as a being
? &roup of people working together under a manager or head=
@ A sharp blade with a handle% used as a cutting instrument
A Bild% flesh eating animal of the dog family% hunting in packs
* Corny part of the foot of a horse
D 6mall fairy% mischievous little creature
) Fundle of corn% barley% etc% stalks tied together after reaping
(E Gerson!s nature= one!s own personality
(( Foard in a cupboard% bookcase% etc
(< 6ingle sheet of paper forming two pages in a book
(> ,he young of the domestic cow
(? Hong strip of material worn over the shoulders% round the neck
(@ Booden or stone structure at which ships are moored for "un+loading cargo
TRANS3ATION P2 878 ( THE NOUN
( Gortavionul este o navI construitI pentru transportul aparatelor de zbor Guntea este suficient de
mare pentru ca fiecare aparat sI poatI decola si ateriza Jn sigurantI
< 'artea lui 'harles ;arwin K.riginea speciilorL marcheazI un moment important Jn dezvoltarea
stiintelor naturii 0l a arItat cI Jn naturI numai cei vigurosi supravietuiesc pentru buna perpetuare a
speciei
> CoinIrind prin pIdure am ajuns la un luminis unde o cIprioarI pIstea linistitI 1umai atunci mi5am
dat seama ce frumoase si gingase sunt cIprioarele
? A petrecut minunat Jn tabIra internationalI a studentilor de la 'ostinesti unde erau chinezi%
japonezi% portughezi% elvetieni si multi alti studenti 65a Jmprietenit cu un chinez foarte inteligent si
politicos 'hinezii toti sunt deosebit de politicosi
@ ,oate uzinele de gaz din acea tarI sunt foarte moderne sau Jn curs de modernizare AceastI uzinI
de gaz% desi a fost construitI acum saptezeci de ani% este JncI Jn stare bunI
E=ERCISE P2878 ( THE NOUN
4ill in #e co!!ec# )o!ms o) #e nouns in -!"c/e#s'
( ,he "deer+ have left their usual pastures
< ,hey don!t even try to hunt "lion+= it is too dangerous
> ,here is no "mean+ of learning what is happening
? ,hey say "fish+ are good for the brain
@ ,hey raise lots of "duck+ on their farm
A ;espite their size "giraffe+ are harmless creatures
* ,he "1avaho+ 2ndians were almost completely destroyed
D Ce made a living by raising "goose+
) A "series+ of une4pected events prevented him from going on holiday to 6cotland
(E 2t!s not allowed to hunt "bear+ Fut still many "bear+ are killed
(( ,here were "thousand+ of flies buzzing around us
(< -ive "hundredweight+ of potatoes were hardly enough for them
(> ,here were a thousand "head+ of cattle on the ranch
E=ERCISE P287E ( THE NOUN
4ill in #e co!!ec# plu!"l )o! o) #e ,o!ds in -!"c/e#s'
( ;o other planets revolve on their like the 0arth9 "a4is+
< 2t can be dangerous if chemists make mistakes in their "analysis+
> are rare in the desert "oasis+
? A great deal of was collected by the scientist "datum+
@ All good reference books contain "inde4+
A ,he consul sent several back to Hondon "memorandum+
* Ce spent his time playing with mathematical "formula+
D &eologists search the rock for valuable minerals "stratum+
) ,here are not many types of around the Fritish coast "alga+
(E ,here have been many international since the war "crisis+
(( ,he of these lenses are perfect for distance photography "focus+
(< Bhat are the of success9 "criterion+
(> 2!ve always found the idea of in algebra rather difficult"inde4+
(? ,here are many of animals "genus+
(@ are e4act positions of things "locus+
(A ,he of theorists must conform to the real world "hypothesis+
(* Gost5graduate students have to write to obtain their Gh;s "thesis+
(D ,he optician found that both his patient!s eyes had defective "retina+
() ,hey were all well trained and so they responded like "automaton+
<E ,wo to the resolution were proposed "addendum+
E=ERCISE P27C ( THE NOUN
Selec# #e )o!m 0ou conside! "pp!op!i"#e in e"c o) #e )ollo,in& sen#ences2
( Be gathered two "basketsful8basketfuls+ of apples
< #ost successful people have their "hanger5ons8hangers5on+
> ,raitors and spies are tried by "courts5martial8court5martials+
? .il has lots of "by5products8bys5product+
@ ,he "commander5in5chiefs8commanders5in5chief+ met behind the lines to discuss military tactics
A A business phenomenon of recent years is the startling rise of "woman e4ecutives8women
e4ecutives+
* "-ive5year5olds8five5years5old+ always use "toothbrushes8 teethbrushes+
D ,he two "women doctors8woman doctors+ 2 introduced you to are e4cellent psychiatrists
) "-ather5in5laws8fathers5in5law+ are better5natured creatures than "mothers5in5laws8mothers5in5law+
(E ,he "#iss 'rumptons8#isses 'rumpton+ are characters of ;ickens!s
(( 2 met Anne!s to brothers when they were parting with their "girls friends8girl friends+
(< 2 like "ten5minute5pictures8ten5minutes5pictures+
(> 2!ve only heard of% but 2!ve never seen any "men5eaters8man5 eaters+
(? After the age of fifty some bachelors become "woman5 haters8women5haters+
(@ 2f 2 told you once 2 told you a thousand times not to make friends with those "goods5for5
nothing8good5for5nothings+
(A Ce counted twenty "footsteps8feetsteps+ from the gate to the house
(* Mou lose on the swings what you make on the "roundabouts8 roundsabout+
(D ,he farmer got five "cartloads8cartsload+ of hay
() ":night errants8:nights errant+ belong to :ing Arthur!s court
<E Foth his "brother5in5laws8brothers5in5law+ are very pleasant fellows
TRANS3ATION P2876 ( THE NOUN
(-ortele naturii sJnt multe si puternice
< 0 destul de prost ca sI5si mai dea si aere
> H5am auzit cNntNnd una din ariile lui favorite
? Groprietarul calului este Jntotdeauna JncNntat sI5si vadI culorile ajungNnd primele la potou
@ -iecare regiment Jsi are steagul propriu
A GoOi recunoaste un pictor dupI culorile pe care le foloseste
* A avut medicamentul vreun efect9
D Hi s5a spus sI5si ia efectele personale si sI treacI dincolo
) Grin forta JmprejurIrilor am amNnat e4cursia
(E 'am cNt timp trebuie ca sI treci prin vamI9 'Nteva minute -ormalitItile de vamI sunt foarte
simple
(( A devenit un obicei pentru familiile din Anglia sI meargI Jn 6pania Jn vacantI
(< ,rebuie sI scriu o serie de scrisori
TRANS3ATION P28EE ( THE NOUN
( Aceasta este o mobilI prea mare ca sI intre pe usa aceasta
< Am bIut deja douI cafele
> Aveam trei sIpunuri ieri 7nde sunt9
? 1u stiu cum reuseste ,om sI fluiere cu un fir de iarbI
@ 7n rNs zgomotos ne5a fIcut sI ne Jntoarcem capul
A 'Nte bucIti de zahIr vrei Jn ceai9
* 6pune5i hamalului cI avem bagaje grele
D H5am rugat sI5mi cumpere douI pNini% dar a uitat
) 1e5a dat un sfat foarte bun
(E 7n fulger strIlucitor% urmat de un tunet puternic ne trimise pe toti imediat Jn casI
(( A fost un noroc neasteptat sI5i gIsim Jn multimea care iesea de la spectacol
(< 'ine ne poate da vreo informaOie despre persoana dispIrutI
(> Goti sa desfaci tabla de ciocolata de pe masa
(? 0 de ajuns ca un fir de nisip sI intre Jntr5o scoicI pentru a se forma o perla
(@ PI dau un sfat: nu lIsati niciodata gazul aprins
(A A treia stire prezentatI la televizor a fost foarte interesantI
(* 'ea mai frumoasI bijuterie a ei era o brosI din opt grame de aur si un diamant
(D &arnitura de mobilI se va potrivi foarte bine
() 6unt obositI 15am Jnchis un ochi noaptea trecutI
<E 0 o ocazie deosebitI 6coate tacNmurile din argint
<( Prei grItar de porc sau fripturI de miel9
<< 1u te pot ajuta 1u mai am nici un strop de energie
<> Gianistul cNnta cu o pasiune iesitI din comun
<? 0 nevoie de (EE de grame de fainI= asta JnseamnI cam patru linguri vNrfuite de fIinI
TRANS3ATION P28EF ( THE NOUN
( 1umai timpul ne va arIta care din noi are dreptate
< 1u este las cel ce are curajul convingerilor sale
> A fIcut totul din bunItate si nu din speranta unei rIsplate
? ;l 6mith si directorul scolii s5au salutat ca doi regi Apoi au schimbat cuvinte politicoase
@ 6ticla se sparge usor
A ;e un timp Jncoace nu mai pot citi fIrI ochelari
* Am citit de cNteva ori% dar tot n5am putut Jntelege
D Hucrarea la biologie a fost deosebit de grea
) 'red cI ceea ce spui ai citit prin ziare
(E 65a semnat pacea Jntre cele douI tIri
(( ;upI o pace scurtI% a izbucnit din nou rIzboiul
(< 15a avut curajul s5o refuze
(> . altI calitate a nylon5ului este rezistenta la apI
(? 1u e Jntelept sI dai prea mult credit zvonurilor
(@ .perele poetului sunt foarte frumoase
(A Qn acest domeniu el are multI e4perientI
(* QntNmplIrile prin care a trecut Jl fac un om cu e4perientI
(D 'ine Jti va tine de urNt9
() 'Nta dobNndI primesti pe trei luni9
<E 1u mi5a dat rest de la (EE de dolari
E=ERCISE P28ED ( THE NOUN
4ill in sui#"-le nouns cosen )!om #e )ollo,in& lis#'
crossroads% lodgings% straits% clothes% riches% scales% slums% dregs% eaves% outskirts% tidings% wages%
goods% glasses% sweepings% scissors% credentials% remains% assizes% surrounding% oats
( Cis were so satisfactory that he was made manager
< 6he found a five5pound note in a heap of street
> ,he ordered were received in due time
? are grown in many countries in the world% but they are one of 6cotland!s main crops
@ 2t was a hard winter 2cicles hung from the of the houses
A ,here are not only on the of Hondon% but also in some other parts of it
* seldom bring happiness
D ,he of &ibraltar are very narrow
) Ce saw the car reel and slither and fail to make the turn at the
(E ,he of our town are most beautiful in spring
(( Cis were in a quiet% lovely street
(< Cis were wet through= he had been caught in a downpour
(> ,he were tested for accuracy
(? Ce looked into the tea cup= only the were left
(@ Cis face turned ashen at the bad
(A Cis are ten dollars a week Ce takes them home to his wife
(* ,he shock made it necessary that he should constantly wear
(D ,hese are blunt= they are no use
() 2n the afternoon they went to see the of an old abbey not far from the village
<ECe was tried at the % but discharged due to lack of evidence
E=ERCISE P28G8 ( THE NOUN
Use #e co!!ec# )o!m o) #e $e!-2
( ,he students! committee "has% have+ already held "its% their+ monthly meeting
< 2f the jury "do not% does not+ agree "it% they+ must be discharged ,hen there is a new trial with a
fresh jury
> ,he team "was% were+ all teenagers
? Fritain!s tennis team "has% have+to play eight matches in ne4t year!s competition
A ,he audience "is% are+ requested to remain seated during the intermission
* ,he audience "has% have+ now returned and "is% are+ taking "its% their+ seats
D Garliament "has% have+ been debating on the question of ta4ation for several hours
) #y family "has% have+ been living in this house for twenty years
(E ,he family "is% are+ all having breakfast
(( ,he majority "was% were+ in favour of the proposal
(> ,he club "has% have+ e4pelled him for his behaviour
(? ,he poultry "is% are+ eating in the yard
(@ ,he police "was% were+ on the look5out for robbers
TRANS3ATION P28G5 ( THE NOUN
( Paticanul anuntI reusita operatiei si cI Gapa se simte acum bine
< 'ompania va angaja JncI sase persoane
> Ruriul JncearcI sI cadI de acord
? . familie care se ceartI Jntruna nu poate fi fericitI
@ Gublicul vrea sI stie ce va urma
A 6unt prea mulOi oameni rIi pe pImNnt
* ,oate guvernele JncearcI sI facI ceva pentru a control actele criminale
D HIzile de bere sunt pe terasI
) #usuroiul de furnici este foarte mare
(E ,urma de elefanti se JndreaptI cItre rNu
(( ,eancul de hNrtii se aflI pe masI
(< 6e auzi urletul lupilor Jn depIrtare 6igur erau mai multe haite
(> 'atedra de profesori de englezI are cabinetele la etajul trei
(? Gentru a rezolva problema a fost convocat un grup de e4perti din toatI lumea
(@ #ultimea de rIzvrItiti se nIpusti asupra castelului
TRANS3ATION P28G5 ( THE NOUN
(Paticanul anuntI reusita operatiei si cI Gapa se simte acum bine
< 'ompania va angaja JncI sase persoane
> Ruriul JncearcI sI cadI de acord
? . familie care se ceartI Jntruna nu poate fi fericitI
@ Gublicul vrea sI stie ce va urma
A 6unt prea mulOi oameni rIi pe pImNnt
* ,oate guvernele JncearcI sI facI ceva pentru a control actele criminale
D HIzile de bere sunt pe terasI
) #usuroiul de furnici este foarte mare
(E ,urma de elefanti se JndreaptI cItre rNu
(( ,eancul de hNrtii se aflI pe masI
(< 6e auzi urletul lupilor Jn depIrtare 6igur erau mai multe haite
(> 'atedra de profesori de englezI are cabinetele la etajul trei
(? Gentru a rezolva problema a fost convocat un grup de e4perti din toatI lumea
(@ #ultimea de rIzvrItiti se nIpusti asupra castelului
E=ERCISE P28G7 ( THE NOUN
Aecide ,ic o) #e #,o $e!- )o!ms sould -e used in #e )ollo,in& sen#ences'
( Ghysics "was8were+ my most difficult subject in high school
< Fallistics "is8are+ the study of the motion of projectiles
> Athletics "has8have+ been virtually abolished from smaller schools
? Cis motives may be good% but his tactics "is8are+ deplorable
@ 2n every group% politics "is8are+ a subject that arouse interest
A /adical politics "was8were+ offensive to the -ederalists
* Acoustics "is8are+ a branch of science that is growing fast
D ,he acoustics of this room "is8are+ not all they might be
) 0conomics "doesn!t8don!t+ require much knowledge of mathematics
(E Cis ethics "leave8leaves+ a lot to be desired
(( 'lassics "take8takes+ a back seat these days
(< 0instein!s mathematics "was8were+ a revelation
(> ,actics "is8are+ really short term strategy
(? Mour heroics "is8are+ worthy of a better cause
(@ Cer hysterics "does8do+ not move anybody that knows her
TRANS3ATION P28GF ( THE NOUN
( Apele lacului se scurgeau printr5o cascadI spectaculoasI
< AmNndoi au dat din cap a neJncredere
> ,oti am JntNmpinat rIrsIritul soarelui cu inima usoarI
? A trebuit sI schimb trenul la /eading
@ 1u puteam sI5i trimitem acolo Jmpotriva vointei lor
A 6trigau cNt Ji tinea gura
* Pisa la apele albastre ale #editeranei
D 'Ildurile unei veri JnnIbusitoare nu pIreau sI aibI nici o
influentI asupra sInItItii lui
) ;e dragul lor era Jn stare sI mute si muntii din loc
(E 0zita Jntre sperantI si teamI
E=ERCISE P28G6 ( THE NOUN
Pu# in#o #e possessi$e< c"!!0 ou# "n0 necess"!0 c"n&es in #e ,o!din& o) #e sen#ences
( 2 did this for the sake of my brother Rames
< Ce took the hat of somebody else
> Alfred the &reat has an assured place in history
? ,here was a great variety of books for children on display
@ Ce was the secretary of the Gresident of the Foard of ,rade
A ;uring the holiday of two weeks of their parents% the children had to stay at the house of their aunt
* Rohn% the son of the plumber% is my best friend
D ,he baby of 'harles and #ary is lovely
) Fuckingham Galace is the residence of the Sueen of 0ngland
(E ,here is a shop belonging to #arks and 6pencer in almost every 0nglish town
(( ,he speech of the 'hancellor of the 04chequer has been received with warm approval
(< ,he plays of Feaumont and -letcher are very seldom staged nowadays
E=ERCISE P28F8 ( THE NOUN
S#"#e ,"# one c"n do "#'
#e s#"#ione!Hs* #e cemis#Hs* #e d!"pe!Hs* #e con)ec#ione!Hs* #e -"!-e!Hs* #e &!een&!oce!Hs*
#e -u#ce!Hs* #e &!oce!Hs* #e "i!d!esse!Hs* #e )ismon&e!Hs* #e #o-"cconis#Hs* #e cle"ne!Hs
E=ERCISE P28F7 ( THE NOUN
Re,!i#e #e )ollo,in& sen#ences usin& #e unde!lined ,o!ds in #e possessi$e c"se2 9"/e "n0
o#e! necess"!0 "l#e!"#ions in #e ,o!din& o) #e sen#ences'
( ,he little girl bought some sweets costing a pound
< ,he meeting lasted four hours
> Ce granted us an interview lasting three minutes
? 2t was a task of seven hours
@ ,he argument of two hours was worth in the end
A Cer father bought some cakes which cost si4 pounds
* ,he trek to the ne4t hamlet was three miles
D Cave you got enough coppers to change this half5crown
) ,he butter 2 bought weighed half a pound
E=ERCISE P28FE ( THE NOUN
Comple#e #e )ollo,in& sen#ences usin& " sui#"-le idiom"#ic p!"se )!om #e "-o$e men#ioned
ones'
( Cis story is probably not worth
< 6tand5offish people keep you
> 2 can just see our old classroom in
? #y uncle!s flat is only
@ Cis promise wasn!t worth
A ;on!t be in a hurry to leave= you haven!t done yet
* Bho!s been telling you that 9
D 2 was to know what to do
) Ce!s very difficult to know= he keeps you
(E 6end him to the country= he!ll be
E=ERCISE P28FF ( THE NOUN
Repl"ce #e p!onouns unde!lined -0 #e nouns in -!"c/e#s2
( 2 read a book of yours "the professor+
< A dress of mine was eaten by moths "Rane+
> ,wo dictionaries of his are missing "Rulie+
? ,he museum bought a painting of his "Huchian+
@ 2 do wish you!d put rubber soles on those boots of his "Geter+
A ,hose clothes of hers were meant for the sports contest "#ary+
* Gut on that red coat of hers "your sister+
D 0veryone praised that fine achievement of his "my father+
) A watch of hers is fifty years old "my grandmother+
(E Cere!s that song of his "6chubert+
TRANS3ATION P28FC ( THE NOUN
;upI o zi grea de muncI se duse sI cineze la mItusile sale% domnisoarele Carrison ;upI cinI% asezat
confortabil Jntr5un fotoliu lNngI foc cu ziarul Jn mNnI% revIzu Jn minte chipuri de oameni si JmtNmplIri
din copilIrie Ar fi dorit sI fie iarIsi copil si sI se joace cu roscovanul Gete% fiul lui Rackson% morarul%
care locuia doar la o aruncIturI de bIt
7neori fIcea cale de cinci mile pNnI la ferma bunicilor% dupI ouI proaspete% zarzavaturi si fel
de fel de fructe -erma% cu orItInii nenumIrate% cu vite% turme de oi si roiuri de albine i5a oferit multe
din bucuriile copilIriei 'u cItelusii si pisicutele se jucau cNt pofteau% dar ori de cNte ori voiau sI se
apropie de bobocii de gNscI% gNscanul% pIrinte grijuliu% Ji alunga Qn drum spre casI% intrau la bIcInie si
cumpIrau bomboane de cinci peni% fiindcI bunica niciodatI nu uita sI5i dea ceva bani de buzunar
Apoi Jsi aminti cum% cNtiva ani mai tNrziu% sIptImNni la rNnd% a fost Jntr5o situatie criticI din
cauza acelui ticIlos care se dIdea drept prieten% dar care l5a folosit ca pe5o unealtI Asa i5a trebuitT
6ingur se vNrNse Jn gura lupului% fiindcI nu dIduse nici un ban pe sfaturile fratelui sIu mai mare A
scIpat ca prin minune% datoritI fratelui sIu% care aflNnd vestea proastI% a fIcut tot posibilul ca sI5l punI
la adIpost de primejdii
,resIri auzind vocea mItusii Rane: KRohn dragI% poftim ziarul de astIzi% acela e de alaltIieri
'um poti fi atNt de distrat9 'itesti de mai bine de o orI% fIrI sI5ti dai seama ce citestiL
E=ERCISE P28FD%5 ( THE NOUN
( Bhat are the feminine forms of the following words: actor% son% lord% bachelor% marquis%
duke% master% negro% hero% chauffer% czar% e4ecutor% driver% clown% wizard% aviator% widower% landlord%
stallion% drake% gander% ram% drone% peacock% fo4
< Bhat are the masculine forms of the following words: madam% queen% countess% doe% hind%
tabby cat% bitch% wife% maidservant% she5wolf% jenny5ass% czarina% governess% heifer% niece% nurse%
abbess% chauffeuse
E=ERCISE P28FD%7 ( THE NOUN
4ill in #e -l"n/s ,i# )eminine nouns'
( :atherine Cepburn was a famous
< ;iana is the of hunting
> 6apho was a lyric
? A woman who shows people to their seats in theatres is an
@ .n her wedding day a girl is called a
A A woman with the legal right to receive a property% when the owner dies% is an
* A woman famous for bravery is a
D A woman engaged to be married is a
) A is a woman who manages the domestic affairs and nursing staff in a hospital
(E #ary 6tuart% of 6cots% was e4ecuted in (@D*
E=ERCISE P28C5 ( THE NOUN
C"n&e #e &ende! o) #e nouns unde!lined'
( ,his monument was erected as a tribute to al hero
< ,he wife of a reigning king is known as the queen5 consort
> ,he prior was an old% fat monk
? Aunt 0velyn% a spinster and man5hater% had refused to attend her niece!s wedding= merely
e4pressing disgust at the idea of her brother!s allowing his only daughter to get married to an
adventurer
@ ,wenty men applied for the post of headmaster of the school
A Geter!s grandfather% a famous actor% is the manager of a Hondon theatre
* ,he policeman ordered the motorist to move his car
D Bhat!s the difference between a chauffeur and a driver9
) 2n /ussia the /ussian emperors were called czars% in ,urkey sultans
TRANS3ATION P28CE ( THE NOUN
( 7nde este lupoaica cu puii ei9
< GIsIrile din curte mInNncI grIunte
> /ata este urmatI de cei cinci pui ai ei Jn sir indian
? Qn turma aceasta sunt doar trei berbeci si zece miei ;ar e pIzitI de (@ cNini
@ Qn vizuinI e doar tigroaica cu cei doi pui ai ei
E=ERCISE P28CG ( THE NOUN
4ill in #e -l"n/s ,i# #e co!!ec# p!onouns'
( /omania is the mistress of own destiny
< 2t is pleasant to sit in the green wood and watch the 6un in chariot of gold and the #oon in
chariot of pearl
> Hooking at the map% we see -rance here is one of the largest countries in 0urope
? Penice struck a line for and developed a style of own%known as Hombardesque
@ Bar% none of masks and smiles and gallant trumpets can any longer delude us= leads the
way to the cemetery
A 0ngland has always been a sea5power and has never lacked defenders
* ,he 6un revolves once around a4is every twenty five days
D ,he cat jumped on the sofa and coiled up
) 0ton is just the same= but even if is not% even ifhas changed for the worse% 2 believe to be
better than any other school
(EL was my best friend in the warL% said he looking at his pipe
(( ,he 0arth awoke from winter sleep
(< ,he tiger approached the camp= dreadful roar scared us
(> .ur dog is called jenny= is very good breed
(? 2reland is an island= on three sides is washed by the Atlantic
(@ ,he ice5breaker% already known for previous polar e4ploits% has been converted into a
comfortable passenger boat
RE;ISION P28CG ( THE NOUN
Suppl0 #e co!!ec# collec#i$e nouns2 Coose )!om #e nouns &i$en2
-unc* )lee#* colon0* -o"!d* s,"!m* clump* p"c/* !o,* -e$0
( 2 ate a of grapes
< A of houses was destroyed by the bombing
> Ce didn!t know how to apologise so he bought her a of roses
? ,he king sent out a of ships to conquer the island
@ A of girls was looking at the man passing by the school
A ,he bear was bitten by a of bees
* A of ants were gathering food for the winter
D ,he of directors had to decide whether to fire him or not
) Bolves never attack alone% they always attack in
(E ,he whole forest caught fire% only some isolated of trees didn!t burn down
RE;ISION P28CF%5 ( THE NOUN
4ill in #e -l"n/s'
poems* )oo#-"ll pl"0e!s* !"&s* )is* lions* people* -ee!* s#"i!s* s"nd,ices* s#"!s
( Ce ran the whole flight of to tell her the good news
< ,he team of returned home having won one game and lost one
> usually travel alone not in prides
? Ce brought many plates of because there were lots of people
@ 1ot all the crates ofUU were drunk= people seemed to prefer whisky
A 2n the middle of the room was a bundle of
* ,ropical are so beautiful to see when the water is clear and they navigate in schools
D ,he anthology of came out this month
) ,he crowd of talk loud
(E ,he cluster of he liked best could be seen on the sky
RE;ISION P28CF%7 ( THE NOUN
Pu# in #e missin& p"!#i#i$e2
Gi$e o#e! possi-le speci)ic p"!#i#i$es )o! #ese nouns2
sip* pinc* li#!e* me#!e* d!op* "c!e* sc!"p* d!op* in#* &us#* -e"m* loc/* -o,l* spell* s#!e#c
( 2 wrote his telephone number down on a of paper 2 found
< 2!ve never tried whisky before so could 2 have a of yours
> A tiny creature was picked out in the of light from my torch
? 2 think we!d better go inside= 2 just felt a of rain
@ 2 think the painting is quite good it just needs a of blue here
A /emember% ;ave% send for the police at the slightest of trouble
* #y mother used to keep a of my hair in the top drawer of her
dressing table
D -inally% add a of salt ,hen% mi4 the ingredients thoroughly
) A of soup is always good for the stomach
(E ,his of land belongs to my family
(( 2 would like a of orange juice
(< Be!ve been having a marvellous of good weather lately
(> ,hey!ve just opened a new of road between Frighton and
Hondon
(? A of cloth is not enough to make a coat
(@ 2 was working at my desk when a sudden of wind blew all my papers away
RE;ISION P28CC%5 ( THE NOUN
T!"nsl"#e in#o En&lis'
0 sNmbItI dimineata si bunicii asteaptI deja cu nerIbdare sosirea nepoOilor ;e ani de zile ei
Jsi petrec sfNrsitul de sIptImNnI la bunici% care locuiesc la periferia orasului% la doi pasi de ultima
statie a autobuzului >><
Funica gIteste% Jn timp ce bunicul rIsfoieste atent o enciclopedie Qsi dI atNta ostenealI fiindcI
niciodatI nu se stie la ce fel de JntrebIri sI te astepti din partea copiilor 0l ar vrea sI poatI rIspunde
corect chiar dacI ar fi Jntrebat despre alge si bacterii% larve ciuperci% cactusi% analize si sinteze% atomi si
nuclei si cNte si mai cNte
Qn jurul orei cinci% sase copii gIlIgiosi de vNrste diferite dau nIvalI Jn curte% de parcI ar fi o
turmI de elefanti ;acI vremea este frumoasI% timp de douI ore sau douI ore si jumItate e un vacarm
asurzitor% asemInItor mugetului oceanului Apoi bunica Ji dI fiecIruia bucata sa de sIpun si prosopul
si Ji trimite pe toti la baie sI se spele
'ina e relativ linistitI fiindcI bunica stie e4act cine vrea trei bucIti de zahIr Jn ceai% cine vrea
o felie de pJine prIjitI cu unt% cui sI5i mai dea cNteva lingurite de miere si cine vrea partea leului din
placinta de mere
;upI cinI e rNndul bunicului: KFunicule% ce sunt papirusurile9L sau KFunicule% cum poti sI te
vNri singur Jn gura lupului9L% sau KFunicule% ce este un lup Jn blanI de miel9L KApropo% fiindcI veni
vorba de lupi% de ce umblI lupii Jn haite% vitele Jn cirezi% oile Jn turme% pestii Jn bancuri% tNntarii Jn
roiuri% leii Jn 9L
K'opii% la culcareL% spune bunica% si bunicul care nu mai stia ce sI spunI% scapI ca prin
urechile acului datoritI bunicii care5i duce la culcare cu promisiunea cI le va spune o poveste cu zNne
si spiridusi% cIpcIuni si balauri% vrIjitori si vrIjitoare
RE;ISION P28CC%7 ( THE NOUN
Coose #e co!!ec# )o!ms'
( ,he furniture "was8were+ not new% but there "was8were+ some nice reconditioned pieces
< ,he 0nglish as a whole "is% are+ interested in sports
> Rersey cattle "is% are+ encountered everywhere
? ,he long5sighted "is% are+ tempted to hold books at arm!s length
@ &ood news "makes% make+ everybody happy
A A person generally ridiculed is "a scape5goat% a laughing stock+
* Hions travel in "packs% prides+
D 0lephants in large groups are referred to as "flocks% herds+
) ,he plural of forget5me5not is "forget5us5not% forget5me5nots+
(E 2f 2 owned a pony that needed shoeing% 2 should go to "an ironmonger!s% a blacksmith!s+
(( Abbreviation means "conciseness% shortened form+ of a word
(< Be had "a nine days! wonder% a bird!s eye view+ from the college tower
(> ,he feminine of horseman is "marewoman% horsewoman+9
(? 6traight from the horse!s mouth is "information direct from reliable sources% foolish or
superstitious stories+
(@ ;onkey!s years means "wretched e4istence% a long time+
(A A purser earns his living by "selling purses% looking after a ship!s finances+
(* ,he corresponding feminine form for marquis is "marquess% marchioness+
(D ,homas spent the evenings playing "billiard% billiards+ in the "billiard5 room% billiards5room+
() ,hey were as numerous as the grains of "sand% sands+ on the seashore
<E ,hey should have made up their "mind% minds+ earlier
<( Ce painted a picture of a Hondon "gas5work% gas5works+
<< ,hey were ordinary people living their quiet "life% lives+
<> 2 have been at "pain% pains+ to e4amine all these accounts
<? ,his recipe calls for two "spoonful% spoonfuls+ of honey
<@ 6uch "phenomenon% phenomena+ can usually be e4plained if "its% their+ causes are fully
understood
<A Ce solved the problem in two and a half "minute% minutes+
<* After the fight the place became a "shamble% shambles+
<D ,he fact that an alarming number of "bacterium% bacteria+ "was% were+ developing a tolerance to
penicillin% was disturbing
<) ,he graduating class "has% have+ all agreed to have "their% its+ "photos% photoes+ taken in caps and
gowns
>E ,he house was on the "outskirt% outskirts+ of the town% well back from the road from which the
"ground% grounds+ were separated by a high stone wall
>( ,ake care of the "pence% pennies+ and the "pound% pounds+ will take care of "itself% themselves+
>< ,he police "is% are+ tracing the "thiefs% thieves+
>> ,hese are not real photographs% only "proofs% prooves+
>? ,he ticket costs fourpence 2f you have "fourpence% four pennies+ you can get it from the machine
>@ Ce threw a stone at the rock and "echoes% echos+ came back
>A Ce has found the idea of "inde4es% indices+ in algebra difficult
>* Bhat are the "criteria% criterions+ of success
>D ,here are thirty "five5years5old% five5year5olds+ in that class
>) ,he "1ormen% 1ormans+ were originally called 1orthmen
?E "Boman5street cleaners% women5street5cleaners+ work hard
?( "#an5drivers% men5drivers+ are prejudiced against women on the roads
?< Mou will find "erratum% errata+ in the first edition of a book
?> ,his species "has% have+ become e4tinct
?? 6he is too intelligent to put on "air% airs+
?@ Be sold several "dozen% dozens+ towels today
?A ,welve "dozen% dozens+ make (??
?* ,he "information% informations+ 2 have received from all sides "is% are+ contradictory
?D ,he scissors "is% are+ on the table
?) ",his% these+ tongs "is% are+ not good any more
@E ,he table of "content% contents+ is at the beginning of the book
@( Ghonetics "is% are+ a science
@< Cer phonetics "has% have+ improved a lot
@> 0instein!s mathematics "was% were+ a revelation
@? Ce was asked to write the "minute% minutes+ of the meeting
@@ :eep up your "spirit% spirits+= we are nearly there
@A Mour advice "is% are+ not required
@* ,he queue "was% were+ becoming impatient and some of "it% them+"was% were+ asking for "its%
their+ money back
@D Garliament "goes% go+ on holiday at the beginning of August
@) ",his% these+ news "is% are+ of no help to me
AE ,his fondness of her "father% father!s+ for alcohol will be his ruin
A( Cer "daughter!s5in5law% daughter5in5law!s+ friends are kind
A< /ead the letter "to% for+ me= 2!ve lost my glasses
A> 2 mentioned "to his father% his father+ all that was important