Assignment-1

Solution:
3
lim 0
n
n

Given any
0 >
, we must find N sufficiently large so that
for every n>N,
3
n
<

!
3 "
n
n

< >

#e choose
!
"
1 N

1
+
1
]
, then n>N, im$lies that
3
n
<

Solution :
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
%a&
1
! 1 !
lim lim lim 0
3 3 3
n
n
n n
n n n
a
+

_


,

So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
converges
%(&
! 30 !
lim lim
3 )0 3
n
n n
n
a
n

+
So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
converges
%c&
( ) 1
lim lim 0
n
n
n n
a
n

*ence
( ) 1
lim lim 0
n
n
n n
a
n

So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
converges
%d& #hen n is even num(er,
( )
1 1
lim lim 1
3 1 3
n
n
n n
n
a
n

+

#hen n is odd num(er,

( )
1 1
lim lim 1
3 1 3
n
n
n n
n
a
n

+

So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
diverges
%e& #hen n is even num(er,
( )
1
lim lim 1 1
n
n
n n
a
n

+

#hen n is odd num(er,

( )
1
lim lim 1 1
n
n
n n
a
n

+

So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
diverges
%f&
!
1
lim lim lim lim lim 0
+ % 1&% !&% 3& 1 % 1& % !&% 3& 1
n
n n n n n
n n n
a
n n n n n n n


L L
So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
converges
%g&
! 1
lim lim lim 0
3
3 3 3
ln
! ! !
x
x x x
x x x
x x


_ _ _

, , ,
*ence
!
lim 0
3
n
n
n
n

So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
converges
Solution:
%a&
!
1
!
) ! , -
1
3 3 , "
n
n
a n n n n
a n n n n
+
+ + + +
_ _
<

+ + + +
, ,
So 1 n n
a a
+
<
for all n
.he se'uence
{ }
n
a
is decreasing
%(&
1
1
/ 1
1 1
n
n
n
n
a e n n
e
a n e n
+
+
_
_
>

+ +
,
,
So 1 n n
a a
+
>
for all n
.he se'uence
{ }
n
a
is increasing
Solution :
%a&
! !
! !
3 ! 3
3
1
n
n n
a
n n

<
+
So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
is (ounded (y 3
%(&
( )
!
sin
1 1
1 1 !
n
n
a
n n

+ +
So the se'uence
{ }
n
a
is (ounded (y 10!
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
a&
1f the se'uence
2 3
n
x
has a finite limit, then the limit is
uni'ue
Solution:
Su$$ose the se'uence
2 3
n
x
has two different limits a4(
lim
n
n
x a

and
lim
n
n
x b

#e choose
0
!
b a

< <

lim
n
n
x a

, for
0 >
, there must e5ist 1
0 N >
so that for every
1
n N >
, n
x a <

n
a x a < < +
lim
n
n
x b

, for
0 >
, there must e5ist !
0 N >
so that for every
!
n N >
, n
x b <

n
b x b < < +

.hen
{ }
1 !
ma5 , N N N
, for every
n N >
im$lies
!
n
b a
b x a

< < + >

.hat6s contradiction
So the limit is uni'ue
(&
1f
lim
n
n
x L

, then
2 3
n
x
is (ounded
Solution:
Set
1

lim
n
n
x L

7or
1
, there e5ists N>0, such that n>N
Exercise 5
im$lies that
1
n
x L <

( )
1 1
1 1 1 1
1
n
n
n
L x L
L L x L L
x L
< < +
+ < < < + < +
< +
.hen
{ }
1 ! 3
ma5 , , , , 1
N
K x x x x L + L
for all n , we have n
x K

So the se'uence is (ounded (y 8

Solution:
%1& 9rove the se'uence is increasing
7irst note that
1
! a
and
! 1
! ! ! a a + +
1t follows that
! 1
a a >
So the statement is true for n:1
Now assume that the statement is true for n:;, that is
1 k k
a a
+
>
and show that the statement is true for n:;<1
Note that ! 1 1
! !
k k k k
a a a a
+ + +
+ > +

.hus, (y mathematical induction, the se'uence is

increasing
%!& 9rove the se'uence is (ounded (y !
7irst note that
1
! ! a <
So the statement is true for n:1
Now assume that the statement is true for n:;, that is
!
k
a <
And show that the statement is true for n:;<1
Note that 1
! ! ! !
k k
a a
+
+ < +
.hus, (y mathematical
induction, the se'uence is (ounded (y !
Exercise 6
Since
{ }
n
a
is monotonic and (ounded, the se'uence
converges
=et
lim
n
n
a L

, then
1
lim lim !
!
!, 1
n n
n n
a a
L L
L L
+

+
+

Since for all n,
0
n
a >
, we can get the limit of the se'uence
is !