Are Tall Men

Heavier than
Short Men?
Math 1040 Term Project:
SLCC Spring 2014
Isaac Gange
Ruth Smart
Jana Srajer
Shawna Mosley
Emmie Msiska
Lassis Bouraki

Analysis of Height and Weight

Table of Contents
Part 1 Study Goal...... 1
Part 2 Hypothesis.. 1
Part 3 Data.. 1
Part 4 Correlation.. 3
Part 5 Residual Analysis... 4
Part 6 Predictions..... 6
Part 7 Afterthoughts... 7

Analysis of Height and Weight

Part 1 Study Goal

To determine whether there is a significant correlation between the heights of men
and their weight.

Part 2 Hypothesis
Our hypothesis for the data, based on what we have observed in some samples from
class and the homework, is that height will be positively correlated with weight, and that
increased weight will be dependent on increased height.

Part 3 Data
For this project, we have taken a sample of statistics of height (in centimeters) and
weight (in kilograms) for 40 men (from Appendix B: Data Set 1 of the textbook).
Height (x)
178.8
177.5
187.8
172.4
181.7
169
186.9
183.1
176.4
183.4
169.6
185.4
166.1
169.3
193.5
173.1
171.6
180.8
175.3
178.3
173.4

Weight (y)
64.4
61.8
78.5
86.3
73.1
58.5
134.3
79.8
64.8
58.1
76.1
118.4
56.2
73.4
126.9
84.4
97.8
66.5
90.5
83.7
89.7

Height (x)
172.8
165.2
176.6
174.2
181.7
176
173.7
177.1
174.5
180.4
177.3
172.5
180.2
172.7
168.6
178.3
176.7
174.8
172.1

Weight (y)
88.7
80.4
64
65.7
58.9
82.4
85.1
87.7
111.9
70.9
101.8
99
100.5
78.9
79.2
86.1
100.8
76.4
77.4

Analysis of Height and Weight

Height Distribution
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Our height was normally distributed showing a relatively normal bell curve.

Weight Distribution
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Our weight distribution was skewed to the right as shown by the longer right tale.

Height

Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard
Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count

176.47
0.951262
176.2
181.7

Weight
Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard
Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness
Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count

6.016311
36.196
0.567731
0.58022
28.3
165.2
193.5
7058.8
40

Y
82.975
2.929553
80.1
#N/A
18.52812
343.2912
0.748557
0.88514
78.1
56.2
134.3
3319
40

Part 4 Correlation

Correlation Between Height and Weight

160
140

Weight (kg)

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
160

165

170

175

180

185

190

195

Height (cm)

The data has a linear correlation (r) = .356 vs. a critical table value (r) = .312, this
means we can use the linear regression equation to predict values.
The data has a Slope = 1.095.
The data has an Intercept = -110.274.
Our Linear Regression Equation is: Weight = 1.095(Height) 110.274.

Analysis of Height and Weight

Part 5 Residual Analysis: (Observed y predicted y) vs. x.

Observed x:

Predicted y:
178.8
177.5
187.8
172.4
181.7
169
186.9
183.1
176.4
183.4
169.6
185.4
166.1
169.3
193.5
173.1
171.6
180.8
175.3
178.3
172.8
165.2
176.6
174.2
181.7
176
173.7
177.1
174.5
180.4
177.3
172.5
180.2
172.7
168.6
178.3
176.7
174.8
172.1
173.4

85.512
84.0885
95.367
78.504
88.6875
74.781
94.3815
90.2205
82.884
90.549
75.438
92.739
71.6055
75.1095
101.6085
79.2705
77.628
87.702
81.6795
84.9645
78.942
70.62
83.103
80.475
88.6875
82.446
79.9275
83.6505
80.8035
87.264
83.8695
78.6135
87.045
78.8325
74.343
84.9645
83.2125
81.132
78.1755
79.599

Observed y:
64.4
61.8
78.5
86.3
73.1
58.5
134.3
79.8
64.8
58.1
76.1
118.4
56.2
73.4
126.9
84.4
97.8
66.5
90.5
83.7
88.7
80.4
64
65.7
58.9
82.4
85.1
87.7
111.9
70.9
101.8
99
100.5
78.9
79.2
86.1
100.8
76.4
77.4
89.7

The Residual:
21.112
22.2885
16.867
-7.796
15.5875
16.281
-39.9185
10.4205
18.084
32.449
-0.662
-25.661
15.4055
1.7095
-25.2915
-5.1295
-20.172
21.202
-8.8205
1.2645
-9.758
-9.78
19.103
14.775
29.7875
0.046
-5.1725
-4.0495
-31.0965
16.364
-17.9305
-20.3865
-13.455
-0.0675
-4.857
-1.1355
-17.5875
4.732
0.7755
-10.101

Analysis of Height and Weight

Residual: Predicted y - observed y

40
30

Weight (kg)

20
10
0
-10

160

165

170

175

180

185

190

195

-20
-30
-40
-50

Height (cm)
Series1

Series2

Linear (Series2)

The graph for the residual data shows no discrete pattern, and the graph shows no
significant increase of spread of the data. Thus our 3 criteria are met:
Observed (r) = 3.56 is greater than critical (r) = 3.12.
The Residual vs. x data shows no discrete pattern.
The Residual vs. x does not show a significant increase in spread.
Part 6 Predictions
Because our Linear Regression Line and Equation does show a linear correlation, we can
use it to make predictions. Understanding that we cant make predictions outside our data
range, we will be making predictions of weight within our data range of height: (165, 195).
Linear Regression Equation: Weight = 1.095 (Height) -110.274
Height (cm)
165
170
175
180
185
190
195

Weight (kg)
70.401
75.876
81.351
86.826
92.301
97.776
103.251

Analysis of Height and Weight

Part 7 Afterthoughts
Though our regression equation and predictions seem to make sense, what we
observed from the original data shows that mens weights can vary a lot within the heights
given. Many more factors other than just height can influence weight, so while we can
make predictions based on our data set, these predictions may not be representative of the
whole population. In reality, the weights of men will vary based on many more factors than
we have in our data and thus many will vary wildly from our predictions. Another thing to
note was that on our first attempt to plot our linear regression equation, there was a
miscalculation that made our predicted y much higher than plausible (above 180 kg or 400
lbs!) Common sense told us that this couldnt be an accurate prediction and that mean y
(82.975 kg or 182.93 lbs) was much more likely. This common sense led us to question the
numbers we were getting so we were able to go back and identify the mistake. This
showed us that when dealing with studies, predictions, and data, sometimes common sense
is your best tool for finding flaws and evaluating validity.