TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 1

2011 Preliminary Exam H2 Maths 9740

Paper 1 Solutions

1 Method of Difference

( )
1 1
1
1 1
2 ( 1)
n n
r r
r r
u u r

+
= =
= +



2 1
u u

3 2
u u +

4 3
1



n n
u u
u u

+
+
+

1
( 1)( 2)
n
u u n n = +

2
2 2 ( 1)
n
u n n n n = + + = +
Thus ( 1)
n
u n n = +
[Alternative Method]

Summing up to n terms, we obtain
2
1 1
2
1
( 3) 3
2 ( 1)( 2)
Thus ( 1)
n
n
n
u u n n n n
u n n n n
u n n
+
+
= + = +
= + + = + +
= +


2 Inequalities














To find intersection point, 2 ( 2 ) x a x a + =

3
a
x =
From the graph, for 2 2 x a x a < + ,

3
a
x >

Replace x by x and let a = 2 in the above inequality,
( ) 2(2) 2( ) 2 x x < + becomes 4 2 2 x x + <
Thus
2 2
3 3
x x > <
( )
1
2 2
2
n
n
| |
= +
|
\ .

3
a

2a
x
y
2a
2
a

2 y x a = +
2 y x a =
O
a
TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 2
3 Functions & Transformations
(i)







Since R
f
= (0, 2] _
+
= D
g
, gf exists.

Method 1 (mapping method)

(1, 1) (0, 2] (, ln 2] = Range of gf


Method 2 (graphical method)
gf(x) =
( )
2 2
1
ln 2 1 ln 2 ln(1 )
2
x x = + , 1 < x < 1










Range of gf = (, ln 2]

(ii) A translation of 1 unit along the positive x-axis followed by a scaling of
factor
1
2
along the x-axis.

OR
A scaling of factor
1
2
along the x-axis followed by a translation of
1
2
unit
along the positive x-axis.




1 1
y
x
2
y = f(x)
f g
1
1
y
x
ln2
y = gf(x)
TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 3

4 Mathematical Induction
(i)
2
3
4
1 1
2(1) 2
1 1 2
2 3(2) 3
2 1 3
3 4(3) 4
S
S
S
= =
= + =
= + =

(ii) 1
n
n
S
n

= , n > 2
(iii)
Let P
n
be the statement
1
n
n
S
n

= where n
+
eZ , n > 2.
When n = 2, LHS =
2
1
2
S = from (i)
RHS =
2 1 1
2 2

=
P
2
is true.
Assume P
k
be true for some k
+
eZ , k > 2, i.e.
1
k
k
S
k

= .
When n = k + 1,
1
1
2 2
1 1 1

( 1) ( 1) ( 1)
k k
k
r r
S
r r r r k k
+
+
= =
= = +
+



2
1 1
=
( 1)
( 1)( 1) 1
( 1)
( 1) 1
( 1) 1 1
k
k k k
k k
k k
k k k
k k k k

+
+
+
=
+
+
= = =
+ + +

Thus P
k +1
is true.

Since P
2
is true, and P
k +1
is true if P
k
is true, by the method of mathematical
induction, P
n
is true for all n
+
eZ , n > 2.

(iv)
As n ,
1 1
1
n
n
S
n n

= = 1 . Thus
( )
2
1
1
r
r r

converges to 1.














TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 4

5 Complex Numbers
(i)
3 1 2 z = + =
1
1 5
arg tan
6 3
z

| |
= =
|
\ .
t
t

( )
1
1 5 1
4
i
4 6 4
3 i 2 z e
| |
= + =
|
\ .
t
=
1
5
4
i 2
6
2e
k
| |
+
|
\ .
| |
|
|
\ .
t
t

5
1 1
i
24 2
4 4
2 e
k
z
t t | |
+
|
\ .
| |
= |
|
\ .
, k = 2, 1, 0, 1
=
1 19
i
4 24
2 e
t
,
1 7
i
4 24
2 e
t
,
1 5
i
4 24
2 e
t
,
1 17
i
4 24
2 e
t

(ii)
*
10
2i
w
z
| |
=
|
|
\ .

10
2i
w
z
| |
=
|
|
\ .
& arg
10
2
w
z
t
| |
=
|
|
\ .

1
2
10
2
w
z
= ( )
1
arg 10arg( )
2 2
w z
t
=
22
2 w = ( )
1 5 47
arg 10arg( ) 2 10
2 2 6 3
w z
t t t | | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .

Principal arg(w) =
47
16
3 3
t t
t =

[Alternative Method]
*
10
2i
w
z
| |
=
|
|
\ .

i
2
10
2e
w
z
t
| |
=
|
|
\ .

10
5
i i
6 2
2e 2e w
t t
| |
=
|
\ .

47
i i
22 22
3 3
2 e 2 e w
t t

22
2 w = and arg( )
3
w
t
=










TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 5
6 Tangents & Normals (Parametric Equations)
(i) d
2 2cos 2
d
x
u
u
= ,
d
2sin 2
d
y
u
u
=
d 2sin 2
d 2 2cos 2
y
x
u
u
=

2
4sin cos
4sin
u u
u
= cot u =

(ii)
At the point where
4
t
u = , 1,
2
x
t
= 2 y = ,
d
cot 1
d 4
y
x
t
= = .
Equation of the normal : 2 ( 1)
2
y x
t
= +
1
2
y x
t
= +
(iii)
When the tangent is parallel to the y-axis,
d
is undefined
d
y
x

cos
For to be undefined
sin
u
u
, sin 0 u =
u t = for 0 2 u t < <
When u t = , 2 , 1 x y t = =
the tangent is parallel to the y-axis at the point (2t, 1).

7 Maclaurins Series
y = ln (cosx)
d
d
y
x
=
sin
tan
cos
x
x
x

=
2
2
d
d
y
x
2
sec x =
2
(1 tan ) x = +
2
d
1
d
y
x
| |
=
|
\ .


3
3
d
d
y
x

2
2
d d
2
d d
y y
x x
| |
=
|
|
\ .

4
4
d
d
y
x

2
2 3
2 3
d d d
2
d d d
y y y
x x x

| | | |

= +
| | `
| |
\ . \ .
)

When x = 0, y = 0,
d
d
y
x
= 0,
2
2
d
d
y
x
= 1,
3
3
d
d
y
x
= 0,
4
4
d
d
y
x
= 2.
y =
2
2!
x

4
2
4!
x
+ =
2
2
x

4
12
x
+

Taking x =
4
t
,
2 4
2
1 4 4
ln
2! 4! 2
t t | | | |
| |
\ . \ .
~
2 4
1
ln 2
2 32 3072
t t
~
2 4
ln 2
16 1536
t t
~ +

TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 6

8 Vectors
(i)
Given acute angle between l
1
and l
2
is 60

,
2

1
0 0
1 2
cos60
2 4
q
q
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
=
+

2
1
2 4
2
q q + = +
(q + 2)
2
=
( )
2
1
4
2
q +
q
2
+ 8q + 4 = 0
8 48
4 2 3
2
q

= =
Markers comments:
The modulus on the scalar product was missing even when the angle was given to be acute
in the question. Among answers which applied the modulus, the modulus disappeared
right after the scalar product had been evaluated to be q + 2. Many students made careless
mistakes in expanding 2(q
2
+ 4) and (q + 2)
2
.

(ii)
Since C lies on l
1
,
7 1
3 0
7 1
OC
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
= +

for some
7
0
4
AC OC OA
| |
|
|
|
\ .
+
= =
+

Since
2
, AC l

2
0 d AC =

,

7 1
0 0 0
4 2
| |
| |
| |
|
|
| |
|
\ . \ .
+
=
+

5 =

2
3
2
OC
| |
|
|
|
\ .
=

(iii) Since the area of ABT is constant for all , l
1
and l
2
are parallel.

1
0 0
1 2
q
k
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
=

k =
1
2
and 2 q =






l
1
l
2
C

A(0,3,3)

Apply modulus to ensure an
acute angle is obtained
regardless of value of q.
Obtain OC

in terms of one
unknown only.
TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 7
[Alternative solution]
Since T lies on l
1
,
7 1
3 0
7 1
OT
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
= +

for some
Area of AABT
1

2
AB AT =



7
1
0 0
2
2 4
0
1
14 4 (2 )
2
2
1
14 4 (2 )
2
q
q q
q q

+ | | | |
| |
=
| |
| |
+
\ . \ .
| |
|
= +
|
|
\ .
= +

Since the area is a constant independent of , (2 q) = 0
2 q =
Markers comments:
Quite a number of students left the part unanswered. Some used the wrong formula eg
1

2
AB AT

, AB AT

. For students who attempted to use the cross-product formula,
many did not how to proceed after obtaining the area. Many students made mistakes in
evaluating
0
1
14 4 (2 )
2
2
q q
| |
|
+
|
|
\ .
; some wrong answers were ( )
1
14 4 (2 )
2
q q + and
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1
14 4 2
2
q q + + .























TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 8
9 AP & GP
(a) Sum of all integers between 1102 and 2011 inclusive
( )
2011 1102 1
1102 2011
2
+
= + = 1416415

1104, 1107, , 2010 is an AP with first term 1104 and common difference 3
( ) 2010 1104 1 3 303 n n = + =
Sum of integers between 1102 and 2011 that are divisible by 3
( )
303
1104 2010
2
= +
= 471771

required sum = 1416415 471771 = 944644

(b)
Let G
n
and H
n
be the nth term of G and H respectively.
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 1
2
2 2
2
1
1
n
n n
n
n
n
ar
G H
r
H
G
ar

= = = , a constant which is independent of n
Therefore, H is a geometric progression.

2
2
2
2
1 1
a a
r r
| |
=
|

\ .

( ) ( )
2
2
1 2 1 r r =
2
3 2 1 0 r r =
1
3
r = or r = 1 (rejected since 1 r < )
























TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 9
10 Applications of Integration (Area & Volume)
(a)














(b)























































Area =
( )( ) ( )( )
3
2
1 6 1
2 3 2 d 3 2 3
2 2
x
x
+
}

=
| |
3
2
6ln x
= ( ) 3 ln3 ln 2
y
x

2 2
4 3 0 x y y + + = ( )
2
2
2 1 x y + =
Volume =
( )
1
2 2
1 2
0
2 d y y x t t
}
where
2
1
2 1 y x = +
and
2
2
2 1 y x = .

=
( ) ( )
2 2
1
2 2
0
2 2 1 2 1 d x x x t
(
+
(

}

~ 39.5 using GC
6
y
x
=
2 y x =
3 y x =
0
( ) , 2 3 2
( ) , 3 2 3

x
y
y
TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 10
11 Graphing Techniques & Graph of f '(x)
(a)

















(b)(i) Horizontal asymptote: y = 0
Vertical asymptotes: x = 0, x = 3

(ii)
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2
3 2 3
d
d ( 3)
x x x p x
y
x x x
+ + +
=
+


( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 2 3 2 3
( 3)
x x x x px p
x x
+ + + +
=
+


2
2 2
2 3
( 3)
x px p
x x

=
+

Let
d
0
d
y
x
=
2
2 2
2 3
0
( 3)
x px p
x x

=
+


2
2 3 0 x px p + + =
Since C has two stationary points, discriminant > 0
2
4 12 0 p p >
( ) 3 0 p p >
0 or 3 p p < > (shown)

(iii)


















y = 0
x = 0
x = 3
( 6,
1
9
)


( 2, 1)
(4, 0)
y
x
4
( 3)
x
y
x x
+
=
+


1 3 5 7
1
2
2
x
y
O
x = 1 x = 7
y = 0
1
f ( )
y
x
=
O
TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 11
12 Vectors
(i)
A directional vector of l is
6 2 2
1 1 2 1
3 1 2
| | | | | |
| | |
=
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .

Equation of
2 2
is 1 1 ,
1 2
l
| | | |
| |
= + e
| |
| |

\ . \ .
r o o R

(ii)
2 2 1
1 1 2 6
1 2 2
2 8 6
1
( | | | | | |
( | | |
+ =
( | | |
| | |
(

\ . \ . \ .
+ =
=
o
o
o

Thus the position vector of point of intersection
2 2 4
1 1 0
1 2 1
| | | | | |
| | |
= + =
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .


(iii)
A vector // to m
2 2 1 2
1 2 2 2
2 2 3 3
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
= = =
| | | |
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .

2
// 2
3
| |
|

|
|

\ .
m

Alternative method

2 1 2 2
2 2 0 and 2 1 0
3 2 3 2
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
- = - =
| | | |
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .



(iv)
2
H is parallel to vectors
2 2
1 and 2
2 3
| | | |
| |
| |
| |

\ . \ .

Hence, equation of the plane
2
H is
2 2 2
1 1 2 , , .
1 2 3
| | | | | |
| | |
= + + e
| | |
| | |

\ . \ . \ .
r R
Equation of line m is
4 2
0 2 , .
1 3
| | | |
| |
= + e
| |
| |

\ . \ .
r | | R
Substitute x =4 2 + | , y = 2| and z = 1 3 | into the equation of
3
H
LHS = 4 2 14 4 12 (4 2 4 2 6 6) k + + + + + + | | | | | |
= 0 for any | and k
Thus every point on m is on the plane
3
H for all k.
Hence m lies in
3
H for all k.

Since (0, 0, 2) lies on
3
H , substitute x = 0, y = 0, z = 2 into the equation of
3
H
8 (4 6) 0 k + =
k = 4
equation of plane is 7 4 4( 2 2 6) 0 x y z x y z + + =
i.e. x + 5y + 4z = 8

TJC/MA9740/P1/Preliminary Exam 2011/Solutions 12