Leccin 7

PEDIATRIA Y MICROBIOLOGIA
1. Recin nacido newborn: It is a baby is 27 days or less from birth, either by birth or
cesarean. The definition of this period is important because it represents a very
short period of life; however, it happens very fast changes can lead to major
consequences for the rest of the life of the newborn.

2. Lactante infant: Initial period of extrauterine life during which the infant is fed
breast milk, the longer is infant will grow healthier, more child 28 days to 2 years
old. This period is further divided into two periods.
*Infant Minor: from 29 days old until 12 months of age.
* Infant Mayor: from 12 months to 24 months of age.

3. Nio child: It is the name used to refer to any human being who has not
reached puberty.

4. Paperas mumps: They are widespread, highly contagious viral disease that is
mainly characterized by the enlargement of the salivary glands, and usually
occurs in childhood.

5. Sarampin measles: It is an infectious disease caused by a virus called
Morbillivirus, which belongs to the paramyxovirus family, is highly contagious,
transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, or by air, droplets
Pflgge.

6. Varicela chickenpox: It is a disease caused by the varicella zoster virus that
usually appears in children. This disease is characterized by the appearance of
vesicular eruptions that produce itching. It can be transmitted through the air in
a sick bioaerosols when coughing or sneezing, or by direct contact with the sick
patient.

7. Viruela smallpox: Contagious infectious disease caused by a virus, characterized
by fever and cause blisters of pus in the skin to get dry and crusty as falling leave
permanent scars on the skin.


8. Rubola rubella: Infectious disease caused by a virus that is characterized by
the appearance of pink spots on the skin, slight fever and enlarged glands in the
neck.

9. Tosferina whooping cough: Highly contagious acute infectious disease of the
upper respiratory tract caused by bacilli of the species Bordetella pertussis. It is
characterized by airway inflammation and typical fits of violent, spasmodic
cough with choking sensation, ending with a loud noise (convulsive or
whooping cough) during inspiration.

10. Orzuelo sty: It is an inflammation of a gland of Zeiss or Moll gland at the base of
the eyelashes. You are also given this name to inflammation of the meibomian
glands in the eyelid, although in this case the term used is usually the internal
stye or chalazion.
There is a serious condition, but it can get to be quite painful. Styes are
particularly common in children.

11. Roncha, ppula bump: Smooth red lump on the skin leaving because of an
insect bite or a disease that often causes intense itching.

12. Eritema, rubor redness: Redness of the skin in patches or diffusely due to dilation
of capillaries. It can be caused by infection, heat, shame, and so on.

13. Flictena blster, bleb: Skin injury in the form of vesicle or bleb serous or
serosanguinous content as those produced by burns.

14. Tricocfalo whipworm: Nematodes are parasites of the intestine of mammals
found in the group that are transmitted by the ground or geohelminthiasis.
Affects man, with a wide geographical distribution, predominating in warm,
moist areas of tropical countries. It is estimated that the worldwide prevalence
of 500 million people infected.

15. Tenia tapeworm: Worm consisting of flattened rectangular segments whose
total length ranges from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the
species. The worm lives clinging to the small and large intestine. Tapeworms
have no digestive system, feed by absorbing nutrients from the animal in which
they live. At its head has suckers and hooks that allow their attachment to the
gut wall.


16. Lombriz roundworm: Worm pinkish white, soft-bodied, cylindrical, very
elongated, and divided by transverse rings; lives buried in moist soil and feeds
on organic matter.

17. Sida aids: Infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus,
which is transmitted sexually, through blood or from mother to fetus, and
decreases the body's natural defenses to reach its complete disappearance.

18. Mcula spot: It is a stain on the skin caused by an alteration of pigmentation,
blood flow or blood outlet (tissue).

19. Herpes zster singles: It is a disease caused by reactivation of latent varicella-
zoster virus, which affects the peripheral-neuropathy-2 gangliorradicular nerves
and skin, which can cause small, painful blisters in a ring clustered along a
dermatome.

20. Costra crust: It is a temporary skin formation, red or brown color, and blood
platelets comprising covering a wound to heal, and which serves as a protective
barrier for dermal regeneration. It is a type of secondary skin lesions.

21. Crecimiento growth: It is the action and effect of growth. Refers to take natural
increase, to produce increased by adding a new field or to acquire increased
symbolic meaning.

22. Desarrollo development: Process of evolution, growth and change of an object,
person or situation under certain conditions.

23. Antgeno antigen: Substance introduced into the animal organism he
determined an immune reaction such as the formation of antibodies.

24. Anticuerpo antibody: It is a glycoprotein or a protein linked to one or more
carbohydrates that can be found in soluble form in the blood or other bodily
fluid of the living vertebrates.

25. Fasciola, duela fluke: It is a species of trematode flatworm (fluke) of the Digenea
subclass, characterized by its lanceolate, with two suction cups, a mouth and a

ventral and a life cycle with two generations (digenean) in two hosts, a
gastropod mollusk amphibian and mammal.

26. Clula cebada mast cell: Are large rounded cells (20-30 um) and light
microscopy were characterized by cytoplasm filled with granules that stain
basophils metachromatically with toluidine blue. Its nucleus is spherical and is
situated in the center of the cell.

27. lcera sore: Open on our skin or mucous membrane characterized by the loss of
a substance injury.

28. Moho mold: It is a fungus that is found both outdoors and in damp places and
in low light. There are many species of molds are microscopic fungi kingdom
species, growing in unicellular or multicellular forms filaments.

29. Escarlatina scarlet fever: It is an infectious, acute, febrile disease caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes serogroup A. The incubation period is 2-4 days.It is
borne infection, usually by inhalation, which occurs most often in children of
school age 2-10 years old.

30. Bacilo, bastn rod: Is used to describe any rod-shaped bacteria or a rod, and can
be found in many different bacterial taxa.

31. Portador carrier: It is a person or animal, apparently healthy from the disease,
which has no apparent clinical disease, which houses the infectious agent and
can be a source of contagion.

32. Aguja needle: Small gauge metallic device that is used to puncture through the
skin to inject substances guides allow introducing or removing samples or fluids.

33. Jeringa syringe: Instrument used for introducing fluids into the body or for
removal.

34. Muestra sample: Part or small quantity of something that is considered
representative of the total and that is taken or is separated from it with certain
methods for submission to the study, analysis or experimentation.


35. Secrecin, dar de alta discharge: The process by which a cell or a living being
poured outside substance of any kind. Secretion is also called the released
substance.

36. Paludismo malaria: Serious, endemic infectious disease caused by protozoa of
the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to humans by the bite of infected
Anopheles mosquitoes. Characterized by fever, chills, anemia, splenomegaly,
and by the presence of parasites in erythrocytes, which destroys.

37. Husped host: It is that body which houses another inside or slide on each
other, either in a symbiosis of commensal or mutualistic.

38. Enterobios pinworms: It is a genus of nematodes rabdtidos Oxyuridae family,
commonly known as pinworms.

39. Necator hookworm: A genus of parasitic nematode worms.

40. Caspa dandruff: Thin, normal or pathological desquamation, persistently
localized on the scalp and the hair areas.

41. Cultivo culture: Solid or liquid medium in which a population has been spread a
certain type of microorganism (or cell of a macro-organism) resulting from the
previous inoculation of the medium, followed by incubation.

42. Anlisis assay: Chemical examination of an organic or inorganic sample, which is
to determine the nature and proportion of the substances that compose it.

43. Cepa, distensin strain: Set of organisms of the same species, colony or culture,
which have the same properties.

44. Forma shape: Outline of something or someone.

45. Conjuntivitis pinkeye: It is the inflammation of the conjunctiva layer, mucous
membrane that lines the eyelids and extending to the front of the eyeball.

46. Lepra leprosy: It is when properly treated infectious disease transmissibility
zero, although patients who are not treated (or when it is inadequate) do
constitute a source of infection due to immune reaction to some of the bacteria.


47. Agudo acute: Applies to the disease or the symptom that appear suddenly and
violently but are short.

48. Cronico chronic: Applies to the disease that is suffered along long time, usually
no cure, although treatment that prevents its consequences.

49. Herpes labial cold sore: It is an infection that usually manifests as small super
painful blisters in the mouth, gums, lips, and around corners, caused by herpes
simplex.

50. Faringoamigdalitis supurativa sore throat: It is an infection of the pharynx and
tonsils, ie, throat and anginas.Se is one of the most common infections in
childhood, especially at school age.




















7.1 Yeast

The fungi (molds and yeasts) are eucaryotic cells.
Yeasts, like molds, are microscopic fungi, but unlike every other type of
fungi, they exist as simple, independent cells. These are usually round or
ovoid but may have other shapes. Yeast cells differ from bacteria in that
they are eucaryotic cells and usually larger than the average bacterium,
and they reproduce by different mechanisms. Yeasts, then, are simpler
than molds, but their cellular structure is more complex than that of the
bacteria.
Like molds, most yeasts reproduce both sexually and asexually. A common
method of sexual spore formation is that in which two yeast cells fuse to a
single saclike cell.

7.1 Levadura

Los hongos (mohos y levaduras) son clulas eucariotas.
Levaduras, como moldes son hongos microscpicos sino a diferencia de
cualquier otro tipo de hongos que existen como clulas simples,
independientes. Estos son generalmente redondas u ovoides, pero pueden
tener otras formas. Las clulas de levadura se diferencian de las bacterias,
ya que son clulas eucariticas y por lo general ms grande que la bacteria
promedio, y se reproducen por diferentes mecanismos. Las levaduras, a
continuacin, son ms simples que los moldes, pero su estructura celular
es ms compleja que la de las bacterias.
Al igual que los moldes, la mayora de las levaduras se reproducen tanto
sexual como asexualmente. Un mtodo comn de formacin de esporas
sexual es aquella en la que dos clulas de levadura se fusionan para una
sola clula en forma de saco.




7.2 Some viruses

Symptoms attributed to the common cold can result from infection by any one of 100
different serotypes of rhinoviruses, 4 different serotypes of parainfluenza viruses,
respiratory syncytial virus, and 3 serotypes of reoviruses. Thus, the effectiveness of a
vaccine seems highly unlikely. Adenoviruses produce a somewhat more severe upper
respiratory infection than that we think of as a common cold. In addition, certain
serotypes of adenovirus have been shown to induce cancer in newborn hamsters.
There are three serological types of influenza virus, but epidemics are most frequently
caused by type. A This virus undergoes periodic mutations resulting in antigenic
changes that allow it to spread throughout the world in an essentially nonimmune
population. There is only one antigenic type of mumps or measles virus. A living
attenuated vaccine is routinely used to prevent both measles (rubeola) and mumps.
Rubella is a very mild infection that is serious only in pregnant women. In these cases it
can cross the placental wall, infect the fetus, and result in many congenital defects in
the child. A living attenuated vaccine is now available that appears to simulate
immunity. Chickenpox (varicella) is a moderately mild childhood disease caused by a
herpesvirus. Apparently, after recovery from chickenpox, the virus continues to exist
for many years as a latent infection. This latent infection is sometimes activated in
adults to produce a sensory nerve infection called zoster or shingles. Smallpox appears
to have been eliminated from the world.
7.2 Algunos virus

Los sntomas atribuidos al resfriado comn pueden resultar de la infeccin por uno cualquiera
de 100 serotipos diferentes de los rinovirus, 4 serotipos diferentes de virus de parainfluenza,
virus sincitial respiratorio, y 3 serotipos de reovirus. Por lo tanto, la eficacia de una vacuna
parece muy poco probable. Los adenovirus producen una infeccin respiratoria superior algo
ms grave que la que consideramos como un resfriado comn. Adems, se ha demostrado que
ciertos serotipos de adenovirus para inducir cncer en hmsters recin nacidos. Hay tres tipos
serolgicos del virus de la gripe, pero epidemias son causados ms frecuentemente por tipo.
Un virus Este sufre mutaciones peridicas resultantes de cambios antignicos que permiten
que se extendi por todo el mundo en una poblacin esencialmente no inmune. Slo hay un
tipo antignico de las paperas o el virus del sarampin. Una vacuna atenuada viva se utiliza
rutinariamente para prevenir el sarampin (rubola) y las paperas. La rubola es una infeccin
muy leve que es grave en las mujeres embarazadas. En estos casos, puede atravesar la pared
de la placenta, infectar al feto y causar muchos defectos congnitos en el nio. Una vacuna
atenuada viva est disponible ahora que parece simular la inmunidad. La varicela (varicela) es
una enfermedad moderadamente infantil leve causada por un herpesvirus. Al parecer, despus
de la recuperacin de la varicela, el virus contina existiendo durante muchos aos como una
infeccin latente. Esta infeccin latente se activa en los adultos a veces para producir una
infeccin del nervio sensorial llamado zster o culebrilla. La viruela parece haber sido eliminado
del mundo.