TRANSFORM Partner

Dr. Jrgen Schbel

Messko GmbH
Insulating Materials: Analyses and their application for
transformer and tap changer monitoring
06.06.2013 Dr. Jrgen Schbel, Messko GmbH Page 2
Personal Introduction
Name Dr. Jrgen Schbel
Age 49
Studies
1983 1989

1989 - 1991

Chemistry at Ludwig-Maximilians-
University, Munich
PhD Thesis at Max-Planck-
Institute for Polymer Research,
Mainz
1991 - 2011 Work at a Mineral Oil Company,
Refining
Since 2011 Head of Basic Development, Oil
Laboratory and Diagnostics at
Messko Instruments, Oberursel
Email j.schuebel@messko.com
1. Oil and paper degradation processes
2. Analyses for monitoring these degradation processes
3. Data interpretation for transformers and tap changers
4. Online analysis systems
5. Conclusion Integrated Control System
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Agenda
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Degradation processes Mineral Oil
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
c
o
r
r
o
s
i
v
e

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

+
O-O .
C
C
C
+
OH
CHO
O
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
COOH
C
C
C
+
COO
-
H
+
C
C
C
Corrosion
+
C
C
C
C
C
H
2
, CH
4
, C
2
H
2
,
C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Oil Sludge
+
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l

c
a
t
a
l
y
t
i
c

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

E
n
e
r
g
y

i
n
p
u
t

p
r
o
c
e
s
s

Chemical high reactive
intermediate products
Acid value
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Degradation processes
reduction of oil quality (carbon + ketones)
fast reduction of depolymerisation value (DP)
chemical reaction water + acid
reduction of oil quality (water + gases)
carbonisation of paper
oxidative / hydrolytic depolymerisation
low activation energy
This aging process you will also find
in deenergized transformers in the presence
of oxygen and moisture
thermal depolymerisation
high activation energy
chemical reaction

chemical reaction
oil
dissolved gases
alcohols, acids
oil sludge
cellulose
carbon monoxide CO
carbon dioxide CO
2
dissolved glucose rings
oxidation water
acids
ketones
(carbon bounded molecules)

hydrolysis dissolved glucose molecules
Oxidative Hydrolysis
water + acids + oxygen
Pyrolysis
temperature
Ambient 118C 150C 100C 105C 75C - 98C
water water
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Analyses methods
DGA
Color Index
Interfacial Tension
Moisture
Breakdown Voltage
Solids
Neutralization number / Aciditiy
Impurities
Furane analysis
Degree of polymerisation (DP)
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Data Interpretation Chemical and Electrical
Parameters
Propert y Categor y a Recommended
action limits
Good Fair
Poor
Recommended action b, c Notes
Col our and appearance Al l Cl ear and Dark
and/or wi thout vi si bl e
turbi d
contami nati on
As di ctated by other tests Dark col our i s a symptom of chemi cal
contami nati on or agei ng.
Turbi di ty i s a symptom of hi gh water content
Breakdown vol tage (kV) O, A, D > 60 50 to 60 <
50
Good: Conti nue normal sampl i ng.
Fai r: More frequent sampl i ng. Check other
parameters, e.g. water, parti cl e content and
perhaps DDF/resi sti vi ty
and aci di ty.
Poor: Recondi ti on the oi l (see 11.2) or,
al ternati vel y, i f more economi cal
because other tests i ndi cate severe agei ng,
repl ace (see Cl ause 12) or recl ai m (see
11.3) the oi l combi ned
wi th subsequent dryi ng procedures
B, E > 50 40 to 50 <
40
C > 40 30 to 40 <
30
F < 30 kV for OLTC i n star-poi nt
appl i cati on.
< 40 kV for OLTC i n del ta
or l i ne-end appl i cati on
G < 30
W ater content (mg/kg at
transformer operati ng
temperature)
O, A < 15 15 to 20 >
20
Good: Conti nue normal sampl i ng.
Fai r: More frequent sampl i ng. Check other
parameters e.g. breakdown
vol tage, parti cl e content and perhaps
DDF/resi sti vi ty and aci di ty.
Poor: Check source of water,
recondi ti on the oi l (see 11.2) or,
al ternati vel y, i f more economi cal
because other tests i ndi cate severe agei ng,
repl ace (see Cl ause 12) or recl ai m (see
11.3) the oi l combi ned
wi th subsequent dryi ng procedures,
al though regard shoul d be taken of the quanti ty
of water that wi l l sti l l be
retai ned i n the sol i d i nsul ati on
The val ues of water content shal l be al ways
regarded together wi th the val ues for breakdown vol tage. In
case of a suspi ci on of a moi sture
probl em, sampl i ng at di fferent equi pment
temperatures i s recommended.
In case of swi tchi ng equi pment wi thout paper
i nsul ati on (Category F), the val ues of breakdown vol tage are
of overri di ng i mportance.
The l i sted l i mi t val ues represent 90 % stati sti cal val ues and
are val i d for transformer operati ng
temperatures. The equi l i bri um between sol i d and l i qui d
i nsul ati on under 40 C i s not rel i abl e and for heavy l oaded
transformers wi th oi l temperature
over 70 C an i mpl ementati on of the correcti on procedure
descri bed i n Annex A may be useful .
B, D < 20 20 to 30 >
30
C, E < 30 30 to 40 >
40
F Acti on
necessi ty > 40
G Not a routi ne test
Table 5 Application and interpretation of tests (1 of 4), IEC 60422 - 2013
Data Interpretation DGA / Transformer
Key gas ratio acc. to Rogers
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Key gas ratios according to
Rogers
Principal gases
Key gas ratio acc. to Doernenburg
Source: IEEE C57.104
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Data Interpretation DGA / Transformer
Duval Triangle acc. to DIN EN 60599
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Data Interpretation DGA / Tap Changer
generated by CIGRE Working group D1.32 (disbanded); see Final Report: CIGRE Brochure 443
Examples:
GE LRT-72, McGrawEdison 550, Westinghouse UTT, UTS :
Reinhausen OILTAP

M, ABB UCG :
Reinhausen VACUTAP

RMV-II, GE LRT-200..700 :
Reinhausen VACUTAP

VR series, VACUTAP

VM :
AXC
ARS
VXC
VRS
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Data Interpretation DGA / Tap Changer
R
VAC

Classification:
VRS
H
2
C
2
H
2
CH
4
C
2
H
6
C
2
H
4
CO
H
2
C
2
H
2
CH
4
C
2
H
6
C
2
H
4
CO
b
a
r
r
i
e
r

b
o
a
r
d

transformer tank selector tank
Heating
Pattern <300C
Sparking
Pattern
Very low absolute
ppm levels
Temperature
mechanical thermometers
bellow type
type with Bourdon spring

Moisture
systems based on capacity measurement

DGA
gaschromatographic systems (5 to 9 gases)
IR spectroscopic systems (3 to 9 gases)
photoacoustic systems (up to 9 gases)
systems based on semiconductive metal oxides sensors (1 to 2 gases)
systems based on fuel cells (1 gas or sum of gases)

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Online Analysis Systems
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Integrated Control System - Summary
Integrated Control System
Laboratory Analysis
Break down voltage
Interfacial tension
Furane analysis

Online Analysis
DGA (2 to 5 gases)
Moisture
Temperature
with easy-to-use and
robust systems
Specific Knowledge
Transformer
Tap Changer
Chemistry
Physics
Data evaluation
Laboratory
Online
Knowledge
Integration of laboratory and online data together with knowledge
leads to enhanced operational safety and projectable maintenance
in a short period of time
Together with additional qualification of the staff cost reductions
and longer life cylce times can be expected in a medium period of
time
Collecting many data of normal and failure operation leads to big
data basis generating increased knowledge, better analyses and
data interpretation and enhancement of standards.
Dr. Albert Hauser founds the company
Concentration on radiator thermometers for motor vehicles
First thermometer with bourdon tube
The brand was born
Main focus on industry/plant engineering
First thermometer of Compact Series
Start of Oil Level Indicator Series
Messko moves to new location
Becomes the subsidiary of Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen
Market introduction MESSKO

MPreC

and MESSKO

MTraB

New Messko works in Oberursel
New Flow Indicator MESSKO

MFloC

will be launched
100th anniversary
Introduction MESSKO

MSafe

Buchholz Relay and MESSKO

MLog

06.06.2013 Page 14
Messko Instruments
Foundation of Messko Nordic in Sweden

1911
1922
1932
1935

1954
1960

1975

1989

1999

2003

2008
2010
2011
2012
Dr. Jrgen Schbel, Messko GmbH
06.06.2013 Dr. Jrgen Schbel, Messko GmbH Page 15
Thank you for your attention !
1. M. Duval: The Duval triangle for Load Tap Changers, Non-Mineral Oils and Low temperature Faults in Transformers, IEEE Electrical
Insulation Magazine, 0883-7554/07, 2008
2. P.Birkbeck et.al.: Electric Arc Furnace Tap Changers A Multifaceted Approach to Improving the Reliability and Performance of EAF On-
Load TapChangers, AISTech Pittsburgh, 2010
3. Final Report of CIGRE WG D1.32: CIGRE Brochure No. 443, Dec 2010
4. IEEE PC57.139: Draft Guide for Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer Load Tap Changers,
D16, Oct 2010
Literature
THE POWER BEHI ND POWER.
www.reinhausen.com