Chapter 11: Thick-wall cylinders

End caps or hemispherical ends. Solution

far from end caps.
Closed cylinder with internal pressure, external pressure, and axial loads.
Governing equations
Equations of equilibrium
Stresses in thick-wall cylinder. Thin annulus of thickness dz.
( )

= =
rr rr
rr
r
dr
d
dr
d
r or
Governing equations - continued
Strain displacement
Compatibility
or
Hookes law
r
u
rr

=
r
u
=

z
w
zz

=
rr
d
r
dr

= ( )
rr
r
dr
d
=

( ) [ ]
( ) [ ]
( ) [ ] constant T v
E
T v
E
T v
E
rr zz zz
zz rr
zz rr rr
= + + =
+ + =
+ + =

1
1
1
Cylinder with close ends
Combining equilbrium, compatibility and Hookes law
With equilbrium
Integration
,
Where
1
0 2
1 1
rr rr
d E T E T
C
dr v v





+ + = + + =



( ) r C
v
T E
r
dr
d
rr 1
2
2
1
+

( )
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1 r
C
C
r
a
Trdr
v r
E
r
a
rr
+

( )
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1 1 r
C
C
r
a
v
T E
Trdr
v r
E
r
a

+ =

b
Trdr
E
b p a p C
1
2
2
2
1
2 2
1

2
a p C =


a
v a b 1
1 2
Z-stress and strain
With some algebra
( )
( ) ( )( )

=
b
a
closedend zz
Trdr
a b v
a E
v
T E
a b
P
a b
b p a p
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1

( )
( )
( )
( )

=
b
a
closedend zz
Trdr
a b E a b
P
b p a p
a b E
v
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
1
2 2
2 2 1

Axial equilibrium of closed-end cylinder

( )
( )
2 2
1 2
2
b
zz
a
r dr P p a p b = +

Constant temperature
Equations simplify to
( )
( )
constant
a b
b p a p
constant
a b
P
a b
b p a p
p p
a b r
b a
a b
b p a p
p p
a b r
b a
a b
b p a p
rr
zz
rr
=

= +
=

=
2 2
2
2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
1
2 1
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
1
2 1
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
1
) ( 2
) (
) (
) (

Does it reduce to thin cylinder

equations? How fast?
Internal pressure with average radius R and thickness t
Check the other two!
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 4 2 2
3 2 2
1
1
2
2 2
1
1 1
max min
( )
( )( ) 2 ( 0.5) 1 /
0.5 0.5 0.25 1 0.5 /
1 0.5 /
1 /
2 2
1 / /
2
/ 0.2 1.02 0.81
p a p a b
b a r b a
b a b a b a Rt a R t R t R
a b R t R t R t R t R
p R t R
p R t R
t r t
p R
t R R r
t
p R p R
t R
t t

= +

= + = =
= + =

+
+
= = =
Example 11.1
A thick-wall cylinder is made of steel (E = 200 GPa and v = 0.29), has an
inside diameter of 20mm, and has an outside diameter of 100mm. The
cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure of 300 MPa. Determine the
stress components and at r = a = 10mm, r = 25mm, and r = b =
50mm.
The external pressure = 0. Equations 11.20 and 11.21 simplify to
,
Substitution of values for r equal to 10mm, 25mm, and 50mm, respectively,
into these equations yields the following results:
Stress r = 10 mm r = 25 mm r = 50 mm
-300.0 MPa -37.5 MPa 0.0
325.0 MPa 62.5 MPa 25.0 MPa
rr

rr

2
p
) (
(
2 2 2
) 2 2 2
1
a b r
b r a
p
rr

=
) (
) (
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
a b r
b r a
p

+
=

Compare to thin cylinder

approximation
Use average radius of 60mm and
thickness of 80mm. Then
1
300 60
225
80
p r
MPa
t

= = =
Problem 11.4
A long closed cylinder has an internal radius a = 100mm
and an external radius b = 250mm. It is subjected to an
internal pressure = 80.0 MPa ( = 0). Determine the
maximum radial, circumferential and axial stresses in the
cylinder.
By Eqs. (11.20) (11.22), with a = 100mm, b = 250 mm,
= 80.0 MPa, and = 0, we have at r = a = 100mm,
Mpa
a b
b a
p
Mpa p
a b
b a
p
rr
5 . 110
100 250
250 100
80
80
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1
1
2 2
2 2
1
=

+
=

+
=
= =

Mpa
a b
a
p
zz
2 . 15
100 250
100
80
2 2
2
2 2
2
1
=

=
1
p
2
p
1
p
2
p
Reading assignment
Sections 11.4-11.5: Question: What is idealabout ideal
residual stress distributions?
Source: www.library.veryhelpful.co.uk/ Page11.htm