Determination

CHAPTER-4
DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

4.1 EVALUATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
Convective heat transfer coefficient can be defined as the amount of heat transmitted
for a unit temperature difference between the fluid and unit area of the surface in unit
time. The value of hc depend on the following factors:
1. Thermodynamic and transport property (viscosity, density, specific heat etc.)
2. Nature of fluid flow
3. Geometry of the surface
Dimensionless Number:
1. Nusselts no.(Nu)= hcw/(k/d) = convective heat transfer coefficient/ conductive heat
transfer coefficient
2. Grashoffs no.( Gr) = gd32t/2 = Bouyancy force/ Viscous force
3. Prandtl no.(Pr) =Cp/k =momentum diffusivity/ thermal diffusivity
4. Rayleigh no.(Ra) = (Gr.Pr)
In actual convection, transition in a boundary layer depends on the relative
magnitude of the buoyancy and viscous force in the fluid. It is correlated in terms of a
Ra number, which is the product of Gr and Pr numbers, where Gr looks after the type
of flow and Pr the type of fluid. The temperature dependent physical properties of
vapour (humid air) used.
Temperature dependent physical properties of vapour
Quantity
Symbol
Expression
Specific heat
Cp
999.2+0.1434 x Tv + 1.101 x 10-4x Tv2-6.7581x 10-8x Tv3
Density
353.44/(Tv x 273.15)
28
Thermal
conductivity
0.0244 x 0.7673 x 10-4 x Tv
Viscosity
10718 x 10-5 + 4.620 x 10-8xTv
Latent heat of
Vaporization of
water
For(Tv > 700C) 3.1615x106x[1-(7.616x10-4xTv)];
Partial Vapour
pressure at
Cover temperature;
Partial Vapour
pressure at water
temperature;
Expansion factor
Pci
exp[25.317 5144/(Tci + 273)]
Pw
exp[25.317 5144/(Tw + 273)]
1/(Tv + 273.15)
For(Tv < 700C)2.4935x106x[1-9.4779x10-4Tv +1.3132x107

xTv2- 4.7974x10-9xTv3];
4.1.1 METHODOLOGY
The methodology used by Tiwari & Shruti (1998), and Kumar and Tiwari 1996
evaluating c & n.
We know the relation between Nusselt No.,Grashoff No.& Prandtl No.
Nu=f(Gr.Pr )
For heat flow from the horizontal water surface in the upward direction, i.e. against the
forces of gravity, Jakob (1994, 1957) has suggested the following relationship by
correlating the experimental data of Mull and Reiher:
Nu= C (Gr.Pr)n
Nu = (hcw.d/k) = C(Gr.Pr)n
hcw = (k/d) C(Gr.Pr)n
The relation between evaporative heat transfer coefficient and convective heat
transfer coefficient.
hew = 0.016273*hcw*(Pw-Pci / Tw-Tci)
hew = 0.016273*[(k/d)c(Gr.Pr)n*(Pw-Pci/ Tw-Tci)]
Thus the heat transfer per unit area per unit time evaporation from the water
surface to glass covers
qew = hew (Tw-Tci)

29
qew= 0.016273*[(k/d)c(Gr.Pr)n*(Pw-Pci / Tw-Tci)*(Tw-Tci)]

= 0.016273[(k/d)c(Gr.Pr)n(Pw-Pci)]
It can also be written as
qew = hew (Tw -Tci)
The rate of mass transfer mew is given by
me = qew/L
mw = 0.016273(Pw-Pci)(k/d)c(Gr.Pr)n*(3600/L)*Aw
Let, R=0.016273(Pw-Pci)(k/d)(3600/L)*(0.5*0.5)
mw=R C (Ra)n
Therefore, Ra= (Gr.Pr)
mw/R =C(Ra)n
.(1)
Equation (1) can be written as,

y = a xb
(2)
Where, y= mw/R; a=c; x=Ra; b=n

Equation (2) can be reduced in an equation of straight line by taking log on both sides
ln(y) = ln(a) + b ln(x)
or, y=a+ bx
.(3)
where, y= ln(y); a= ln(a) ; b= b ; x= ln(x)

from equation (3) values of a and b are calculated by using linear regression analysis
b =[ N.(x.y)-(x).(y)]/[N(x2)-(x)2]
a = (y/N) b (x/N)
N= No. of experimental observation
a = ln(a)
exp (a) = a = c
b= b = n
30
4.1.2 DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFICIENT FOR

30 DEGREE GLASS COVERINCLINATIONS
Table 4.1 determination of hc for 15 cm depth and 30o inclination
TIME
df
Gr
Pr
hc (w/m2)
7:00-8:00
0.02651
0.175
2723140
0.698225
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.290840983
8:00-9:00
0.026855
0.175
2335921
0.697483
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.28212615
9:00-10:00
0.027028
0.175
3214880
0.697124
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.34397473
10:00-11:00
0.027258
0.175
3575413
0.696657
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.373819217
11:00-12:00
0.027527
0.175
2980893
0.69613
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.355388149
12:00-13:00
0.027776
0.175
2029124
0.695657
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.302027827
13:00-14:00
0.02793
0.175
1072357
0.695373
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.206800011
14:00-15:00
0.027834
0.175
434541.2
0.695549
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.071709793
15:00-16:00
0.02768
0.175
3899794
0.695837
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.410428077
16:00-17:00
0.027642
0.175
3894220
0.69591
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.408234853
17:00-18:00
0.027546
0.175
4316161
0.696093
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.421946319
18:00-19:00
0.027373
0.175
5600321
0.696429
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.460893816
19:00-20:00
0.027239
0.175
6028477
0.696695
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.467534606
20:00-21:00
0.027162
0.175
6029439
0.69685
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.46347188
21:00-22:00
0.027047
0.175
6036592
0.697084
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.457553867
22:00-23:00
0.026951
0.175
5613437
0.697282
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.439025721
23:00-00:00
0.026894
0.175
5187331
0.697402
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.421586557
00:00-1:00
0.026817
0.175
5199898
0.697564
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.418010432
1:00-2:00
0.026759
0.175
4775058
0.697686
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.399687384
2:00-3:00
0.026702
0.175
4349983
0.697809
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.380184477
3:00-4:00
0.026625
0.175
4365773
0.697974
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.376896752
4:00-5:00
0.026587
0.175
4374439
0.698058
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.375281791
5:00-6:00
0.026568
0.175
3939914
0.698099
1.345786703
0.127650138
1.356068689
31

TIME
df
Gr
Pr
hc (w/m2)
7:00-8:00
0.026605988
0.225
926615.5
0.698016
2.116706
0.124201
1.318744
8:00-9:00
0.026816995
0.225
4043111
0.697564
2.116706
0.124201
1.59596
9:00-10:00
0.02708555
0.225
7067279
0.697006
2.116706
0.124201
1.727546
10:00-11:00
0.02739247
0.225
7339834
0.696391
2.116706
0.124201
1.75516
11:00-12:00
0.027680208
0.225
5003937
0.695837
2.116706
0.124201
1.691017
12:00-13:00
0.027872033
0.225
2185282
0.695479
2.116706
0.124201
1.536142
13:00-14:00
0.027967945
0.225
862366.5
0.695303
2.116706
0.124201
1.373269
14:00-15:00
0.028025493
0.225
934107
0.695198
2.116706
0.124201
1.389794
15:00-16:00
0.027987128
0.225
6544083
0.695268
2.116706
0.124201
1.76753
16:00-17:00
0.027795303
0.225
10194112
0.695621
2.116706
0.124201
1.854881
17:00-18:00
0.027603478
0.225
11965815
0.695983
2.116706
0.124201
1.879231
18:00-19:00
0.02739247
0.225
12828350
0.696391
2.116706
0.124201
1.881194
19:00-20:00
0.027200645
0.225
12812918
0.696772
2.116706
0.124201
1.867868
20:00-21:00
0.02708555
0.225
12823282
0.697006
2.116706
0.124201
1.860228
21:00-22:00
0.026989638
0.225
11920604
0.697203
2.116706
0.124201
1.836977
22:00-23:00
0.026893725
0.225
11024969
0.697402
2.116706
0.124201
1.812842
23:00-00:00
0.026797813
0.225
10133980
0.697604
2.116706
0.124201
1.787634
00:00-1:00
0.0267019
0.225
9245298
0.697809
2.116706
0.124201
1.761111
1:00-2:00
0.02662517
0.225
9278858
0.697974
2.116706
0.124201
1.756892
2:00-3:00
0.02654844
0.225
9316786
0.698141
2.116706
0.124201
1.752769
3:00-4:00
0.02647171
0.225
9359061
0.69831
2.116706
0.124201
1.748739
4:00-5:00
0.026433345
0.225
9381823
0.698395
2.116706
0.124201
1.746757
5:00-6:00
0.02639498
0.225
9405665
0.69848
2.116706
0.124201
1.744799
32

TIME
df
Gr
Pr
hc (w/m2)
7:00-8:00
0.026568
0.25
3871604
0.698099
1.473818
0.154243
1.537856
8:00-9:00
0.026779
0.25
8478349
0.697645
1.473818
0.154243
1.749102
9:00-10:00
0.027105
0.25
8990846
0.696967
1.473818
0.154243
1.786233
10:00-11:00
0.027527
0.25
6849643
0.69613
1.473818
0.154243
1.739187
11:00-12:00
0.027891
0.25
3265505
0.695443
1.473818
0.154243
1.571702
12:00-13:00
0.028179
0.25
648665.6
0.694924
1.473818
0.154243
1.2374
13:00-14:00
0.028352
0.25
2634430
0.694622
1.473818
0.154243
1.545311
14:00-15:00
0.028294
0.25
9201026
0.694722
1.473818
0.154243
1.870337
15:00-16:00
0.028083
0.25
12937007
0.695095
1.473818
0.154243
1.956737
16:00-17:00
0.027834
0.25
14011528
0.695549
1.473818
0.154243
1.963574
17:00-18:00
0.027565
0.25
16394154
0.696056
1.473818
0.154243
1.992532
18:00-19:00
0.027297
0.25
16315751
0.696581
1.473818
0.154243
1.971891
19:00-20:00
0.027086
0.25
15064190
0.697006
1.473818
0.154243
1.93289
20:00-21:00
0.026951
0.25
13836998
0.697282
1.473818
0.154243
1.89838
21:00-22:00
0.026817
0.25
12624417
0.697564
1.473818
0.154243
1.862505
22:00-23:00
0.026721
0.25
11400783
0.697768
1.473818
0.154243
1.826971
23:00-00:00
0.026664
0.25
7613673
0.697891
1.473818
0.154243
1.713019
00:00-1:00
0.026587
0.25
5093065
0.698058
1.473818
0.154243
1.605438
1:00-2:00
0.026529
0.25
6388533
0.698183
1.473818
0.154243
1.658996
2:00-3:00
0.026491
0.25
6403207
0.698268
1.473818
0.154243
1.657215
3:00-4:00
0.026453
0.25
6418620
0.698352
1.473818
0.154243
1.655459
4:00-5:00
0.026395
0.25
7733517
0.69848
1.473818
0.154243
1.700077
5:00-6:00
0.026376
0.25
6451658
0.698523
1.473818
0.154243
1.652027
33
4.1.3 DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFICIENT FOR

23 DEGREE GLASS COVERINCLINATIONS
TIME
df
Gr
Pr
hc (w/m2)
7:00-8:00
0.026568
0.135
365583.7
0.698099
1.158285
0.135156
1.226344206
8:00-9:00
0.026779
0.135
1112042
0.697645
1.158285
0.135156
1.436509694
9:00-10:00
0.02699
0.135
1304482
0.697203
1.158285
0.135156
1.4792742
10:00-11:00
0.027277
0.135
1022276
0.696619
1.158285
0.135156
1.446425254
11:00-12:00
0.027527
0.135
500808.8
0.69613
1.158285
0.135156
1.32532574
12:00-13:00
0.027719
0.135
182046.7
0.695764
1.158285
0.135156
1.163879405
13:00-14:00
0.027834
0.135
199488.6
0.695549
1.158285
0.135156
1.183204731
14:00-15:00
0.027757
0.135
1395478
0.695692
1.158285
0.135156
1.534807445
15:00-16:00
0.027661
0.135
1988860
0.695873
1.158285
0.135156
1.604589373
16:00-17:00
0.027623
0.135
1986127
0.695946
1.158285
0.135156
1.602088722
17:00-18:00
0.027488
0.135
2177617
0.696204
1.158285
0.135156
1.614339349
18:00-19:00
0.027277
0.135
2370150
0.696619
1.158285
0.135156
1.620526578
19:00-20:00
0.027105
0.135
2172992
0.696967
1.158285
0.135156
1.591586456
20:00-21:00
0.027009
0.135
1977535
0.697163
1.158285
0.135156
1.565938777
21:00-22:00
0.026894
0.135
1983025
0.697402
1.158285
0.135156
1.559922359
22:00-23:00
0.026779
0.135
1990684
0.697645
1.158285
0.135156
1.554129065
23:00-00:00
0.026721
0.135
1795213
0.697768
1.158285
0.135156
1.529313126
00:00-1:00
0.026664
0.135
1599417
0.697891
1.158285
0.135156
1.502421624
1:00-2:00
0.026606
0.135
1403115
0.698016
1.158285
0.135156
1.472915395
2:00-3:00
0.026548
0.135
1206126
0.698141
1.158285
0.135156
1.440018723
3:00-4:00
0.02651
0.135
1208823
0.698225
1.158285
0.135156
1.438395251
4:00-5:00
0.026472
0.135
1211659
0.69831
1.158285
0.135156
1.436792172
5:00-6:00
0.026414
0.135
1013245
0.698438
1.158285
0.135156
1.399466326
34

TIME
df
Gr
Pr
hc (w/m2)
7:00-8:00
0.02651
0.185
642261.6
0.698225
4.334211
0.078585
1.726989
8:00-9:00
0.026759
0.185
2597899
0.697686
4.334211
0.078585
1.945465
9:00-10:00
0.027066
0.185
3223051
0.697045
4.334211
0.078585
2.001262
10:00-11:00
0.027373
0.185
2679997
0.696429
4.334211
0.078585
1.994681
11:00-12:00
0.027661
0.185
1322121
0.695873
4.334211
0.078585
1.906658
12:00-13:00
0.027795
0.185
144627
0.695621
4.334211
0.078585
1.610058
13:00-14:00
0.027872
0.185
1544729
0.695479
4.334211
0.078585
1.944754
14:00-15:00
0.02793
0.185
3104747
0.695373
4.334211
0.078585
2.058639
15:00-16:00
0.027834
0.185
4639873
0.695549
4.334211
0.078585
2.117417
16:00-17:00
0.027642
0.185
4600674
0.69591
4.334211
0.078585
2.101508
17:00-18:00
0.02745
0.185
4576936
0.696279
4.334211
0.078585
2.086163
18:00-19:00
0.02745
0.185
193922.8
0.696279
4.334211
0.078585
1.627253
19:00-20:00
0.027258
0.185
220527.5
0.696657
4.334211
0.078585
1.632359
20:00-21:00
0.026913
0.185
4588761
0.697362
4.334211
0.078585
2.046008
21:00-22:00
0.026817
0.185
4089846
0.697564
4.334211
0.078585
2.020404
22:00-23:00
0.02674
0.185
4101947
0.697727
4.334211
0.078585
2.015128
23:00-00:00
0.026664
0.185
4116002
0.697891
4.334211
0.078585
2.009923
00:00-1:00
0.026587
0.185
4132000
0.698058
4.334211
0.078585
2.004788
1:00-2:00
0.02651
0.185
4149931
0.698225
4.334211
0.078585
1.99972
2:00-3:00
0.026433
0.185
4169786
0.698395
4.334211
0.078585
1.994718
3:00-4:00
0.026376
0.185
3661802
0.698523
4.334211
0.078585
1.970188
4:00-5:00
0.026337
0.185
3671764
0.698609
4.334211
0.078585
1.967761
5:00-6:00
0.026299
0.185
3682144
0.698696
4.334211
0.078585
1.96535

35
TIME
df
Gr
Pr
hc (w/m2)
7:00-8:00
0.026472
0.235
4015697
0.69831
1.690457
0.155876
1.92654
8:00-9:00
0.026759
0.235
6511206
0.697686
1.690457
0.155876
2.099574
9:00-10:00
0.027143
0.235
5352898
0.696889
1.690457
0.155876
2.065263
10:00-11:00
0.027565
0.235
2564162
0.696056
1.690457
0.155876
1.869692
11:00-12:00
0.02791
0.235
261758.1
0.695408
1.690457
0.155876
1.326273
12:00-13:00
0.028121
0.235
4294120
0.695026
1.690457
0.155876
2.06658
13:00-14:00
0.028256
0.235
3254905
0.694789
1.690457
0.155876
1.988567
14:00-15:00
0.02816
0.235
6468996
0.694958
1.690457
0.155876
2.205859
15:00-16:00
0.027853
0.235
10584293
0.695514
1.690457
0.155876
2.356148
16:00-17:00
0.027603
0.235
9417730
0.695983
1.690457
0.155876
2.293174
17:00-18:00
0.027392
0.235
10419022
0.696391
1.690457
0.155876
2.31198
18:00-19:00
0.027143
0.235
9366866
0.696889
1.690457
0.155876
2.253482
19:00-20:00
0.026913
0.235
9405543
0.697362
1.690457
0.155876
2.236043
20:00-21:00
0.026779
0.235
8394820
0.697645
1.690457
0.155876
2.185946
21:00-22:00
0.026702
0.235
6312541
0.697809
1.690457
0.155876
2.085021
22:00-23:00
0.026644
0.235
5273344
0.697933
1.690457
0.155876
2.02306
23:00-00:00
0.026587
0.235
4230218
0.698058
1.690457
0.155876
1.950567
00:00-1:00
0.026529
0.235
3182234
0.698183
1.690457
0.155876
1.86192
1:00-2:00
0.026491
0.235
3189579
0.698268
1.690457
0.155876
1.85993
2:00-3:00
0.026472
0.235
2128473
0.69831
1.690457
0.155876
1.745035
3:00-4:00
0.026433
0.235
2133747
0.698395
1.690457
0.155876
1.743212
4:00-5:00
0.026376
0.235
3213817
0.698523
1.690457
0.155876
1.854142
5:00-6:00
0.026337
0.235
3222628
0.698609
1.690457
0.155876
1.852271
4.1.4 COMPAIRISON TABLE FOR CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COFFICIENT

Table 4.7 comparison of hc for both stills with different depth of water
36
30 DEGREE INCLINATION
37
DEPTH OF WATER
DEPTH OF WATER
TIME
5 cm
10 cm
15 cm
5 cm
10 cm
15 cm
1.537856
1.318744
1.290840983
7:00-8:00
1.92654
1.726989
1.226344206
1.749102
1.59596
1.28212615
8:00-9:00
2.099574
1.945465
1.436509694
1.786233
1.727546
1.34397473
9:00-10:00
2.065263
2.001262
1.4792742
1.739187
1.75516
1.373819217
10:00-11:00
1.869692
1.994681
1.446425254
1.571702
1.691017
1.355388149
11:00-12:00
1.326273
1.906658
1.32532574
1.2374
1.536142
1.302027827
12:00-13:00
2.06658
1.610058
1.163879405
1.545311
1.373269
1.206800011
13:00-14:00
1.988567
1.944754
1.183204731
1.870337
1.389794
1.071709793
14:00-15:00
2.205859
2.058639
1.534807445
1.956737
1.76753
1.410428077
15:00-16:00
2.356148
2.117417
1.604589373
1.963574
1.854881
1.408234853
16:00-17:00
2.293174
2.101508
1.602088722
1.992532
1.879231
1.421946319
17:00-18:00
2.31198
2.086163
1.614339349
1.971891
1.881194
1.460893816
18:00-19:00
2.253482
1.627253
1.620526578
1.93289
1.867868
1.467534606
19:00-20:00
2.236043
1.632359
1.591586456
1.89838
1.860228
1.46347188
20:00-21:00
2.185946
2.046008
1.565938777
1.862505
1.836977
1.457553867
21:00-22:00
2.085021
2.020404
1.559922359
1.826971
1.812842
1.439025721
22:00-23:00
2.02306
2.015128
1.554129065
1.713019
1.787634
1.421586557
23:00-00:00
1.950567
2.009923
1.529313126
1.605438
1.761111
1.418010432
00:00-1:00
1.86192
2.004788
1.502421624
1.658996
1.756892
1.399687384
1:00-2:00
1.85993
1.99972
1.472915395
1.657215
1.752769
1.380184477
2:00-3:00
1.745035
1.994718
1.440018723
1.655459
1.748739
1.376896752
3:00-4:00
1.743212
1.970188
1.438395251
1.700077
1.746757
1.375281791
4:00-5:00
1.854142
1.967761
1.436792172
1.652027
1.744799
1.356068689
5:00-6:00
1.852271
1.96535
1.399466326
38
4.2 EVALUATION OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY

Thermal efficiency of a still is defined as the ratio of total heat utilised by water in evaporation
and total heat absorb or stored by the still;
Thermal efficiency of a still can be evaluated as follows;
= (me L) (Av Ig a)
39
4.2.1 THERMAL EFFICIENCY FOR 30 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS

Table 4.8 Thermal efficiency for 15 cm depth and 30o inclination
TIME
L(J/kg)
me (Kg)
Av Igo
SUM(ML)
Sum Ig
1021625.55
5948208
7:00-8:00
2428507.71
0.0069
180
9.403312672
8:00-9:00
2417817.26
0.004
355
2.751819336
9:00-10:00
2412459.98
0.0016
585
0.666482945
10:00-11:00
2405302.6
0.0029
785
0.897558713
11:00-12:00
2396929.22
0.01
931
2.600580694
12:00-13:00
2389129.11
0.0162
979.5
3.99130576
13:00-14:00
2384316.05
0.0306
926
7.958643801
14:00-15:00
2387325.41
0.031
495
15.1019463
15:00-16:00
2392132.14
0.028
267.5
25.29206081
16:00-17:00
2393332.3
0.036
247.5
35.16374356
17:00-18:00
2396330.09
0.035
58.5
144.8183601
18:00-19:00
2401717.22
0.025
21
288.806784
19:00-20:00
2405899.72
0.0246
-----
20:00-21:00
2408286.94
0.0244
-----
21:00-22:00
2411864.18
0.026
-----
22:00-23:00
2414842.08
0.0198
-----
23:00-00:00
2416627.5
0.0206
-----
00:00-1:00
2419006.61
0.0156
-----
1:00-2:00
2420789.89
0.015
-----
2:00-3:00
2422572.29
0.015
-----
3:00-4:00
2424947.52
0.014
-----
4:00-5:00
2426134.59
0.0124
-----
5:00-6:00
2426728
0.0103
2.5
1009.911046
40
Overall
17.17535005
TIME
L(J/kg)
me (Kg)
Av Igo
7:00-8:00
2425541
0.0106
151
17.19897
8:00-9:00
2419007
0.0086
360
5.837109
9:00-10:00
2410672
0.0024
580
1.007596
10:00-11:00
2401119
0.0028
785
0.865101
11:00-12:00
2392132
0.0048
940
1.233853
12:00-13:00
2386122
0.0174
1007.5
4.162571
13:00-14:00
2383111
0.0356
961.5
8.912711
14:00-15:00
2381303
0.0364
803
10.90348
15:00-16:00
2382508
0.0482
571.5
20.29692
16:00-17:00
2388528
0.0528
307.5
41.42704
17:00-18:00
2394532
0.0442
110.5
96.74876
18:00-19:00
2401119
0.0312
20.5
369.1299
19:00-20:00
2407094
0.0336
-----
20:00-21:00
2410672
0.0276
-----
21:00-22:00
2413651
0.024
-----
22:00-23:00
2416628
0.021
-----
23:00-00:00
2419601
0.0184
-----
00:00-1:00
2422572
0.0144
-----
1:00-2:00
2424948
0.014
-----
2:00-3:00
2427321
0.0134
-----
3:00-4:00
2429694
0.0116
-----
4:00-5:00
2430880
0.011
-----
5:00-6:00
2432065
0.0094
2.5
923.6933
41
SUM(ML)
1185003
Sum Ig
6687072
Overall
17.7207991

TIME
L(J/kg)
me (Kg)
Av Igo
7:00-8:00
2426728
0.0074
176.5
10.27716
8:00-9:00
2420196
0.0038
402.5
2.307985
9:00-10:00
2410076
0.0058
630
2.241212
10:00-11:00
2396929
0.0022
815
0.653559
11:00-12:00
2385520
0.0172
950
4.362674
12:00-13:00
2376472
0.0412
1005
9.84076
13:00-14:00
2371024
0.0584
950
14.72278
14:00-15:00
2372842
0.0596
782.5
18.25557
15:00-16:00
2379492
0.0644
562.5
27.51772
16:00-17:00
2387325
0.0468
304
37.12348
17:00-18:00
2395731
0.0424
100
102.605
18:00-19:00
2404108
0.0302
21
349.2259
19:00-20:00
2410672
0.0248
-----
20:00-21:00
2414842
0.0162
-----
21:00-22:00
2419007
0.0154
-----
22:00-23:00
2421978
0.0132
-----
23:00-00:00
2423760
0.0108
-----
00:00-1:00
2426135
0.0068
-----
1:00-2:00
2427915
0.0066
-----
2:00-3:00
2429101
0.006
-----
3:00-4:00
2430287
0.0054
-----
4:00-5:00
2432065
0.006
-----
5:00-6:00
2432658
0.0042
2.5
412.8146
42
SUM(ML)
1183720
Sum Ig
Overall
6796944
17.4154788
4.2.2 THERMAL EFFICIENCY FOR 23 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS

TIME
L(J/kg)
me (Kg)
Av Igo
7:00-8:00
2426728
0.0042
182.5
5.641211
8:00-9:00
2420196
0.007
351.5
4.868419
9:00-10:00
2413651
0.0026
606.5
1.045158
10:00-11:00
2404705
0.0018
797.5
0.548237
11:00-12:00
2396929
0.0019
925
0.497315
12:00-13:00
2390931
0.0098
990
2.390687
13:00-14:00
2387325
0.0098
935
2.527498
14:00-15:00
2389730
0.026
496
12.65334
15:00-16:00
2392732
0.015
256
14.16153
16:00-17:00
2393932
0.023
241
23.07743
17:00-18:00
2398127
0.032
56
138.42
18:00-19:00
2404705
0.024
20
291.4794
19:00-20:00
2410076
0.021
-----
20:00-21:00
2413056
0.0238
-----
21:00-22:00
2416628
0.023
-----
22:00-23:00
2420196
0.015
-----
23:00-00:00
2421978
0.014
-----
00:00-1:00
2423760
0.0122
-----
1:00-2:00
2425541
0.01
-----
2:00-3:00
2427321
0.008
-----
3:00-4:00
2428508
0.0055
-----
4:00-5:00
2429694
0.0068
-----
5:00-6:00
2431472
0.006
-----
SUM(ML)
728202.9
Sum Ig
5542992

43
Overall
13.1373607
TIME
L(J/kg)
me (Kg)
Av Igo
7:00-8:00
2428508
0.0076
157
11.87458
8:00-9:00
2420790
0.0032
373
2.097795
9:00-10:00
2411268
0.001
607.5
0.400926
10:00-11:00
2401717
0.0026
830
0.759945
11:00-12:00
2392732
0.005
973.5
1.241346
12:00-13:00
2388528
0.0196
1026
4.60897
13:00-14:00
2386122
0.0346
971
8.588441
14:00-15:00
2384316
0.033
796
9.984573
15:00-16:00
2387325
0.0382
567.5
16.23207
16:00-17:00
2393332
0.042
302.5
33.56539
17:00-18:00
2399324
0.0304
99
74.42043
18:00-19:00
2399324
0.0268
19
341.8495
19:00-20:00
2405303
0.0236
-----
20:00-21:00
2416032
0.0104
-----
21:00-22:00
2419007
0.0164
-----
22:00-23:00
2421384
0.0108
-----
23:00-00:00
2423760
0.0108
-----
00:00-1:00
2426135
0.0086
-----
1:00-2:00
2428508
0.009
-----
2:00-3:00
2430880
0.0074
-----
3:00-4:00
2432658
0.0068
-----
4:00-5:00
2433843
0.007
-----
5:00-6:00
2435027
0.006
SUM(ML)
866627.2
Sum Ig
Overall
6811056
12.72383073
491.9247
44
TIME
L(J/kg)
me (Kg)
Av Igo
45
SUM(ML)
Sum Ig
Overall
7:00-8:00
2429694
0.0056
200
6.871861
8:00-9:00
2420790
0.0028
450
1.521484
9:00-10:00
2408883
0.003
682.5
1.069545
10:00-11:00
2395731
0.0076
850.5
2.16243
11:00-12:00
2384918
0.0232
978
5.714621
12:00-13:00
2378285
0.0328
1037.5
7.594766
13:00-14:00
2374052
0.0412
962.5
10.26483
14:00-15:00
2377076
0.0424
780
13.05206
15:00-16:00
2386724
0.0446
550
19.54966
16:00-17:00
2394532
0.04
296
32.68539
17:00-18:00
2401119
0.0458
106
104.7944
18:00-19:00
2408883
0.0178
20
216.5562
19:00-20:00
2416032
0.015
-----
20:00-21:00
2420196
0.0104
-----
21:00-22:00
2422572
0.0084
-----
22:00-23:00
2424354
0.0072
-----
23:00-00:00
2426135
0.0048
-----
00:00-1:00
2427915
0.0036
-----
1:00-2:00
2429101
0.0034
-----
2:00-3:00
2429694
0.0034
-----
3:00-4:00
2430880
0.0036
-----
4:00-5:00
2432658
0.0046
-----
5:00-6:00
2433843
0.0032
2.5
896685.1
7018704
314.6786
4.2.3 COMPAIRISION TABLE FOR THERMAL EFFICIENCY

Table 4.14 Comparison of thermal efficiency for both stills
46
12.7756505
DEPTH OF WATER
DEPTH OF WATER
TIME
5 cm
10 cm
15 cm
5 cm
10 cm
15 cm
10.27716
17.19897
9.403312672
7:00-8:00
6.871861
11.87458
5.641211
2.307985
5.837109
2.751819336
8:00-9:00
1.521484
2.097795
4.868419
2.241212
1.007596
0.666482945
9:00-10:00
1.069545
0.400926
1.045158
0.653559
0.865101
0.897558713
10:00-11:00
2.16243
0.759945
0.548237
4.362674
1.233853
2.600580694
11:00-12:00
5.714621
1.241346
0.497315
9.84076
4.162571
3.99130576
12:00-13:00
7.594766
4.60897
2.390687
14.72278
8.912711
7.958643801
13:00-14:00
10.26483
8.588441
2.527498
18.25557
10.90348
15.1019463
14:00-15:00
13.05206
9.984573
12.65334
27.51772
20.29692
25.29206081
15:00-16:00
19.54966
16.23207
14.16153
37.12348
41.42704
35.16374356
16:00-17:00
32.68539
33.56539
23.07743
102.605
96.74876
144.8183601
17:00-18:00
104.7944
74.42043
138.42
349.2259
369.1299
288.806784
18:00-19:00
216.5562
341.8495
291.4794
-----
-----
-----
19:00-20:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
20:00-21:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
21:00-22:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
22:00-23:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
23:00-00:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
00:00-1:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
1:00-2:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
2:00-3:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
3:00-4:00
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
-----
4:00-5:00
-----
-----
-----
412.8146
923.6933
491.9247
------
1009.911046
5:00-6:00
47
314.6786

Determination

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CHAPTER-4

DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

999.2+0.1434 x Tv + 1.101 x 10-4x Tv2-6.7581x 10-8x Tv3

0.0244 x 0.7673 x 10-4 x Tv

10718 x 10-5 + 4.620 x 10-8xTv

For(Tv > 700C) 3.1615x106x[1-(7.616x10-4xTv)];

exp[25.317 5144/(Tci + 273)]

exp[25.317 5144/(Tw + 273)]

For(Tv < 700C)2.4935x106x[1-9.4779x10-4Tv +1.3132x107

qew = hew (Tw-Tci)

qew= 0.016273*[(k/d)c(Gr.Pr)n*(Pw-Pci / Tw-Tci)*(Tw-Tci)]

Equation (1) can be written as,

Where, y= mw/R; a=c; x=Ra; b=n

where, y= ln(y); a= ln(a) ; b= b ; x= ln(x)

4.1.2 DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFICIENT FOR

Table 4.2 determination of hc for 10 cm depth and 30o inclination

Table 4.3 determination of hc for 5 cm depth and 30o inclination

4.1.3 DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFICIENT FOR

Table 4.5 determination of hc for 10 cm depth and 23o inclination

Table 4.6 determination of hc for 5 cm depth and 23o inclination

4.1.4 COMPAIRISON TABLE FOR CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COFFICIENT

4.2 EVALUATION OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY

4.2.1 THERMAL EFFICIENCY FOR 30 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS

Table 4.9 Thermal efficiency for 10 cm depth and 30o inclination

Table 4.10 Thermal efficiency for 5 cm depth and 30o inclination

4.2.2 THERMAL EFFICIENCY FOR 23 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS

Table 4.12 Thermal efficiency for 10 cm depth and 23o inclination

Table 4.13 Thermal efficiency for 5 cm depth and 23o inclination

4.2.3 COMPAIRISION TABLE FOR THERMAL EFFICIENCY

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

qew= 0.016273[(k/d)c(Gr.Pr)n(Pw-Pci / Tw-Tci)*(Tw-Tci)]