Observations

CHAPTER-3
EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS

3.1 INSTALLATION
The experimental setup was installed at Dept. of Mech. Engineering, Rajiv
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal as shown in picture given below.
This place has been selected due to open space no shadow zone during sun shine
hours. Experiments are performed for both stills with different depth of water to
three consecutive days. Different parameters such as temperatures at water
surface, inner & outer surface of glass and ambient condition, global and diffuse
radiation and yield are recorded hourly basis round the clock.
Fig.3.1 Experimental setup of solar distillation with two different inclinations

Of glass cover
19
3.2 INSTRUMENTS USED

1. Digital temperature indicator:-it is used for measuring temperature of
water and inner & outer surface of glass. Specification of digital temperature
indicator are given as follows:
MODEL NO.
SE-221-6K
INPUT
T/C/Cr/AIT
NO. OF INPUTS
SELECTION OF INPUTS
6
By rotary switch provided on the front panel
(MODEL : SE-221-6K)
DISPLAY
RANGE
ACCURACY
COLD JUNCTION COMPENSATION
3.5 DIGIT 0.5 ht LED

-500C TO 12000C
0.5% FSR 1 COUNT
Provided for thermocouple inputs
THREE WIRE COMPENSATION
Provided for RTD inputs
OPEN SENSOR
By MSD(1)
POWER
230 V AC 10% @ 50 Hz
SIZE
96 mmH*192mmH*110mmH OR
96mmH * 192mmH * 150 mmD
92mm*92mm OR
92mm* 184mm
CUTOUT
2. Digital thermo hygrometer:-it is used for measuring ambient temperature

and relative humidity.
TEMPERATURE RANGE
-500C ~ +700C(-58 ~+1580F)
HUMIDITY RANGE
RESOLUTION TEMPERATURE
10% ~99%RH
0.10C(0.10F)
HUMIDITY
1%RH
ACCURACY TEMPARATURE
10C(1.80F)
HUMIDITY
5%RH(40%~80%)
POWER SUPPLY
1.5V (AAA Size)*1
PRODUCT DIMENSIONS
100*108*20mm
WEIGHT APPROX
160g
20
STORAGE CONDITION
-200C~600C, 2O~80% RH
3. Solar power meter (PYRENOMETER):-it is used for measuring solar

radiation on the glass surface.
BATTERY LIFE
Approx 100 hour
ACCURACY
Typically within 10 W/m2

(3BTU/ft2*h) or 5%, whichever is
greater in sunlight additional
temperature induce error
0.38W/m2/0C(0.12 BTU/ft2*h)/0C
from 250C
50C ~400C, below 80% RH
OPERATING TEMPARATURE &

RH
STORAGE TEMPARATURE & RH -100C ~600C, below 70% RH
DISPLAY
SAMPLING TIME
RESOLUTION
3-1/2 digits LCD with maximum

reading 1999
Approx 0.25 sec
1W/m2, 1 BTU/(ft2*h)
OVER-INPUT
Display shows OL
RANGE
1999 W/m2, 634 BTU/ft2*h)
DIMENSION & WEIGHT
132(L)*60(W)*38(H) mm, approx

150g
This instrument is EMC complaint
and has undergone compatibility test
according to
EN61326(1997)+A1(1998)+A2(2001
)
EMC
4. Temperature probe/se/tc 25K:- it is used for sensing temperature. It is

connected to the digital temperature indicator by the help of cable.
5. Cables:- it is a copper-tungsten wire used for connecting temperature probe
and digital temperature indicator.
21
3.3 OBSERVATIONS:
We have taken different observations in three days at different depth of water.
FOR 30 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS
Table 3.1 observations for 15cm depth and 30 degree inclination
S. No.
Time
Ig(w/m2)
Id(w/m2) Tw (oC)
Tgi (oC)
Tgo (oC)
Ta (oC)
07:00
130
82
21
27
26
29
08:00
230
101
29
33
32
32
6.9
09:00
480
105
30
36
37
35
10:00
690
140
31
40
41
38
1.6
11:00
880
160
34
44
46
40
2.9
12:00
982
155
38
47
46
42
10
13:00
977
142
42
49
49
42
16.2
14:00
875
175
45
48
48
42
30.6
15:00
115
95
45
41
39
41
31
10
16:00
420
113
45
40
38
42
28
11
17:00
75
40
44
40
37
40
36
12
18:00
42
35
43
37
34
40
35
13
19:00
41
34
32
37
25
14
20:00
40
33
31
37
24.6
15
21:00
39
32
30
35
24.4
16
22:00
37
30
28
34
26
17
23:00
36
30
28
33
19.8
22
Yield(ml)
18
00:00
35
29
28
33
20.6
19
01:00
34
28
27
31
15.6
20
02:00
33
28
27
31
15
21
03:00
32
27
26
30
15
22
04:00
31
26
26
30
14
23
05:00
31
26
25
29
12.4
24
06:00
30
26
25
29
10.3
23
S. No.
Time
Ig(w/m2)
Id(w/m2)
Tw (oC)
Tgi (oC)
Tgo (oC)
Ta (oC)
Yield (ml)
07:00
62
50
29
27
26
29
08:00
240
91
29
30
30
32
10.6
09:00
480
120
30
37
38
35
8.6
10:00
680
132
32
41
44
38
2.4
11:00
890
135
36
47
47
40
2.8
12:00
990
150
41
47
49
41
4.8
13:00
1025
155
45
48
47
42
17.4
14:00
898
152
46
47
45
43
35.6
15:00
708
150
49
47
44
42
36.4
10
16:00
435
122
48
43
41
42
48.2
11
17:00
180
106
46
40
37
41
52.8
12
18:00
41
26
44
37
35
40
44.2
13
19:00
41
34
32
38
31.2
14
20:00
39
32
30
36
33.6
15
21:00
38
31
29
35
27.6
16
22:00
36
30
29
34
24
17
23:00
35
29
27
33
21
18
00:00
33
28
27
33
18.4
19
01:00
32
27
26
31
14.4
20
02:00
31
26
25
30
14
21
03:00
30
25
24
29
13.4
22
04:00
29
24
23
28
11.6
23
05:00
29
24
23
27
11
24
06:00
28
23
22
27
9.4
24

S. No.
Time
Ig(w/m2)
Id(w/m2)
Tw (oC)
Tgi (oC)
Tgo (oC)
Ta (oC)
Yield (ml)
07:00
78
45
27
27
26
29
08:00
275
82
27
32
31
31
7.4
09:00
530
95
29
36
37
34
3.8
10:00
730
105
34
42
44
37
5.8
11:00
900
111
40
47
48
38
2.2
12:00
1000
106
46
49
50
41
17.2
13:00
1010
125
51
51
51
42
41.2
14:00
890
145
53
51
51
43
58.4
15:00
675
135
52
47
47
42
59.6
10
16:00
450
125
49
44
43
42
64.4
11
17:00
158
70
46
40
39
41
46.8
12
18:00
42
27
43
36
34
40
42.4
13
19:00
39
33
31
38
30.2
14
20:00
37
31
29
36
24.8
15
21:00
35
30
28
35
16.2
16
22:00
33
28
27
34
15.4
17
23:00
32
28
27
33
13.2
18
00:00
30
28
27
33
10.8
19
01:00
29
27
26
32
6.8
20
02:00
29
26
26
31
6.6
21
03:00
28
26
26
31
22
04:00
28
25
24
30
5.4
23
05:00
27
24
24
29
24
06:00
27
25
24
29
4.2
25
FOR 23 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS

S. No.
Time
Ig(w/m2)
Id(w/m2)
Tw (oC)
Tgi (oC)
Tgo (oC)
Ta (oC)
Yield (ml)
07:00
130
82
27
26
25
29
08:00
235
97
28
32
31
32
4.2
09:00
468
130
29
35
36
35
10:00
745
150
32
39
40
38
2.6
11:00
850
170
37
42
44
40
1.8
12:00
1000
175
41
43
45
42
1.9
13:00
980
150
44
45
46
42
9.8
14:00
890
168
46
44
46
42
9.8
15:00
102
90
45
40
38
41
26
10
16:00
410
106
45
40
37
42
15
11
17:00
72
60
44
39
37
40
23
12
18:00
40
30
42
36
35
40
32
13
19:00
39
33
32
37
24
14
20:00
37
32
31
37
21
15
21:00
36
31
30
35
23.8
16
22:00
34
29
28
34
23
17
23:00
33
28
28
33
15
18
00:00
32
28
28
33
14
19
01:00
31
27
27
31
12.2
20
02:00
30
27
26
31
10
21
03:00
29
26
26
30
22
04:00
29
26
25
30
5.5
23
05:00
28
25
25
29
6.8
24
06:00
27
25
25
29

26
S. No.
Time
Ig(w/m2)
Id(w/m2)
Tw (oC)
Tgi (oC)
Tgo (oC)
Ta (oC)
Yield (ml)
07:00
58
49
27
26
26
29
08:00
256
95
27
30
29
32
7.6
09:00
490
127
30
36
37
35
3.2
10:00
725
140
33
40
41
38
11:00
935
145
38
44
45
40
2.6
12:00
1012
148
43
45
47
41
13:00
1040
152
45
44
44
42
19.6
14:00
902
144
47
45
43
43
34.6
15:00
690
136
48
44
42
42
33
10
16:00
445
115
46
41
40
42
38.2
11
17:00
160
85
43
39
37
41
42
12
18:00
38
25
41
36
34
40
30.4
13
19:00
38
44
32
38
26.8
14
20:00
36
31
30
36
23.6
15
21:00
34
30
29
35
10.4
16
22:00
33
29
28
34
16.4
17
23:00
32
28
27
33
10.8
18
00:00
31
27
27
33
10.8
19
01:00
30
26
25
31
8.6
20
02:00
29
25
25
30
21
03:00
28
24
23
29
7.4
22
04:00
27
24
23
28
6.8
23
05:00
27
23
22
27
24
06:00
26
23
22
27

27
S. No.
Time
Ig(w/m2)
Id(w/m2)
Tw (oC)
Tgi (oC)
Tgo (oC)
Ta (oC)
Yield (ml)
07:00
90
48
25
26
25
29
08:00
310
85
26
31
31
31
5.6
09:00
590
101
30
36
37
34
2.8
10:00
775
115
36
41
42
37
11:00
926
116
43
45
45
38
7.6
12:00
1030
105
48
47
48
41
23.2
13:00
1045
120
51
48
48
42
32.8
14:00
880
140
51
51
47
43
41.2
15:00
680
135
50
44
45
42
42.4
10
16:00
420
120
45
41
41
42
44.6
11
17:00
172
80
43
38
38
41
40
12
18:00
40
25
40
35
33
40
45.8
13
19:00
36
32
30
38
17.8
14
20:00
34
29
28
36
15
15
21:00
32
29
28
35
10.4
16
22:00
31
28
27
34
8.4
17
23:00
30
28
27
33
7.2
18
00:00
29
27
27
33
4.8
19
01:00
28
27
26
32
3.6
20
02:00
28
26
25
31
3.4
21
03:00
27
27
26
31
3.4
22
04:00
27
25
25
30
3.6
23
05:00
26
25
23
29
4.6
24
06:00
26
24
24
29
3.2
28

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CHAPTER-3

EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS

Fig.3.1 Experimental setup of solar distillation with two different inclinations

3.2 INSTRUMENTS USED

3.5 DIGIT 0.5 ht LED

THREE WIRE COMPENSATION

Provided for RTD inputs

2. Digital thermo hygrometer:-it is used for measuring ambient temperature

-500C ~ +700C(-58 ~+1580F)

1.5V (AAA Size)*1

3. Solar power meter (PYRENOMETER):-it is used for measuring solar

Approx 100 hour

Typically within 10 W/m2

OPERATING TEMPARATURE &

3-1/2 digits LCD with maximum

1999 W/m2, 634 BTU/ft2*h)

DIMENSION & WEIGHT

132(L)*60(W)*38(H) mm, approx

4. Temperature probe/se/tc 25K:- it is used for sensing temperature. It is

Table 3.2 observations for 10cm depth and 30 degree inclination

Table 3.3 observations for 5cm depth and 30 degree inclination

FOR 23 DEGREE GLASS COVER INCLINATIONS

Table 3.5 observations for 10cm depth and 23 degree inclination

Table 3.6 observations for 5cm depth and 23 degree inclination

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132(L)60(W)38(H) mm, approx