Shinkeisuijaku

Japan
Espanto
Andean Regions
Indisposition
Haiti Falling Out
The Carribean
Thinking too much
Africa
Thinking too much
Native American
groups
Thinking too much
Latin America
Thinking too much
The Carribean
Nerva
Greeks in North
America
Nierbi
Sicillians in North
America
Nerves
Whites in
Appalachia
Blacking out
Southern United
States
Nerves
Whites in
Newfoundland
Malocchiu
Italians
Mal de ojo
Spanish Speakers
Koro
Southeast Asia
Shen Kuei
China
Srog rlung gi nad
Tibet
Pen lom
Laos
Vata
Sri Lankda
Ashaktapanna
India
Taein kong po
Korea
Hwa byung
Korea
Dhat syndrome
Prevalent among individuals in South Asia
Symptoms may include: dissociative experiences (depersonaliza-
tion, derealization, amnesia), seizure-like or fainting episodes, and
suicidal gestures.
Shenjing shuairuo
Prevalent among individuals in China
Symptoms may include: weakness (e.g., mental fatigue), emotions (e.g.,
feeling vexed), excitement (e.g., increased recollections), nervous pain
(e.g., headache), and sleeping problems (e.g., insomnia)
Taijin kyofusho
Prevalent among individuals in Japan
Symptoms may include: anxiety about and avoidance of interper-
sonal situations due to the thought, feeling, or conviction that ones
appearance and actions in social interactions are inadequate or
ofensive to others. Variants include major concerns about facial
blushing (erythrophobia), having an ofensive body odor (olfactory
reference syndrome), inappropriate gaze (too much or too little eye
contact), stif or awkward facial expression or bodily movements
(e.g., stifening, trembling), or body deformity
Khyl cap
Prevalent among Cambodians
Symptoms may include: dizziness, palpitations, shortness of
breath, and cold extremities, symptoms of anxiety, autonomic
arousal, catastrophic cognitions centered on the concern that khy'l
(a windlike substance) may rise in the bodyalong with
bloodand cause a range of serious efects.
Susto
Prevalent among Latinos in the United States and among people
in Mexico, Central America, and South America.
Symptoms may include: appetite disturbances, inadequate or
excessive sleep, troubled sleep or dreams, feelings of sadness, low
self-worth or dirtiness, interpersonal sensitivity, and lack of
motivation to do anything. muscle aches and pains, cold in the
extremities, pallor, headache, stomachache, diarrhea.
Related DSM-5 disorders: major depressive disorder,
posttraumatic stress disorder, other specified/unspecified trauma
and stressor-related disorder,and somatic symptom disorder.
Nervios
Prevalent among Latinos in the United States and Latin America
Symptoms may include: emotional distress, somatic distur-
bance, inability to function, headaches and brain aches (occipi-
tal neck tension), irritability, stomach disturbances, sleep difi-
culties, nervousness, easy tearfulness, inability to concentrate,
trembling, tingling sensations, and mareos (dizziness with occa-
sional vertigo-like exacerbations)
Kufungisisa
Prevalent among the Shona of Zimbabwe
Symptoms may include: anxiety symptoms, excessive worry, panic
attacks, depressive symptoms, and irritability
Maladi moun
Prevalent in Haitian communities
Symptoms may include: interpersonal envy and malice causing
harm to their enemies by sending illnesses such as psychosis,
depression, social or academic failure, and inability to perform
activities of daily living
Related disorders: Major Depressive Disorder,
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, other speci-
fied/unspecified trauma and stressor-related
disorder, and Somatic Symptom Disorder.
Related disorders: Major depressive Disorder, Persistent
Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, other
specified/unspecified dissociative disorder, Somatic Symp-
tom Disorder, Schizophrenia.
Related disorders: Panic Attack, Panic Disorder, Conversion
Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, other specified or
unspecified anxiety disorder, other specified or unspecified
trauma and stressor-related disorder, other specified or
unspecified dissociative disorder.
Related disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent
Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Posttrau-
matic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder,
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder.
Related disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent
Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Somat-
ic Symptom Disorder, Illness Anxiety Disorder, Erectile
Disorder, Early Ejaculation, other specified or unspecified
sexual dysfunction.
Related disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent
Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Somat-
ic Symptom Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific
Phobia, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Related disorders: Panic Attack, Panic Disorder, General-
ized Anxiety Disorder, Agoraphobia, Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder, Illness Anxiety Disorder.
Related disorders: Social Anxiety Disorder,
Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Delusional
Disorder, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder,
Olfactory Reference Syndrome
Ataque de nervios
Prevalent among individuals of Latino descent
Symptoms may include: intense emotional upset, acute anxiety,
anger, or grief, screaming and shouting uncontrollably, attacks of
crying, trembling, heat in the chest rising into the head, becoming
verbally and physically aggressive, dissociative experiences (deper-
sonalization, derealization, amnesia), seizure-like or fainting
episodes, and suicidal gestures.
Related disorders: Delusional Disorder (persecutory type),
Schizophrenia (paranoid features).
The colors outside the
circles represents the
porprotions of category
of the related DSM-5
Disorders.
This line links a cultural
concept with a related
condition in another
cultural context
CULTURAL CONCEPTS OF DISTRESS
AND RELATED DSM-5 MENTAL DISORDERS
Provided are the nine types of cultural concepts of distress and related mental disorders. The symptoms of each concepts and related mental disorders are
listed. The ICD-10-CM(DSM-5 Diagnoses and Codes) of each mental disorder is provided for easier navigation for references in DSM-5.All of the information are
extracted from DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifh Edition).
Related DSM-5 Disorders
Disruptive, Impulse-Control,
and Conduct Disorders
Conditions for Further Study Sexual Dysfunctions Trauma and
Stressor-Related Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and
Related Disorders
Anxiety disorders Depressive Disorders Schizophrenia Spectrum and
Other Psychotic Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (F63.81) Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder Erectile Disorder (F52.21)
Premature (Early) Ejaculation (F52.4)
Other specified/unspecified Sexual
Dysfunction (F52.8)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (F43.10)
Other specied/unspecied Trauma
and Stressor-Related Disorders (F43.8)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder F45.22
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder F42
Olfactory reference syndrome (No code)
Panic Attack Specifier / Disorder F41.0
Other specified/unspecified Anxiety
Disorder F41.8)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder F41.1
Agoraphobia F40.00
Social Anxiety Disorder F40.10
Specific Phobia F40.218- F40.248
Major Depressive Disorder (F32.0 - F33.9)
Persistent Depressive Disorder (F34.1)
Schizophrenia F20.9
Schizophrenia (paranoid features) F20.9
Delusional Disorder F22
Delusional Disorder (persecutory type) F22
Other Specified or Unspecified
Dissociative Disorder (F44.89) Sypmtoms may include: Palpitations, pounding heart, or
accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling or shaking,
sensations of shortness of breath or smothering, feelings of
choking, chest pain or discomfort, nausea or abdominal
distress, feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint, chills
or heat sensations, paresthesias (numbness or tingling
sensations), derealization (feelings of unreality) or
depersonalization (being detached from oneself), fear of
losing control or going crazy., fear of dying.
Sypmtoms may include: marked, or intense, fear or anxiety of
social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized
by others.
Sypmtoms may include: Delusions; Hallucinations;
Disorganized speech; Grossly disorganized or catatonic
behavior; Negative symptoms.
Sypmtoms may include: Preoccupation with one or more
perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are
not observable or appear slight to others; At some point
during the course of the disorder, the individual has
performed repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror checking,
excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or
mental acts (e.g., comparing his or her appearance with that
of others) in response to the appearance concerns.
Sypmtoms may include: Marked dificulty in obtaining an
erection during sexual activity; Marked dificulty in
maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual
activity; Marked decrease in erectile rigidity.
Sypmtoms may include: A persistent or recurrent pattern of
ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within
approximately 1 minute following vaginal penetration and
before the individual wishes it.
Sypmtoms may include: Excessive thoughts, feelings, or
behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated
health concerns as manifested by at least one of the
following: Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about
the seriousness of ones symptoms; Persistently high level of
anxiety about health or symptoms; Excessive time and
energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.
Sypmtoms may include: Depressed mood most of the day,
nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report or
observation made by others, markedly diminished interest
or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day,
nearly every day Significant weight loss when not dieting or
weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every
day; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day;
Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day ;
Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; Feelings of
worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which
may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely
self-reproach or guilt about being sick); Diminished ability to
think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
(either by subjective account or as observed by others);
Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying),
recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a
suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
Sypmtoms may include: Poor appetite or overeating;
Insomnia or hypersomnia; Low energy or fatigue; Low
self-esteem; Poor concentration or dificulty making
decisions; Feelings of hopelessness.
Sypmtoms may include: The essential feature of
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the development of
characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more
traumatic events; the individual has recurrent, involuntary,
and intrusive recollections of the event; A common
reexperiencing symptom is distressing dreams that replay
the event itself or that are representative or thematically
related to the major threats involved in the traumatic event;
ntense psychological distress or physiological reactivity
ofen occurs when the individual is exposed to triggering
events that resemble or symbolize an aspect of the
traumatic event; A persistent negative mood state either
began or worsened afer exposure to the event; markedly
diminished interest or participation in previously enjoyed
activities, feeling detached or estranged from other people ,
or a persistent inability to feel positive emotions; heightened
sensitivity to potential threats, including those that are
related to the traumatic experience; concentration
dificulties; Problems with sleep onset and maintenance;
quick temper and may even engage in aggressive verbal
and/or physical behavior with little or no provocation
Sypmtoms may include: Preoccupation with having or
acquiring a serious illness; There is a high level of anxiety
about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about
personal health status; The individual performs excessive
health-related behaviors (e.g., repeatedly checks his or her
body for signs of illness) or exhibits maladaptive avoidance
(e.g., avoids doctor appointments and hospitals).
Sypmtoms may include: This disorder may be distinguished
from dissociative identity disorder by the absence of an
identity disruption characterized by two or more distinct
personality states or an experience of possession.
Dissociative amnesia in conversion disorder is more limited
and circumscribed (e.g., amnesia for a non-epileptic
seizure).
Sypmtoms not given
Sypmtoms may include: Repetitive behaviors; The behaviors
or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety
or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation;
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are
experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as
intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause
marked anxiety or distress; The individual attempts to ignore
or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize
them with some other thought or action
Sypmtoms may include: concern that the person emits an
ofensive body odor.
Sypmtoms may include: Ideation, of less than delusional
proportions, involving suspiciousness or the belief that one
is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated; Delusions;
Hallucinations; Disorganized speech; Grossly disorganized or
catatonic behavior; Negative symptoms.
Sypmtoms may include: This subtype applies when the
central theme of the delusion involves the individuals belief
that he or she is being conspired against, cheated, spied on,
followed, poisoned or drugged, maliciously maligned,
harassed, or obstructed in the pursuit of long-term goals.
Sypmtoms may include: The essential feature of delusional
disorder is the presence of one or more delusions.
Sypmtoms may include: marked fear or anxiety about a
specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals,
receiving an injection, seeing blood).
Sypmtoms not given
Sypmtoms/Experiences may include: Marked fear or anxiety
about/of the following five situations: Using public
transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed
places, standing in line or being in a crowd, being outside of
the home alone.
Sypmtoms may include: Restlessness or feeling keyed up or
on edge, being easily fatigued, dificulty concentrating or
mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, sleep
disturbance.
Somatic Symptom and
Related Disorders
Somatic Symptom Disorder (F45.1)
Illness Anxiety Disorder (F45.21)
Conversion disorder (F44.4 - F44.7)
Sypmtoms not given
Sypmtoms may include: Verbal aggression (e.g., temper
tantrums, tirades, verbal arguments or fights) or physical
aggression toward property, animals, or other individuals
Sypmtoms may include: Marked dificulty accepting the
death; Experiencing disbelief or emotional numbness over
the loss; Dificulty with positive reminiscing about the
deceased; Bitterness or anger related to the loss;
Maladaptive appraisals about oneself in relation to the
deceased or the death (e.g., self-blame); Excessive
avoidance of reminders of the loss (e.g., avoidance of
individuals, places, or situations associated with the
deceased; in children, this may include avoidance of
thoughts and feelings regarding the deceased); A desire to
die in order to be with the deceased; Dificulty trusting other
individuals since the deathl Feeling alone or detached from
other individuals since the death; Feeling that life is
meaningless or empty without the deceased, or the belief
that one cannot function without the deceased; Confusion
about ones role in life, or a diminished sense of ones
identity (e.g., feeling that a part of oneself died with the
deceased); Dificulty or reluctance to pursue interests since
the loss or to plan for the future (e.g., friendships, activities).
Sypmtoms not given