Materia Medica

1. Homoeopathic Materia Medica is differently constructed as compared to other Materia Medica. Homoeopathy considered that study
of the action of drugs on individual parts or systems of the body or on animal or their isolated organs is only a partial study of life
processes under such action and that it does not lead us to a full appreciation of the action of the medicinal agent; the drug agent
as a whole is lost sight of.

2. Essential and complete knowledge of the drug action as a whole can be supplied only by qualitative synoptic drug experiments on
healthy persons and this alone can make it possible to view all the scattered data in relation to the psychosomatic whole of a
person and it is just such a person as a whole to whom the knowledge of drug action is to be applied.

3. he Homoeopathic Materia Medica consists of a schematic arrangement of symptoms produced by each drug! incorporating no
theories for explanations about their interpretation or inter"relationship. Each drug should be studied synthetically! analytically and
comparatively! and this alone would enable a Homoeopathic student to study each drug individually and as a whole and help him
to be a good prescriber.

4. #olychrests and the most commonly indicated drugs for every day ailments should be taken up first so that in the clinical classes or
outdoor duties the students become familiar with their applications. hey should be thoroughly dealt with explaining all
comparisons and relationship. $tudents should be conversant with their sphere or action and family relationship.
he less common and rare drugs should be taught in outline! emphasi%ing only their most salient features and symptoms. &are
drugs should be dealt with later.

5. utorials must be introduced so that students in small numbers can be in close touch with teachers and can be helped to study and
understand Materia Medica in relation to its application in the treatment of the sick.

6. 'hile teaching therapeutics an attempt should be made to recall the Materia Medica so that indications for drugs in a clinical
condition can directly flow out from the proving of the drugs concerned. he student should be encouraged to apply the resources
of the vast Materia Medica in any sickness and not limit himself to memori%e a few drugs for a particular disease.
his Hahnemannian approach will not only help him in understanding the proper perspective of symptoms as applied and their
curative value in sickness but will even lighten his burden as far as formal examination are concerned. (therwise the present trend
produces the allopathic approach to treatment of diseases and it contradictory to the teaching of (rganon.
)pplication of Materia Medica should be demonstrated from cases in the outdoor and hospital wards.
*ectures on comparative Materia Medica and therapeutics as well as tutorials should be as far as possible be integrated with
lectures on clinical medicine in the various departments.

7. +or the teaching of drugs the college should keep herbarium sheets and other specimens for demonstrations to the students.
*ectures should be made interesting and slides of plants and materials may be projected.

8.
1.
,ntroductory lectures- eaching of the Homoeopathic Materia Medica should include-"
1.
.ature and scope of Homoeopathic Materia Medica.
/. $ources of Homoeopathic Materia Medica.
0. 1ifferent ways of studying the Materia Medica.
/. he drugs are to be taught under the following heads-"
1.
2ommon name! natural! order! habitat! part used! !preparation.
/. $ources of drug proving.
0. $ymptomatology of the drug emphasi%ing the characteristic symptoms and modalities.
3. 2omparative study of drugs.
4. 2omplimentary! inimical! antidotal and concomitant remedies.
6. herapeutic applications 5applied Materia Medica6.

0. ) study of 7/ tissue remedies according to $chusler8s biochemic system of medicine.

APPENDIX-I
1. )contite nap

2. )ethusa cyan

3. )llium cepa

4. )loe socotrina

5. )ntimonium crud

6. )ntimonium tart

7. )pis malefic

8. )rgentum nit

9. )rnica Montana

10. 9ryonia alb

11. 2hamomilla

12. 2ina

13. 2olchium autumn

14. 2olocynthis

15. 1ulcamera

16. Euphrasia

17. ,pecac

18. *edum pal

19. .ux vomica

20. &hus tox

21. 2alcarea flour

22. 2alcarea phos

23. 2alcarea sulph

24. +errum phos

/4. $ilicea

New additions
Following Drugs be added :-
7. (ne additional drug China added.
/. 9iochemic drugs should be specified in syllabus under separate titles. +ollowing seven 9iochemic drug be added along with five 9iochemic
drug which are already included in syllabus.
a6 .at " #hos
b6 Mag " #hos
c6 :ali " #hos
d6 .at " Mur
e6 :ali " Mur
f6 .at " $ulph
g6 :ali " $ulph
Pharmacy:
HEORY
,nstruction in Homoeopathic #harmacy should be so planned as to present general working knowledge of an industry and dispensing various
preparation. Major emphasis should be laid on evolution and relationship of Homoeopathic #harmacy to (rganon of medicine and Materia
medica! the concept of drug proving and dynamisation.
he curriculum of Homoeopathic #harmacy should be divided under following headings-"
Part I
(rientation to subject " elementary history of 9otany! ;oology and 2hemistry with rules of their nomenclature and their respective
terminologies.
576
5)6 Explanation of terms like a common names! synonyms! Hyponyms! typonyms! invalid names.
596 )dvantages and disadvantages of 2ommercial names and 9otanical names.
526 )nomalies in the nomenclature of Homoeopathic 1rugs.

5/6 $chools of Medicine- their discovery! principles pharmacology and Materia Medica! scope and limitations.
506 History of the art and science of #harmaceutics.
536 *iterature on Homoeopathic #harmaceutics.
546 $ources of Homoeopathic #harmacy.
5<6 Homoeopathic #harmacy- its speciality and originality
5=6 ,mportance of the knowledge of #harmacy.
5>6 $ources of knowledge about curative powers of the technique of 1rug proving in Homoeopathy.
5?6 )spects of #harmacy.
57@6 &elation of #harmaceutics with other sciences.
5776 ,nter"relationship of different schools of #harmacy with emphasis on relationship of )llopathic and Homoeopathic #harmacy.
57/6 #roperties of 1rugs.
5706
5a6 &outes of )dministration of drugs in general.
5b6 &outes of )dministration of Homoeopathic remedies.
a. )ction of 1rugs.
b. Ases of 1rugs.

Part II
Explanation and definitions of-"
5a6 +oods! #oisons! cosmetics.
5b6 1rug substance! 1rug! Medicine! &emedy!
5c6 #harmacy. #harmacology and #harmacopoeia! #harmaco"dynamics and other related terms used in relation to the subject.
Homoeopathic #harmacopoeia!

Homoeopathic #harmacy in relation to-"
5a6 (rganon of Medicine )phorism /<3 to />4.
5b6 Materia Medica.
5c6 .ational Economy.

#harmacy and #harmacopoeia; its $ources and relation with other sciences. 2lassification of Homoeopathic Medicines according to their-
5a6 9otanical and
5b6 ;oological natural orders.

English name of each medicine.
2ommon names in ,ndian *anguages like )ssamese! 9engali! Hindi! Bujarati! :annad! :onkani! Maithili! Malayalam! Marathi!
$anskrit! amil! elgu! Ardu! (riya etc. with emphasis on the students learning the common names of their region.

Posolog
Homoeopathic #osology- ,ts logic! advantages and disadvantages.
#otentisation- ,ts logic! scientificity and evolution and scales.
!ehi"les
$cales for preparation of drugs.
#harmacological )ction of #olychrest medicines 54@ medicine list attached6
)bbreviations used in prescription writing.
*egal part- legislation in respect of Homoeopathic #harmacy! 1rugs and 2osmetic )ct! #oison )ct! #harmacy )ct.
PRAC#ICA$
576 ,dentification! and uses of Homoeopathic #harmaceutical instruments and appliances and their cleaning.
5/6 ,dentification of important Homoeopathic drugs vide list attached.
5i6 Macroscopic study of 0@ drugs substances and listed in )ppendix ,!
5ii6 2ollection of 0@ drugs substances for herbarium.
5iii6 Microscopic study of two triturations up to 0x potency.
506 Estimation of moisture content of one drug substance with water bath.
536 #urity test of ethyl! alcohol! distilled water! sugar of milk! including determination of specific Bravity of distilled water and alcohol.
546 Estimation of si%e of globule! its medication of milk sugar and distilled water"making of doses.
5<6 #reparation and dispensing and dilute alcohol solutions and dilutions.
5=6 #reparation of mother tinctures of 0 polychrests.
5>6 #reparation of triturations of 0 crude drugs upto 0C.
5?6 #reparation of mother tinctures and solutions other than 7@ percent 1rug strength.
57@6 #otentisation of 0 mother tinctures upto < decimal scale and 0 centicimal scale.
5776 rituration of 0 drugs upto <x and their conversion into liquid potenties.
57/6 #reparation of external applications"one of each.
5706 'riting of prescriptions and dispensing of the same.
5736 *aboratory methods-"
5a6$ublimation
5b61istillation
5c6 1ecantation
5d6 +iltration
5e6 2rystallisation
5f6 #ercolation.
5746 Disit to a Homoeopathic *aboratory to study the manufacture of drugs on a large scale.

APPENDIX
PHAR%ACO$O&ICA$ AC#ION
1. )conite nap

2. )donis vernalis

3. )llium cepa

4. )rgentum nit

5. )rsenic alb

6. 9elladonna

7. 2actus B

8. 2antharis

9. 2annabis ind

10. 2annabis sat

11. 2inchonna of

12. 2oftea crud

13. 2rataegus

14. 2rotalus hor

15. Belsemium

16. Blonoine

17. Hydrastis can

18. Hyoscynamus n

19. :ali bich

20. *achesis

21. *ithium carb

22. Mercurius cor

23. .aja t

24. .itric acid

25. .ux vomica

26. #assifiora incamata

27. $tannum met

28. $tramonium

29. $tramonium

30. abacum

$I'# OF DR(&' FOR IDEN#IFICA#ION
I) !E&E#A*$E +IN&DO%
7. )egle folia
/. )nacardium orientale
0. )ndrographis penniculata
3. 2alendula offic
4. 2assia sophera
<. 2inchonna off
=. 2occulus indicus
>. 2oneea cruda
?. 2olocynth cittrallus
7@. 2rocus sativa
77. 2roton tig
7/. 2ynodon
70. +icus religiosa
73. Holerrhena antidysentrica
74. Hydrocotyle
7<. Eustisia adhatoda
7=. *obelia inflata
7>. .ux vomica
7?. (cimum
/@. (pium
/7. &auwolfia serpentine
//. &heum
/0. Fnbsb;$araca indica
/3. $enna 5cassia acutifolia6
/4. $tramonium met
/<. Dinca minor
II) CHE%ICA$'
7. )cetic acid
/. )lumina
0. )rgentum metallicum
3. )rgentum nitricum
4. )rsenic alb
<. 2alcarea 2arb
=. 2arbo veg 5charcoal6
>. Braphitis
?. Magnesium
7@. Mercury 5the metal6
77. .atrum mur
7/. $ulphur
III) ANI%A$ +IN&DO%
7. )pis malefic
/. 9latta orientalis
0. +ormica ruba
3. $epia
4. arentula cubensis
Organon of Medicine and Homeopathic Philosophy Syllabus
IN#ROD(C#ION #O 'CIENCE OF HO%EOPA#HY
(rganon #hilosophy is a vital subject which builds up the conceptual base fro the #hysician. ,t illustrates those principles which! when applied
in practice enable the #hysician to obtain results! which he can explain rationally and repeats them in practice with greater competence. +ocus
of the Education and raining should be to build up the conceptual base.
Homeopathy should be introduced as a 2omplete &ational $ystem of Medicine with its Holistic! ,ndividualistic and 1ynamistic approach to life!
Health! disease! &emedy and cure.
,n order to achieve this! study of logic! psychology and fundamentals of Homeopathic $cience become quite important. ,t is imperative to
have clear grasp over ,nductive"1eductive *ogic! and its application and comprehending the fundamentals of Homeopathic $cience.
Homeopathic approach to the patients is a Holistic approach. $cience demands from the Homeopathic #hysician! to comprehend his patient as
a #E&$(.! his dispositional state of Mind 5and body6! along with the disease process with its causes. $ince we lay great emphasis of knowing
the mind! knowledge of the psychology becomes imperative for a Homeopathic #hysician. hus introduction to #sychology will assist
H(ME(#)H,2 student to build up his conceptual base in his direction.
I) Funda,entals o- Ho,eo.athi" '"ien"e)
#reliminary lectures on the evolution of medicinal practice by the ancients giving stress to rationalistic and vitalistic thoughts.
1. $hort history of Hahnemann8s life and contributions.

2. 9rief life and contributions of early pioneers after Hahnemann

3. 9rief study of early history of spread of Homeopathy F position of Homeopathy in various countries..

4. Hahnemann8s (raganon of Medicine from aphorism 7 to =@.

5. +undamentals #rinciples of Homeopathy.

6. Health- Hahnemann8s and modern concept.

=. ,ntroductory lectures on diseases! their classification! drug diseases! case taking and drug proving.

II) $ogi")
he term 8*ogic8 means 8though8 8reason8 8*aw8 and is used to denote the totality of rules to which the process of thought is subjected! a
process that reflects the reality. ,t is also used to denote the science of the rules of reasoning and the forms in which it occurs.
)s discussed earlier! to comprehend (&B).(."#H,*($(#HG! it is essential to acquaint with understanding of *(B,2 in order to grasp
inductive"deductive reasoning.
III) Introdu"tion to Ps"holog)
1. 1efinition of #sychology " as a $cience and its differences from other $ciences. 2oncept of Mind " 2ontemporary schools of
psychology with special reference to 9ehaviouristic and psychoanalytic approaches.

2. $cientific study of behaviour! intelligence! cause " effect relation " behavioristic 5#avlov! 'atson! $kinner6 and dynamics of
behaviour 5+reud and .eo +reudians6.

3. 9asic concepts of sensation! perception! illusion! Hallucination! 1elusion! image! intelligence! aptitude! attention! thinking and
memory.

4. Emotion! motivation! personality! anxiety! conflict! frustration! psychosomatic manifestations and dreams.

5. 1evelopmental #sychology " normal developments since birth to maturity 5both physical and psychological6 and deviations" its
effects on later behaviour.

Hhe attempts should be make to make a student receptive to various terms in teachings of Materia Medica and Homeopathic #hilosophy.
Physiology & Biochemistry Syllabus
he purpose of a course in physiology is to teach the functions! processes and inter"relationship of the different organs and systems of the
normal disturbance in disease and to equip the student with normal standards of reference for use while diagnosing and treating deviations
from the normal. o a homoeopath the human organism is an integrated whole of body! life and mind; and though life includes al the
chemico"physical process it transcends them. here can be no symptoms of disease without vital force animating the human organism and it
is primarily the vital force which is deranged in disease. #hysiology shall be taught from the stand point of description physical processes
underlying them in health.
here should be close co"operation between the various departments while teaching the different systems. here should be joint courses
between the two departments of anatomy and physiology so that there is maximum co"ordination in the teaching of these subjects.
$eminars should be arranged periodically and lecturers of anatomy! physiology and bio"chemistry should bring home the point to the student
that the integrated approach is more meaningful.
#HEORE#ICA$
PHY'IO$O&Y
Introdu"tions
+undamental phenomena of life. he cell and its differentiation. issues and organs of the body.
*io-"he,i"al .rin"i.les
Elementary constituents of protoplasm! chemistry of proteins! carbohydrates and lipids! En%ymes.
*io-Phsi"al Prin"i.les
Anits of concentration of solutions! ions! electrolytes and non"electrolytes filtration! diffusion! ultra"filtration! dialysis! surface tension!
absorption! hydrotrophy! domain equilibrium! coloid! acid"base concentration.
En/iron,ental Phsiolog
7. $kin " structure and functions.
/. &egulations of body temperature hypothermia.
'0eleto - %us"ular 'ste,
7. Beneral introduction and classification of muscle fibers.
/. Excitation"construction coupling and molecular basis of construction.
0. #roperties of skeletal muscles and factors affecting development of tension.
3. Energy metabolism of muscles.
Ner/e
7. $tructure and function of nerve cell.
/. 9ioelectric phenomena in the nerve and muscle. &M.#.! )ction and its propagation! neuromuscular transmission.
0. 2lassification and properties of nerve fibers.
3. 'ellerian degeneration! regeneration and reaction of degeneration.
*lood Co,.osition
7. 2omposition and functions in general.
/. #hysiology of plasma proteins! normal values! E$.&. F other blood indices.
0. #hysiology of &9.2.! '.9.2. and platelets formation! fate and physiological and functions of formed elements of blood.
3. 9ody fluid compartments! their measurements! blood volume and its regulation.
4. ).9.(. and &H. 9lood group systems.
<. *ymphatics and &E system.
=. 2oagulation F haemostasis.
Cardio-!as"ular 'ste,
7. $tructure and properties of cardiac muscle.
/. Beneration and conduction of cardiac impulse! E.2.B. 5.ormal6.
0. 2ardiac cycle with reference to pressure! volume changes! heart sounds etc.
3. Heart rate and its regulations.
4. Haemodynamics! 9.#. and its regulation.
<. .ervous and chemical control of blood vessel.
=. #hysiological basis of shock.
Res.irator 'ste,
7. ,ntroduction! general organi%ation.
/. Mechanics of respiration! compliance.
0. #ulmonary volumes and capacities.
3. #ulmonary and alveolar ventilation.
4. #hysical principles of gaseous exchange a transport of respiratory gases.
<. .ervous and chemical control of respiration.
=. Hypoxia! acclimati%ation! cyanosis! dyspnoea! asphyxia! abnormal respiration.
>. #ulmonary function tests.
?. Effect of high and low atmospheric pressure effect of respiration on circulation! artificial respiration.
Digesti/e 'ste,
7. Beneral introduction! (rganisation plan and evolutionary significance.
/. 2omposition! function and regulation of salivary! gastric pancreatic intestinal and biliary8s secretions.
0. Movements of B.,. tract.
3. )bsorption of B.I. tract.
4. #hysiology of *iver and Ball bladder structure and functions.
E1"retor 'ste,
7. Beneral introduction! structure and functions of kidney.
/. Mechanism of formation of urine.
0. Mechanism of concentration and dilution of urine.
3. #hysiology of micturation.
Endo"rine
7. #hysiology of pituitary! thyroid! parathyroid! pancreas adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
/. &egulation of secretion of endocrine glands.
Re.rodu"tion
7. ,ntroduction in general and types of reproduction.
/. #hysiology of testes and ovaries.
0. #hysiology of menstruation! pregnancy and lactation.
3. #lacenta and its function! foetal circulation and respiration.
Central Ner/ous 'ste,
7. Beneral (rganisation! structure and function of nerve cell and neuralgia.
/. 2erebrospinal fluid.
0. #hysiology of synapse and receptor organs.
3. #hysiology of reflex action " classification properties etc. of reflexes.
4. $ensory and motor tracts and effects of sections transaction F hemisection of the spinal cord.
<. $pinal. decereberate and decorticate preparations and &egulations of posture and equilibrium.
=. &eticular formation.
>. 2erebellum and basal ganglia.
?. $ensory and motor cortex.
7@. #hysiology of voluntary movements.
77. Higher functions of cortex- sleep and wakefulness. EEB. memory! speech! learning.
7/. #hysiology of thalamus and hypothalamus and limbic system.
70. #hysiology of autonomic nervous system! peripheral and central mechanism.
'.e"ial 'enses
7. #hysiology of taste and smell sensation.
/. Ear"Beneral anatomy! conduction of sound waves through external! middle and internal ear.
0. #eripheral and central mechanism of hearing and auditory pathways.
3. Beneral anatomy refractory media and protective mechanisms in Eye.
4. +ormation! circulation and functions of aquous humor.
<. #hysiology of optics! +ormation of image! accommodation errors of refraction! acuity of vision.
=. #hysiology of retina photographer functions! dark and light adoption! photochemistry of vision! colour vision.
>. Disual pathway and effects of various levels.
Nutrition
7. 9alanced diet and special dietary requirements during pregnancy! lactation and grown.
*IOCHE%I'#RY
7. 9iochemical principles and elementary constituents of protoplasm.
/. 2hemistry of proteins.
0. 2hemistry of carbohydrates.
3. 2hemistry of lipids.
4. En%ymes and vitamins.
<. Metabolism of proteins! fats carbohydrates! minerals. 9iophysical process and their principles in relation to human body.
PRAC#ICA$
$I'# OF PRAC#ICA$ IN PHY'IO$O&Y
7. Method of 2ollection of 9lood.
/. Haemoglobinometry.
0. he Microscope"2onstruction; Ase F 2are.
3. otal 'hite 9lood 2ell 2ount.
4. 1ifferential '92 count.
<. #acked 2ell Dolume.
=. #acked 2ell Dolume.
>. 2alculation of 9lood ,ndices.
?. E.$.&.
7@. 9leeding ime.
77. 2lotting ime.
7/. 9lood Broups.
70. History taking and Beneral Examination.
73. Examination of )limentary $ystem.
74. Examination of the 2ardiovascular system.
7<. #ulse.
7=. 1etermination of )rterial 9lood #ressure in Humans and effect of posture! exercise and 2old stress.
7>. 2linical Examination of the &espiratory system! E.2.B.
7?. $tethography.
/@. $pirometry.
/7. Examination of Higher +unctions.
//. 2ranial .erves.
/0. Motor +unctions.
/3. &eflexes.
/4. $ensory system.
/<. &ecording of 9ody emperature.
$I'# OF DE%ON'#RA#ION
7. varieties of $timuli- +aradic or ,nduced and Baluanic or 2onstant 2urrent- )pparatus Ased in the *aboratory.
/. Excitability of Muscle.
0. Effect of Braded $timuli.
3. $imple Muscle witch! Effect of temperature on the muscle.
4. Effect of two successive stimuli on the $keletal Muscle of +rog.
<. Benesis of etanus.
=. +atigue.
>. Effects of +ee and after *oading on +rog8s Bastrocnemius Muscle.
?. Heart 9lock.
7@. #roperties of 2ardiac Muscle.
77. #erfusion of Mammalian Heart and effect of various ions on it.
7/. Effect of stimulation of Dagosympathetic runk and 2rescent on +rog8s Heart.
70. Effect of )cetylcholine on Heart.
73. Effect of )drenaline on +rog8s Heart.
74. )ction of .icotine on +rog8s Heart.
7<. #hotokinetic stimulation! (phthalmoscopy and onometry.
7=. &ecording Mammalian blood pressure and respiration and study of factors influencing them.
7>. $pecific Bravity of 9lood.
7?. Bastric )nalysis.
PRAC#ICA$ IN *IOCHE%I'#RY
7. ,ntroduction to 9iochemistry and familiari%ation with laboratory ,nstruments.
/. $tudy of 1isaccharides " *actose. Maltose F $ucrose.
0. $tudy of #olysaccharides " $tarch! 1extrin F Blycogen.
3. ,ntroduction of #roteins.
4. .ormal Arine report 5,norganic and (rganic 2onstituents6
<. Anknown solutions " $tudy.
=. Juantitative F Estimation of Blucose in Arine.
EXA%INA#ION IN PHY'IO$O&Y :
Pa.er - I
Elements of 9io"physics! 9iochemistry! 9lood and lymph! 2ardiovascular system! &eticuloendothelial system! spleen! &espiratory system
Excretory $ystem! $kin! regulation of body temperature! sense organs.
Pa.er - II
Endocrine organs! nervous system! nerve muscles physiology! 1igestive system and metabolism! bio"chemistry of protein! carbohydrate and
lipoid! en%ymes! .utrition.
Pra"ti"al E1a,ination
7. Examination of physical and chemical constituents of normal and abnormal urine 5qualitative6
/. Enumeration of total cell count of 9lood 5&.9.2. or '.9.26 or differential count of peripheral blood or estimation of percentage of H9.
0. Diva"voce on instruments and apparatus
3. 9iochemistry examination of proteinsKcarbohydrateKlipoid.
4. Experimental physiology
<. *aboratory .ote"9ook
=. Diva"voce on experiments
Anatomy Syllabus
,nstructions in anatomy should be so planned as to present a general working knowledge of the structure of the human body. he amount of
detail which he is required to memori%e should be reduced to the minimum. Major emphasis should be laid on functional anatomy of the living
subject rather than on the static structures of the cadaver! and on general anatomical positions and broad relations of the viscera! muscles!
blood"vessels! nerves and lymphatics. $tudy of the cadaver is only a means to this end. $tudents should not be burdened with minute
anatomical details which have no clinical significance.
hough dissection of the entire body is essential for the preparation of the student of his clinical studies! the burden of dissection can be
reduced and much saving of time can be effected! if considerable reduction of the amount of topographical details is made and the following
points-"
1. (nly such details as have professional or general educational value for medical student should be presented to him.

2. he purpose of dissection is not to create technically expert prosecutors but to give the student an understanding of the body in
relation to its functional! and the dissection should be designed to achieve this end! for example! ignoring of small and clinically
unimportant blood vessels results in such cleaner dissection and a much clearer picture of the main structure and their natural
relationships.

3. Much that is at present taught by dissection could be demonstrated as usefully through prepared dissected specimens.

4. .ormal radiological anatomy may also form part of practical training. he structure of the body should be presented linking
functional aspect.

5. )ctual dissection should be preceded by a course of lectures on the general structure of the organ or the system under discussion
and then its function. ,n this way anatomical and physiological knowledge can be presented to students in an integrated form and
the instruction of the whole course of anatomy and physiology and more interesting! lively and practical.

<. ) good part of the theoretical lectures on anatomy can be transferred to tutorial classes with the demonstrations.
) few lectures or demonstrations on the clinical and applied anatomy should be arranged in the later part of the course. hey should
preferably be given by a clinician and should aim at demonstrating the anatomical basis of physical signs and the value of anatomical
knowledge to the clinician.
$eminars and group discussions to be arranged periodically with a view of presenting different subjects in an integrated manner.
+ormal class room lectures to be reduced but demonstrations and tutorials to be increased.
here should be joint teaching"cum"demonstration sessions with clinical materials illustrating applied aspect of )natomy in relation to clinical
subjects. his should be arranged once a fortnight and even form part of series of introductory lectures if be needed.
here should be joint seminars with the departments of #hysiology and 9io"2hemistry and should be organised once a month. here should
be a close correlation in the teaching of gross )natomy! Histology! Embryology and Benetics. he teaching of areas and systems in )natomy!
#hysiology including 9io"chemistry should be integrated as far as possible.
#HEORY :
) complete course of human anatomy with general working knowledge of different anatomical parts of the body. Emphasis should be laid
down on the general anatomical positions and broad relations of the viscera! muscles! blood vessels! nerves and lymphatics. 2andidates
should not be burdened with minute anatomical details of every description which has no clinical significance.
2andidates will be required to recogni%ed anatomical specimen and to identify and answer questions on structures displayed in recent
dissections! to be familiar with the bones and their articulations including the vertebrae! the skull and with the manner of classification of the
long bones.
Emphasis will not be laid on minute details except in so far as is necessary to the understanding of or in their application to medicine and
surgery. 2andidates are expected to know the attachments of muscles sufficiently to understand their actions! but not the precise"details of
the origin and insertion of every muscles. ) knowledge of the minor details of the bones of the hand! foot! their articulations and details of the
small bones of the skull will not be required.
he curriculum of anatomy should be divided under the following headings-"
2I3 &ross Anato, " to be dealt under the following categories-"
a) Introdu"tor le"tures with de,onstrations)
b) 'ste,ati" series)
he study to be covered by deductive lectures! lecture! demonstration surface and radiological anatomy! by dissection of the cadaver
and study of dissected specimen. :nowledge thus obtained together with correlation of facts should be integrated into living anatomy.
1etails of topographical relation should be stressed for these parts which are of importance in general practice.
i. $uperior extremity! inferior extremity! head! neck! thorax! abdomen and pelvis to be studied regionally and system by system
5special reference to be made to development and its anomalies! regional! innervations! functional groups of muscles in relation to
joint of otherwise and )pplied )natomy6.
ii. Endocrine organs"with special reference to development and applied anatomy.
2II3 De/elo.,ent Anato, " Beneral principles of development and growth and the effect of hereditary and environment factors to be
given by lectures! charts! models and slides.
2III3 Neuro-Anato,! Bross )natomy of brain and spinal cord and the main nerve tracts. he peripheral nerves. 2ranial nerves their
relations course and distributions.
)utonomic nervous system"1evelopment and anomalies! )pplied )natomy. he study to be covered by lectures! lecture"demonstrations! of
brain and cord! clinical correlation.
..9. -" he practical study should proceed the study of physiology of nervous system. Early correlation with the clinical course desirable.
2I!3 %i"ro-anato, 2Histolog3 " Modern conceptions of cell! epithelial tissue! connective tissue! muscular tissue! nervous tissue and
systematic structure.

2A3 Introdu"tor $e"tures
7. Modern conception of cell"components and their functions! why a cell divides! cell division! types with their signification.
2. Benetic ,ndividuality -
o
Elementary genetics definition! health and disease! result of interaction between organism and its environments! utility
of knowledge from Homoeopathic point of view
o Mendel8s *aws and their significances
o )pplied genetics.
2*3 E,brolog)
2C3 &eneral anato, 4 ,i"ro-anato,
2D3 Regional anato, " &egional )natomy shall be taught with emphasis on developmental anatomy! broad relationship! surface marking!
&adiological anatomy! and applied anatomy.

a. E1tre,ities:-
i.
$keleton! position and functions of joints!

ii. Muscle groups! lumber plexus!

iii. )rterial supply! venous drainage! neuro"vascular bundles! lymphatics and lymph nodes! relation of nerves to bones.

iv. Eoints with special emphasis on lumbo " sacral! hip! knee and ankle joints! muscles producing movement! results of
nerve injury.

v. &adiology of bones and joints! classification! determination of age.

vi. )pplied anatomy

vii. $urface marking of main arteries! nerves.

b. #hora1 :-
i.
$keleton of joints of muscles of chest wall"diaphragm! innervations of abdominal and thoracic respiration! difference
with age. he mammary gland lymphatic drainage.

ii. he pleura F lungs.

iii. )rrangements structures in the mediastinum! heart! coronary arteries! great vessels! trachea! oesophagus! lymph
nodes! thymus.

iv. &adiology of heart! aorta! lung! bronchogram.

v. $urface marking " pleura! lung! heart " valves of heart! border! arch of aorta! sup! venacava! bifurcation of trachea.

c. Abdo,en And Pel/is :-
i.
he abdominal wall"skin and muscles! innervations of fascia! peritoneum! blood vessels! lymphatics! autonomic! ganglia
and plexuses.

ii. $tomach! small intestine! caecum! appendix! large intestine.

iii. 1ueodenum! pancreas! kidneys! uterus! supra renals.

iv. *iver and gall bladder

v. #elvis! skeleton and joints! muscles of the pelvis! organs internal and external genitalia in male and in the female!
lumbosacral plexus! vessels! lymphatics! autonomic ganglia! and plexuses.

vi. 9lood vessels and nerve plexuses of abdomen and pelvis! the portal venous system.

vii. )pplied anatomy of referred pain! portal systemic anastomosis! catheteri%ation of the urinary bladder in the male and
female.

viii. $urface marking of organs and blood vessels.

d. Head and Ne"0 :-
i.
$calp " ,nnervations! vascular supply middle meningeal artery.

ii. +ace"main muscles groups! muscles of facial expression muscles of mastication! innervations of skin and repair muscles!
vascular supply! principles of repair scalp and face wrinkles.

iii. he eyelids! eyeball! lachrymal apparatus! the muscles that move the eyeball.

iv. he nasal cavity and nasopharynx! septum! conchae! para"nasal sinus! Eustachian tube lymphoid masses.

v. (ral cavity and pharynx.

vi. *arynx and laryngeal part of #harynx structure 5.o details6 functions! nerves supply! laryngoscopic appearances.

vii. 2ervical vertebrae! joints of head and neck.

viii. $tructures of neck! sterno"mastoid! brachial plexus! main arteries and veins! disposition of lymph nodes! areas of
drainage! phrenic nerve! thyroid gland and its blood supply! para"thyroid! the trachea! oesophagus. he position of the
$ub"mandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

ix. eeth and dentition.

x. he external middle and internal ear.

xi. )pplied anatomy

xii. $urface marking- #arotid gland! middle meningal artery! thyroid gland! common internal and external carotid arteries.

e. Neuro anato, :-
i.
Meanings"functions of

ii. 2erebrum"areas of locali%ation! vascular supply basal ganglion! internal capsule.

iii. 2erebellum"functions.

iv. #ons! medulla! midbrain! cranial nerves! palsies.

v. 2erebro"spinal fluid"formation! circulation function! absorption.

vi. 2ranial nerves! origin! courses 5with minimum anatomical detail6 areas of distribution.

vii. he sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system location! distribution! function.

viii. )pplied anatomy of lumbar puncture! referred pain! spinal anesthesia increased intracranial pressure.

2*3 Histologi"al stud sste,ati"
PRAC#ICA$ :
1emonstration of dissected partsK1issection of the whole human body.
,dentification of histological specimen of tissues and organs vi%.! liver! kidney! lungs! thyroid! pancreas! spleen! trachea! oesophagus!
stomach! tongue intestine! large intestine! testes! every bone! adipose tissue! spinal cord! suprarenal glad! parotid gland! anterior pituitary
salivary glands! skin! parathyroid gland! cerebellum! cerebral cortex! cardiac muscle.

#he written .a.ers in Anato, shall be distributed as -ollows:-
Paper I - Upper etremity! head! face! nec"! brain and #mbryology$

Pa.er II - #hora15 abdo,en5 .el/is and lower e1tre,it and Histolog)