Anda di halaman 1dari 6

Rash

1
Rash
For other uses, see Rash (disambiguation).
Rash
A diffuse rash on the back of a male
ICD-10
R21
[1]
ICD-9
782.1
[2]
MedlinePlus
003220
[3]
MeSH
D005076
[4]
A rash is a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color,
itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.
The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the
appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in
family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For
example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the
fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.
Differential diagnosis
Common causes of rashes include:
Food Allergy
Anxiety
Allergies, for example to food, dyes, medicines, insect stings, metals such as zinc or nickel; such rashes are often
called hives.
Skin contact with an irritant
Fungal infection, such as ringworm
Balsam of Peru
Reaction to vaccination
Rash
2
Skin diseases such as eczema or acne
Exposure to sun (sunburn) or heat
Friction due to chafing of the skin
Irritation such as caused by abrasives impregnated in clothing rubbing the skin. The cloth itself may be abrasive
enough for some people
Menstruation
Secondary syphilis
Poor personal hygiene
Uncommon causes:
Autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis
Lead poisoning
Pregnancy
Repeated scratching on a particular spot
Lyme Disease
Scarlet fever
Diagnostic approach
The causes of a rash are numerous, which may make the evaluation of a rash extremely difficult. An accurate
evaluation by a provider may only be made in the context of a thorough history (What medication is the patient
taking? What is the patient's occupation? Where has the patient been?) and complete physical examination.
Points to note in the examination include:
The appearance: e.g., purpuric (typical of vasculitis and meningococcal disease), fine and like sandpaper (typical
of scarlet fever); circular lesions with a central depression are typical of molluscum contagiosum (and in the past,
small pox); plaques with silver scales are typical of psoriasis.
The distribution: e.g., the rash of scarlet fever becomes confluent and forms bright red lines in the skin creases of
the neck, armpits and groins (Pastia's lines); the vesicles of chicken pox seem to follow the hollows of the body
(they are more prominent along the depression of the spine on the back and in the hollows of both shoulder
blades); very few rashes affect the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (secondary syphilis, rickettsia or
spotted fevers,
[5]
guttate psoriasis, hand, foot and mouth disease, keratoderma blennorrhagicum);
Symmetry: e.g., herpes zoster usually only affects one side of the body and does not cross the midline.
Patch test
A patch test may be ordered, for diagnostic purposes.
Rash
3
Overview of symptoms
Skin disease Symptoms Usual area of body
Acne Vulgaris Comedones, papules, pustules and nodules. Face, chest and back.
Acne Rosacea Flushed appearance or redness. Cheeks, chin, forehead or nose.
Boil Painful red bump or a cluster of painful red bumps Anywhere
Cellulitis Red, tender and swollen areas of skin Around a cut, scrape or skin breach
Insect bite Red and/or itchy bumps on the skin Anywhere and can be sprinked randomly
Allergic reaction Irregular, raised or flat red sores that appeared after taking
medicine/drugs or eating certain foods
Anywhere
Hives Bumps formed suddenly Anywhere but usually first noticed on face
Seborrheic dermatitis Bumps and swelling Near glands
Cradle Cap Dry, scaly skin Scalp of recently born babies
Irritant contact dermatitis Red, itchy, scaly, or oily rash Eyebrows, nose, edge of the scalp, point of
contact with jewellery, perfume, or clothing.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis caused by
poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, or
Balsam of Peru
Red, itchy, scaly or oily rash; can also be weeping or
leathery.
Anywhere that came in contact with the
irritant either directly or via transfer (e.g.
from contaminated clothing.)
Allergic purpura Small red dots on the skin, or larger, bruise-like spots that
appeared after taking medicine
Anywhere
Pityriasis Rosea Started with a single scaly, red and slightly itchy spot, and
within a few days, did large numbers of smaller patches of
the rash, some red and/or others tan
Chest and abdomen
Dermatitis herpetiformis Intensely itchy rash with red bumps and blisters Elbows, knees, back or buttocks
Erythema nodosum Large red bumps that seem to bruise and are tender to touch Anywhere
Psoriasis White, scaly rash over red, flaky, irritated skin Elbows and knees
Erythema multiforme Red, blotchy rash, with "target like" hives or sores. Anywhere
Measles Red rash that is raised with a fever or sore throat. Usually starts first on the forehead and face
and spreads downward.
Chickenpox Multiple blisters with a fever, cough, aches, tiredness and
sore throat.
Usually starts first on the face, chest and
back and spreads downward.
Shingles Red blisters that are very painful and may crust Anywhere
Fifth Disease Started as a fever and then developed a bright red rash Cheeks
Warts Soft bumps forming that don't itch and have no other
symptoms
Anywhere
Ringworm Bald spot on the scalp or a ring of itchy red skin Anywhere
Syphilis Rash that is red but not itchy Palms of hands or soles of feet
Jock itch, yeast infection or diaper
rash
Red itchy rash Groin
Tinea versicolor Light coloured patches Anywhere
Impetigo Crusted, tan-colored sores Near nose or lip
Scabies Bite-like sores that itch and spread intensely Usually start on hands or feet and spread
everywhere
Rash
4
Rocky Mountain spotted fever A fine rash with a fever and headache Usually start on arms and legs including the
hands and feet
Lupus erythematosus A butterfly rash with achy joints Forehead and cheeks
Jaundice or sign of hepatitis Yellowish Skin, whites of eyes and mouth
Bruise Blue or black area after being hit Anywhere
Actinic keratoses Scaly, pink, gray or tan patches or bumps Face, scalp or on the backs or the hands
Keloid or hypertrophic scar Scar that has grown larger than expected Anywhere
Lipoma Soft or rubbery growth Anywhere
Milia Lots of white spots On the face of a baby
Molluscum or contagiosum Small, firm, round bumps with pits in the center that may sit
on tiny stalks
Anywhere
Scarlet Fever Becomes confluent and forms bright red lines in the skin
creases of the neck, armpits and groins (Pastia's lines)
Face, chest & back, whole body, armpits,
inside elbows, groins
Sebaceous cyst Bump with a white dome under the skin Scalp, nape of the neck or upper back
Skin tag Soft, fleshy growth, lump or bump Face, neck, armpits or groin
Xanthelasma Yellow area under the skin Under eyelids
Melanoma Dark bump that may have started within a mole or blemish,
or, a spot or mole that has changed in color, size, shape or is
painful or itchy
Anywhere
Basal cell carcinoma Fleshy, growing mass Areas exposed to the sun
Squamous cell carcinoma Unusual growth that is red, scaly or crusted Face, lip or chin
Kaposi's sarcoma Dark or black raised spots on the skin that keep growing or
have appeared recently
Anywhere
Erythema annulare centrifugum
(EAC)
Pink-red ring or bullseye marks Anywhere
Treatment
Treatment differs according to what rash a patient has been diagnosed with. Common rashes can be easily remedied
using steroid topical creams (such as hydrocortisone) or non-steroidal treatments. Many of the medications are
available over the counter in the United States.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The problem with steroid topical creams i.e. hydrocortisone; is their inability to penetrate the skin through absorption
and therefore not be effective in clearing up the affected area, thus rendering the hydrocortisone almost completely
ineffective in all except the most mild of cases.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Rash
5
References
[1] http:/ / apps.who.int/ classifications/ icd10/ browse/ 2010/ en#/ R21
[2] http:/ / www. icd9data. com/ getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=782. 1
[3] http:/ / www. nlm. nih.gov/ medlineplus/ ency/ article/ 003220. htm
[4] http:/ / www. nlm. nih.gov/ cgi/ mesh/ 2009/ MB_cgi?field=uid& term=D005076
[5]
Scholar search
(http:/ / scholar. google.co.uk/ scholar?hl=en& lr=& q=intitle:A+ febrile+ illness+ with+ generalized+ papular+ rash+
involving+ the+ palms+ and+ soles& as_publication=Clin+ Infect+ Dis& as_ylo=2007& as_yhi=2007& btnG=Search)
External links
Guide to rashes on Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia (http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ medlineplus/ ency/ article/
003220. htm) includes photographs
Links to pictures of skin rashes (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa) (http:/ / hardinmd. lib. uiowa. edu/ skinrashes. html)
Arm Pit Rashes (http:/ / armpitrash. net)
Article Sources and Contributors
6
Article Sources and Contributors
Rash Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=605652042 Contributors: **mech**, 16@r, Aaron north, Abc123poo, AdamSommerton, Adelpine, Aftertaken864, Against the current,
Ainali, Alansohn, Alex.tan, Allens, Alpha Quadrant (alt), AnakngAraw, AndrewH, Andycjp, Angelito7, Anna Frodesiak, Arcadian, Archhill581, Arvindn, Auror, Ayman Qasrawi, Badger Drink,
Barek, Bemoeial, Beta m, Bigt13, Bonadea, Bracewelljh, Brandon, Brokenchairs, Bruce1ee, Bryceslv, Bucktof15, BuzyBody, Caknuck, Calabe1992, Calor, Caltas, CarrotTree, Chloem86,
Commandur, Courcelles, Crohnie, CryptoDerk, Dan Polansky, Data5812, David R. Ingham, Deepak.Ghimire, Deidrewarner, Denisarona, Dina, Discospinster, DiverDave, Domingo Portales, Dr.
Blofeld, Dsyn22, E Wing, ELCleanup, El C, Eliz81, Enochlau, Epeefleche, Etz Haim, Fabiform, Faceship, Fatlenin, Florian Jesse, Foxj, Gak, Glen, Gnashes30, Gobonobo, GoingBatty,
Graham87, Happy B., Hardin MD, Headbomb, Hu12, Hywel Dda, Ijr900, Intermedichbo, Invertzoo, Itc editor2, JanicekJiri, Jayron32, Jeltz, Jfdwolff, Jidanni, Jinjibar, Jjalexand, Jmh649,
Jndrline, Jrcla2, Justsaynoemore, Kauczuk, Kayne0123, Kenchikuben, Kinaro, Koterpillar, LOL, LOTRrules, Lalolanda, LeaveSleaves, Legion fi, Loren.wilton, Lugia2453, M fic, MER-C, Mac
Lover, Magioladitis, Makeemlighter, Mani1, MarcoTolo, Martich, Materialscientist, Merovingian, MickaBobba, Mikael Hggstrm, Mike2vil, Morzor61, MrOllie, My Core Competency is
Competency, Mylifebelikeohh, Nat Krause, Neelix, NeoJustin, Niceguyedc, NotWith, Oatmeal batman, Ohnoitsjamie, Okki, Owain.davies, Paiamshadi, Pekinensis, Philip Trueman, Pinkadelica,
Polluxian, Pontificalibus, RainbowOfLight, Rashboy90, Rashboy900, Rashy100, Rkoudelka, Robbobrob, RogerR, Satron, Schekinov Alexey Victorovich, Schentler, Sexiestbeast1234, Sgtlion,
Shadowjams, Shenme, Sietse Snel, Sitethief, Srleffler, Stemonitis, Susan118, TFOWR, Tainted Drifter, Taker 337, TastyPoutine, Thrissel, Thriyambika, Throwingofmeat, Tide rolls, Trusilver,
TutterMouse, UILib, Vacation9, Venu62, Viperphantom, Wellskipedia, WereSpielChequers, WikiLaurent, WikiRigaou, Will Beback, Woohookitty, Wsiegmund, Yowhasoy, ZayZayEM,
Zer0render, kebrke, 55, , 262 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
Image:Severerash.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Severerash.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Rashy100 at en.wikipedia
File:Epikutanni-test.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Epikutanni-test.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Jan Polk
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Anda mungkin juga menyukai