UNITATEA 5:

DOES ALTRUISM EXIST ?

La sfritul acestui curs, studentul va putea:
s# elaboreze n limba englez# asupra conceptului de altruism
s# exerseze utilizarea verbelor modale la diferite timpuri




Cunotin&e privind semnifica&iile verbelor modale





Engleza pentru admitere, Banta, Andrei, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1995, vol. 1;
Practise Your Tenses, Adamson, Donald, Longman, 1996;
Exerciii de gramatica limbii engleze, G#l#&eanu-Frnoag#, Georgiana, Editura
Albatros, Bucureti, 1987





Dou# ore






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What do you think empathy actually refers to?


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Text DOES ALTRUISM EXIST ? , Social Psychology, p.302 (Part 1).

LANGUAGE FOCUS


New Vocabulary: welfare; to confine, to limit; an account; downtrodden, to tread; to
stress, to emphasise; to draw a bottomline; nevertheless; to empathise; to assist,
assistance, assistant; plight; distress; instead of.


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Make up at least five sentences with out of.. (E.g.: She helped him out of pity.)

GRAMMAR FOCUS


1.Adjectives describing character: (un)selfish, altruistic, sociable, (un)reliable, easy-
going, cheerful, friendly, surly, withdrawn, optimistic, pesimistic, fun-loving, bossy,
shallow; open-hearted, tight-fisted, narrow-minded,.
2.Modal Verbs
Expressing ability (skill and achievement).


Modal verb To express Examples
CAN Ability in the present or
future
How well can you speak
German?
COULD/WAS ABLE TO Ability in the past
Ability in the past for
repeated actions
Two years ago, Jane
could hardly speak
German, but now she can
speak it very well.
He could/was able to
swim a lot when he was
young.
COULDNT/WASNT
ABLE TO
For repeated or single actions Grandma couldnt/wasnt
able to find her wallet.
I WILL/WONT BE Skill and achievement in the I cant use the computer
ABLE TO future very well yet, but by the
end of the university year
Ill be able to use it
perfectly.
If you keep up learning
throughout the course,
youll be able to master
English.
COULD + PERFECT
INFINITIVE
For past ability, when the
action was not performed;
When we dont know
whether it was performed or
not;
To express irritation at or
reproach for the non-
performance of an action.
I could have given you a
helping hand. Why didnt
you let me know in due
time?
The cake has vanished!
Who could have taken it ?
You could have
anticipated it !

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1.Identify the modal verbs in the given text and specify what they express.
2.How many things can you think of that:
Impressed you?
Made you happy?
Bothered you?
Annoyed you?


Altruism, empathy