SYNOPSIS

ON
AUTOMATIC PHASE EXCHANGER
OBJECTIVE:
In three-phase applications, if low voltage is available in any one or two phases, and
you want your equipment to work on normal voltage, this circuit will solve your problem.
However, a proper-rating fuse needs to be used in the input lines (R, and !" of each
phase. #he circuit provides correct voltage in the same power supply lines through
relays from the other phase where correct voltage is available. $sing it you can operate
all your equipment even when correct voltage Is available on a single phase in the
building.
PRINCIPLE:
#he circuit is built around a transformer, comparator, transistor and relay. #hree
identical sets of this circuit, one each for three phases, are used. %et us now consider
the working of the circuit connecting red cable (call it &R' phase".#he mains power
supply phase R is stepped down by transformer () to deliver )*+, ,-- ./, which is
rectified !y diode 0) and filtered by capacitor 1) to produce the operating +oltage for
the operational amplifier (I1)". #he voltage at inverting pin * of operational amplifier I1)
is taken from the voltage divider circuit of resistor R) and preset resistor +R). +R) is
used to set the reference voltage according to the requirement. #he reference voltage at
non-inverting pin , is fi2ed to 3.)+ through 4ener diode 50). #ill the supply voltage
available in phase R is in the range of *--+-*,-+, the voltage at inverting pin * of I1)
remains high, i.e., more than reference voltage of 3.)+, and its output pin 6 also
remains high. /s a result, transistor #) does not conduct, relay R%) remains 0e-
energi4ed and phase &R' supplies power to load %) via normally closed (781" contact of
relay R%). /s soon as phase-R voltage goes below *--+, the voltage at inverting pin *
of I1) goes below reference voltage of 3.)+, and its output goes low. /s a result,
transistor #) conducts and Relay R%) 9nergi4es and load %) is disconnected from
phase &R' and connected to phase &' through relay R%*. :imilarly, the auto phase-
change of the remaining two phases, vise, phase &' and phase &!,' can be e2plained.
:witch :) is mains power &on'8'off' switch . $se relay contacts of proper rating and fuses
should be able to take-on the load when transferred from other phases.
COMPONENT REQUIRED:
1- Transformer (12-0-12, 300 mA)
2- Relay
3- LM358
4- Diode (4007)
5- a!a"i#ors
$- %557
7- &ener (5')
APPLICATION:

1- Residen#ial(
2- ommer"ial offi"es(
3- )a"#ories o!era#in* +i#, 1 !,ase ma",ineries(
4- -os!i#als.%an/s(
5- 0ns#i#1#ions(
PRECAUTIONS:
2,ile +irin*, assem3ly and ins#alla#ion of #,e "ir"1i#, ma/e s1re #,a# yo14
1( 5se *ood-61ali#y, m1l#i-s#rand ins1la#ed "o!!er +ire s1i#a3le for yo1r "1rren# re61iremen#(
2( 5se *ood-61ali#y relays +i#, !ro!er "on#a"# and "1rren# ra#in*(
3( Mo1n# #,e #ransformer(s) and relays-on a s1i#a3le "a3ine#( 5se a Ta* %lo"/ (T%) for
in"omin*.o1#*oin* "1rren# re61iremen#(
2( 0f #,e in!1# 7ol#a*e is lo+ in #+o !,ases, loads L1 and L2 may also 3e "onne"#ed #o #,e #,ird
!,ase( 0n #,a# si#1a#ion, a ,i*,-ra#in* f1se +ill 3e re61ired a# #,e in!1# of #,e #,ird !,ase +,i", is
#a/in* #,e #o#al load(
CONCLUSION:
0# a1#oma#i"ally s1!!lies 7ol#a*e in "ase of !o+er fail1re or lo+ 7ol#a*ein 1! #o 2 of #,e 3
in"omin* !,ases( A1#oma#i" 8,ase ,an*er a1#oma#i"ally "1#s s1!!ly d1rin* lo+ 7ol#a*e #,1s,
!ro#e"#s e61i!men# from #,e ,armf1l affe"#s of 1n,eal#,ily lo+ 7ol#a*e(