ICS 93.

020

ROMANI AN STANDARD

STAS 1242/3-87
Classification index G 22
Replacing:
STAS 1242/3-76
Previous editions:
1952; 1966; 1976

Foundation ground
INVESTIGATIONS BY OPEN BORINGS
Teren de fundare - Cercetari prin sondaje deschise
Terrain de fondation Investigations par sondages ouverts Validation date:
1987-12-01


1 GENERAL

1.1 Scope

This standard establishes the prescriptions concerning geological and technical investigations of the
foundation ground by open borings, which allow the access inside, realized by manual digging or mining means.

1.2 The open borings are executed by:
- the establishment of detail lithology succession, the establishment of drift surfaces, of fissures position, of
tectonic accidents;
- the sampling of undisturbed specimen (monoliths and sockets) and disturbed specimen from foundation
ground, from which the sampling is not possible using other means;
- the sampling of undisturbed specimen (monoliths) from the wetting sensitive grounds (loess and loess like
grounds), which modify their structure through in sockets collection;
- in situ geological and technical testing (compressibility, shearing etc.);
- the examination of the existent foundations state and the acquisition of necessary dates to lay out the
surveying of these.

1.3 The establishment of number, type and the arrangement, in plane, of the borings is realized in
conformity with STAS 1242/1-81, taking into account the morphological, geological, hydrological and hydro-
geological conditions of the foundation ground, the characteristics and the importance of the building and also the
existence of some underground works and installations. For railways, roads and airports, it should be taken into
account also the specific technical settlements concerning this type of works.
The position of open borings is defined in the situation plane in relation with the geological and technical
study.

1.4 The location, on the ground, of open borings is to be realized by the technician on geology problems,
together with the borings maker. The materialization of the location is to be done using pegs or other identification
means.


2 OPEN BORINGS EXECUTION

2.1 The open borings are executed as:

- ditch;
- trench;
- baring;
- shaft;
- manhole.

ASOCIAIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMNIA (ASRO),
Adresa potal: str. Mendeleev 21-25, 70168, Bucureti 1, Direcia General: Tel.: +40 1 211.32.96; Fax: +40 1 210.08.33,
Direcia Standardizare: Tel. : +40 1 310.43.08; +40 1 310.43.09, Fax: +40 1 315.58.70,
Direcia Publicaii: Serv. Vnzri/Abonamente: Tel: +40 1 212.77.25, +40 1 212.79.20, +40 1 212.77.23, +40 1 312.94.88 ;
Fax : +40 1 210.25.14, +40 1 212.76.20

ASRO
Entire or partial multiplication or use of this standard in any kind of publications and by any means (electronically,
mechanically, photocopy, micromedia etc.) is strictly forbidden without a prior written consent of ASRO

STAS 1242/3-87 2

2.1.1 The ditch has the section, in horizontal plane, as a parallelogram, and the depth of maximum 5 meters.

In the case of a superior to 2 meters depth, the ditch should be executed in stairs.
The ground resulted from digging is to be deposited around the ditch, at a distance of minimum 0,5 meters and
on a height of maximum 0,5 meters.

2.1.2 The trench is a ditch executed on descent fields; the in plane dimensions and the depth are established
according to desired aim.
On fields with inclination superior to 30, the diggings floor is executed in stairs with width of
0,5 1,0 meters and the excavated ground should not be upstream deposited.

2.1.3 The baring is executed by removing the ground that covers the formation which represents the object of
research. The dimensions in plane and the depth of the baring are established according to the surface which is
necessary to be exposed and to the thickness of the layer to be eliminated.

2.1.4 The depth of the shaft is according to desired aim.

The shafts section is established according to the depth, to the gauge of digging equipment and to the bed
rock programmed testing, in conformity with the specific technical settlements concerning geological works from the
category mining works and geo-mechanical prospect works.

2.1.5 The manhole is executed underground, in horizontal and slightly inclined plane.

The section and the length of the manhole are established according to the rocks nature and to the desired aim,
in conformity with the specific technical settlements mentioned at 2.1.5.

NOTE Under special circumstances, for bed rock testing, can be executed also other work, as: rise headings, inclined planes,
staples, rooms etc.

2.2 After finishing the testing, the boring should be stowed.

2.3 The realizing of open borings (digging, reinforcing, walls clothing, evacuation of the extracted from the rocks
material, sampling, airing, staffs transportation, removal of metal fitting etc.) is realized respecting the technical
settlements concerning work protection, which are specific to the prospect activity and to the geological exploration
through mining works.

2.4 In the case in which the keeping of open boring works for a longer period is considered necessary, there will
be taken measures for its conservation.


3 SAMPLING, PACKING AND REMITTANCE OF SPECIMEN

3.1 Sampling

3.1.1 In the open borings are sampled undisturbed specimen (monoliths, with dimensions of minimum
20 x 20 x 20 cm and sockets) and disturbed specimen. The number of specimen and their manner of sampling are to
be established through disposition written by geo-technician.
3.1.2 Undisturbed and disturbed specimen are labeled immediately after the extraction from the layer and is paraffin
coated according to STAS 1242/4-85.
On the undisturbed specimen is indicated the position which this had on the layer, by writing UP at the
inferior part of the monoliths, DOWN at the inferior part and, eventually, its orientation given the cardinal points.
3.2 Packing and remittance of specimen
3.2.1 Monolith sampling is to be placed in a box designed in such a way as to exist interspaces between the walls
and the bonnet of the box. The interspaces are to be filled up with a material which should allow the amortization of
the shocks or with granulated ground.
On the box should be written FRAGILE.
3.2.2 The packing of the specimen is to be realized under conditions which should ensure their integrity (protected
plastic bags, wooden boxes, plastic boxes or pots etc.).
3.2.3 The specimen packed as mentioned at point 3.2.1 or 3.2.2 are remitted to the laboratory in cases or containers,
of which total mass should not overpass 50 kg.
STAS 1242/3-87 3

3.2.4 The specimen remitted to the laboratory should be accompanied by a content register and by a copy of the
open borings card, realized on the field, according to the stipulations mentioned at point number 4.

4 RESULTS PRESENTATION

4.1 According as executing the open borings, it is realized also its card.
4.2 The stratification should be described in conformity with STAS 1243-83 and should be represented in
conformity with STAS 3948-69.
4.3 For the vertical diggings, stratification and the obtained dates are reported in the card, according to the model
in annex A.
In the card, there are indicated the topographic coordinates of the shaft of the open boring (at the inclined
fields, the corners quote), the orientation of the walls given a specific direction (as preference, given North
direction), borings depth, depth of every layer, walls boring unwinding lithological profile (surveying), underground
water level, sampling etc.
For with horizontal stratification grounds, the card is to be reported to one single wall of the open boring.
4.4 For the horizontal diggings (manholes), the existent stratification and the dates are reported, in card, for walls,
ceiling and diggings front (surveying), according to the model of annex B.
In the card, there are indicated the topographical coordinates of the manhole entrance, its shaft orientation
given the North direction, lythological unwinding profile of the layers (surveying), position of sampled specimen,
pressure zones, fissure zones, water appearances, gas appearance etc.
4.5 The inclined diggings are assimilated as horizontal or vertical works, according to their inclination.
4.6 When appears baring, according to the necessities, an be presented dates only for the inferior part of the
digging.































STAS 1242/3-87 4


ANNEX A

CARD OF THE SHAFT Number.
( DITCH )
( TRENCH )

WORK_________________________________
Started at _______________________________
Finished at ______________________________
Scale _______________________________________

Coordinates
x ______________
y ______________
z ______________





Realized_____________________
Designed ____________________
Verified _____________________



The depths of the layers at
the corners (m)
Geological unwinding profile
Layers description
Soil
Gray argil with rare fragments of
freestones (adobe)
Gray freestone, stratified
in centimeter and
decimeter benches,
changed on around 1
meter, on surface
Gray argillaceous slate with
bright surfaces
Gray micaceous fissured
freestone.
Coatings position
N 50 E/ 15 NW.

Grey argillaceous slates
Gray compact freestone,
thin and raw.
Coatings position
N 60 E/ 15 NW.
Pot
Socket
Monolith
W
a
t
e
r

s

l
e
v
e
l

Specimen
no
Depth
Observations
Wall 3-4
(corner 4)
Wall 1-4

Wall 2-3

Wall 2-3
Wall 1-4
STAS 1242/3-87 5


ANNEX B

CARD OF THE MANHOLE Number.



























































LEGEND

Abode. Freestones fragments in argillaceous sandy matrix


Micaceous, gray, fissured freestone, but more massive in comparison with 5.


Argillaceous gray slates, with bright surfaces, with intercalations.


Carboniferous intercalation.


Gray, raw, powerfully fissured micaceous freestone (fissures treated with argillaceous material), with changing-like
surfaces.

Quasi vertical fissure filled up with black argil, with structural surfaces and little freestone fragments.

Powerfully changing-like zone (it is very easy to cob it).
WORK ________________________________________
Started at _______________________________________
Finished at ______________________________________
Scale __________________________________________

Coordinates
x________________
y________________
z________________

Realized_____________________________________
Designed ____________________________________
Verified _____________________________________

STAS 1242/3-87 6

























































Project coordinator:
MA Institute of Studies and Designs for Fundamental
Improvements
Engineer: Dan Cristodulo
Final elaboration: Romanian Standards Association;
Engineer Magda Ionescu.


Colaborators
-Agronomic Institute Nicolae Blcescu Bucharest Asgronomy
University
-Institute of Hydroenergetic Studies and Design
- Design Institute for Highway, Naval and Air ships Transport
-Institute of Research Design for Water Management