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Immaculata University Math Center

Review Topics: Integration by Parts


Integration by parts is an integration technique that is useful for integrating
products of functions. Not all products require integration by parts though, so always
try a u-substitution rst. The following formula is found by integrating the product
rule for derivatives:

u dv = uv

v du
1. In order to use the formula, you need to decide which part of your integrand is
u and which part is dv. To do this, remember the word LIATE which stands
for: Logarithm, Inverse Trig, Algebraic, Trig, and Exponential. Then, let u be
the factor of your integrand which occurs rst on the list. (Note that algebraic
means polynomial!) Let dv be everything else in the integrand.
2. Find du by taking the derivative of u, and nd v by integrating dv.
3. Plug into the formula, and nish the integration.
Note that you may need to use integration by parts more than once on a single
integral. If the integral of v du is still a product, you may need to apply integration
by parts to this integral.
Example 1 Integrate:

xe
x
dx
1. This integrand is the product x times e
x
. x is an algebraic function and e
x
is
exponential. Since algebraic occurs before exponential on the list, we let u = x
and dv = e
x
dx.
2. u = x, so du = dx. dv = e
x
dx, so v =

e
x
dx = e
x
.
3. Now, we have:

u dv = uv

v du

xe
x
dx = xe
x

e
x
dx
= xe
x
e
x
+ c
So,

xe
x
dx = xe
x
e
x
+ c.
Example 2 Integrate:

x ln x dx
1. This integrand is the product x times ln x. x is an algebraic function and ln x is
logarithmic. Since logarithmic occurs befor algebraic on the list, we let u = ln x
and dv = x dx.
2. u = ln x, so du =
1
x
dx. dv = x dx, so v =

x dx =
1
2
x
2
.
1
3. Now, we have:

u dv = uv

v du

ln x x dx = ln x
1
2
x
2

1
2
x
2

1
x
dx
=
1
2
x
2
ln x
1
2

x dx
=
1
2
x
2
ln x
1
2

1
2
x
2
+ c
=
1
2
x
2
ln x
1
4
x
2
+ c
So,

x ln x dx =
1
2
x
2
ln x
1
4
x
2
+ c.
If, in addition, we wanted to calculate the denite integral:

e
1
x ln x dx,
then, we would have:

e
1
x ln x dx =
1
2
x
2
ln x
1
4
x
2

e
1
=

1
2
e
2
ln e
1
4
e
2

1
2
1
2
ln 1
1
4
1
2

1
2
e
2

1
4
e
2

0
1
4

=
1
4
e
2
+
1
4
So,

e
1
x ln x dx =
1
4
e
2
+
1
4
Example 3 Integrate:

x
2
sin x dx
1. This integrand is the product x
2
times sin x. x
2
is an algebraic function and
sin x is trigonometric. Since algebraic occurs before trigonometric on the list,
we let u = x
2
and dv = sin x dx.
2. u = x
2
, so du = 2x dx. dv = sin x dx, so v =

sin x dx = cos x.
3. Now, we have:

u dv = uv

v du

x sin x dx = x
2
cos x

cos x 2x dx
= x
2
cos x + 2

x cos x dx
2
The new integral still requires integration by parts, so lets do it one more time.
1. This integrand is the product x times cos x. x is an algebraic function and cos x
is trigonometric. Since algebraic occurs before trigonometric on the list, we let
u = x and dv = cos x dx.
2. u = x, so du = dx. dv = cos x dx, so v =

cos x dx = sin x.
3. Now, we have:

x sin x dx = x
2
cos x + 2

x cos x dx
= x
2
cos x + 2

x sin x

sin x dx

= x
2
cos x + 2 (x sin x + cos x + c)
= x
2
cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + c
So,

x
2
sin x dx = x
2
cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + c.
Example 4 Integrate:

tan
1
x dx
1. This integrand is not really a product, but if your integrand is an inverse trig
function, integration by parts often works. Think of the integrand as the product
tan
1
x times 1. tan
1
x is an inverse trig function and 1 is algebraic. Since
inverse trig occurs before algebraic on the list, we let u = tan
1
x and dv = dx.
2. u = tan
1
x, so du =
1
1+x
2
dx. dv = dx, so v =

dx = x.
3. Now, we have:

u dv = uv

v du

tan
1
x dx = tan
1
x x

1
1 + x
2
x dx
= x tan
1
x

x
1 + x
2
dx
To evaluate this integral, we must do a u-substitution with u = 1 + x
2
, the
denominator of the fraction. Then, du = 2x dx. We only have x dx, so solving
for this, we have:
1
2
du = x dx. Doing the substitution, we have:

tan
1
x dx = x tan
1
x

x
1 + x
2
dx
= x tan
1
x
1
2

1
u
du
= x tan
1
x
1
2
ln |u| + c
= x tan
1
x
1
2
ln

1 + x
2

+ c
3
So,

tan
1
x dx = x tan
1
x
1
2
ln (1 + x
2
) + c.
Example 5 Integrate:

e
x
cos x dx
1. This integrand is the product e
x
times cos x. e
x
is an exponential function and
cos x is trigonometric. Since trigonometric occurs before algebraic on the list,
we let u = cos x and dv = e
x
dx.
2. u = cos x, so du = sin x dx. dv = e
x
dx, so v =

e
x
dx = e
x
.
3. Now, we have:

u dv = uv

v du

e
x
cos x dx = cos x e
x

e
x
sin x dx

e
x
cos x dx = e
x
cos x +

e
x
sin x dx
The new integral still requires integration by parts, so lets do it one more time.
1. This integrand is the product e
x
times sin x. e
x
is an exponential function and
sin x is trigonometric. Since trigonometric occurs before algebraic on the list,
we let u = sin x and dv = e
x
dx.
2. u = sin x, so du = cos x dx. dv = e
x
dx, so v =

e
x
dx = e
x
.
3. Now, we have:

e
x
cos x dx = e
x
cos x +

e
x
sin x dx

e
x
cos x dx = e
x
cos x +

sin x e
x

e
x
cos x dx

e
x
cos x dx = e
x
cos x + e
x
sin x

e
x
cos x dx
Now, notice that we are not getting anywhere. The new integral is the same as the
one we started with. What can we do? We can solve for the integral in the equation:

e
x
cos x dx = e
x
cos x + e
x
sin x

e
x
cos x dx
2

e
x
cos x dx = e
x
cos x + e
x
sin x + c

e
x
cos x dx =
1
2
e
x
cos x +
1
2
e
x
sin x + c
So,

e
x
cos x dx =
1
2
e
x
cos x +
1
2
e
x
sin x + c. This is an often used example because
of the odd step of solving for the integral at the end. The key to this problem is to
recognize that the integral is repeating.
4
Integrate the following:
1.

xe
2x
dx
2.

x
2
ln x dx
3.

x cos x dx
4.

e
1
ln x dx
5.

x
2
e
x
3
dx
6.

x
2
e
x
dx
7.

e
x
sin(2x) dx
8.

sin
1
x dx
Answers:
1. Let u = x:
1
2
xe
2x

1
4
e
2x
+ c
2. Let u = ln x:
1
3
x
3
ln x
1
9
x
3
+ c
3. Let u = x: x sin x + cos x + c
4. Let u = ln x: x ln x x|
e
1
= 1
5. u-substitution, with u = x
3
:
1
3
e
x
3
+ c
6. Let u = x
2
, and you need to use integration by parts twice: x
2
e
x
2xe
x

2e
x
+ c
7. Let u = sin 2x, and you need to use integration by parts twice:
1
5
e
x
sin 2x
2
5
e
x
cos 2x + c
8. Let u = sin
1
x: x sin
1
x +

1 x
2
+ c
5

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