IESO Question Papers (2010-2013)

IESO Question Papers
(2010-2013)

Compiled By
Science Olympiad Blog

IESO 2010
(Theory)

ASTRONOMY
THEORY

ASTRONOMY
Students can use the table provided in the last page for solving the problems if necessary.
A. Multiple Choice
1. Suppose you see a new planet in the night sky. Based on observations, you find that the
planet is close to the Sun, with maximum elongation of 30 degrees. Given that the maximum
elongations of Venus and Mercury are 46 and 23 degrees respectively, you can conclude that :
a. the orbit of the planet is closer to the Sun than that of Mercury
b. the orbit of the planet is located between those of Mercury and Venus
c. the orbit of the planet is located between those of Venus and Earth
d. the position of the planet can not be determined from the given data
e. all the answers above are incorrect
[1 point]

2. For an astronaut who is standing on the surface of the Moon facing the Earth, which one of
the following statements is correct?
a. The Earth will always appear as a full disk
b. The length of one day and one night is equal to the synodic period of the Moon seen by an
observer on the Earth
c. The length of the day is half of the sidereal period of the Moon orbiting the Earth
d. The duration between Earth rise and Earth set is the same as the duration between New Moon
and Full Moon on the Earth
e. The surface of the Earth facing the Moon is always the same so that only one side of the Earth
is visible from the Moon
[1.5 points]

3. How would the length of the solar day change if the direction of the Earths rotation is
suddenly reversed while maintaining the direction of revolution?
a. It would be 4 minutes longer than before
b. It would be 4 minutes shorter than before
c. It would be 8 minutes longer than before
d. It would be 8 minutes shorter than before
e. It would not change, but remains the same as before
[1.5 points]
4. According to stellar evolution theory, the Sun will evolve into the red giant stage in a few
billion years. How would the average temperature on the surface of the Earth change compared
to the present temperature, in the time when the Sun becomes a red giant with a radius of
1.1210
7
km and its temperature drops to 2900 K ? Assume that the current radius of the Sun is
710
5
km, its surface temperature is 5800 K and neglect the possible change of the albedo of the
Earth.
a. Becomes four times the present temperature
b. Becomes twice the present temperature
c. Becomes half the present temperature
d. Becomes a quarter of the present temperature
e. No change
[2 points]

5. The parallax of a star measured on the Earth is 0.05 arc-seconds. Determine its parallax if we
measure it from Jupiter (heliocentric distance of Jupiter is 5.2 AU).
a. 1.00 arc- seconds
b. 0.52 arc- seconds
c. 0.33 arc- seconds
d. 0.26 arc- seconds
e. 0.15 arc- seconds
[1.5 points]

6. If the mass of the Sun increases by two times its present value, and the planets remain in their
present orbits, then the Earths period of revolution will be about:
a. 423 days
b. 365 days
c. 321 days
d. 258 days
e. 147 days
[1.5 points]

7. If the perihelion of comet Halley is 8.9 10
10
meters and its period is 76 years, then the
eccentricity of Halley is:

a. 0.567
b. 0.667
c. 0.767
d. 0.867
e. 0.967
[1.5 points]

8. A particular spectral line of a star is observed at 4999 . According to laboratory
experiments, this spectral line should appear at 5000 . What is the velocity of this star
relative to the observer?
a. 60 km/s approaching the observer
b. 60 km/s receding the observer
c. 75 km/s approaching the observer
d. 75 km/s receding the observer
e. The star does not move relative to the observer
[1.5 points]

B. Essay
1. Some time ago, there was a rumour that the planet Mars as seen from the Earth would appear
as big as the Moon (about 0.5). The following data are given. The semi-major axis and
eccentricity of the Earth are a
E
= 1 AU and e
E
= 0.017 respectively and those of Mars are a
M
=
1.5 AU, e
M
= 0.093, and the radius of Mars is R = 3393.4 km. Determine the maximum
angular diamater of Mars and justify the rumour (answer with a RIGHT or WRONG).
To answer these you have to
a. Draw a sketch of the situation.
b. Show the formula(s) that will be used.
c. Show the calculations and the final results.
[5 points]

2. On January 15, 2010, there was an annular eclipse, where at maximum 97% of Solar disk
was covered by the Moon. At that time the Earth was very close to its perihelion. The
following data are given. The semi major axis of the Earths orbit is 1.510
8
km, the solar
radius is 710
5
km, eccentricity 0.017 and the radius of the Moon is 1.73810
3
km.
What is the distance of the Moon from the Earth ?
(Show the formula(e), calculations and the final results)
[3 points]

Table of constants and units

Constants Symbols Values
Solar luminosity L

3.86 x 10
26
Js
-1
= 3.86 x 10
26
watt
Solar constant F

1.368 x 10
3
Jm
-2

Universal gravitational constant G 6.67 x 10
-11
Nm
2
kg
-2

Earths gravitational acceleration g 9.8 ms
-2

Earth mass M
5.98 x 10
24
kg
Lunar mass M

7.34 x 10
22
kg
Solar mass M

1.99 x 10
30
kg
Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.68 x 10
-8
Js
-1
m
-2
K
-4

Astronomical Unit AU 1.496 x 10
11
m
Moon-Earth average distance D 3.84 x 10
8
m
Earth radius R
6.37 x 10
6
m
Solar radius R

6.96 x 10
8
m
Sidereal year 365.256 days = 3.16 x 10
7
s
Solar effective temperature T

5880 K
Light year Ly 9.5 x 10
15
m
Parsec pc 3.26 Ly
Speed of light c
3 x 10
8
m/s

GEOPHYSICS
THEORY
Page 2 of 6
21. Gravitational acceleration, g, at the surface of the earth can be formulated as
2
r
M
G g = where G = 6.673 x 10
-11
N.m
2
/kg
2
, M = 5.98 x 10
24
kg and r = the
distance from the Earths surface to its centre. If the gravity, g, at the mean sea
level (R = 6371 km) is 9.83 m/s
2
and the gravity value depends on elevation,
h, gravity value decreases with increasing elevation as per the formula _____ .
(Note: 1 cm/s
2
= 1 gal). Write the calculation procedure. (2 points)

Page 3 of 6

22. The mathematical formula for seismic refraction in 2-layer systems shows that
the travel time of seismic waves, t, is dependant on its propagation distance, x.

2 1 2
2 / 1 2
1
2
2 1
) ( 2
V
x
V V
V V h
t +
=

where t is the travel time of seismic waves (second)
h
1
is the thickness of 1
st
layer
x is the distance of seismic wave
propagation
V
1
is the seismic velocity in 1
st
layer
V
2
is the seismic velocity in 2
nd
layer
The seismic velocity of layers, V
1
and V
2
, and the
thickness of layer, h, are constant. The seismic refraction
data are given in Table 1. Determine the seismic velocity of the 1
st
and 2
nd

layers, V
1
and V
2
, respectively (2 points)
- Write the calculation procedure. (2 points)
- Calculate h
1
(1 point)

x (m) t (ms)
2 4
4 10
6 12
8 19
10 24
12 27
14 30
16 31
18 32
20 34
22 36
24 39
Table 1. Seismic
Refraction Data
Page 4 of 6
23. Tthe number of earthquake events (N) and their magnitude (M) are related as
follows:

log N = a b M

The graph associated with the
above equation is shown in
Figure 1 for such an
earthquake which occurred at
Padang, West Sumatra. The
parameter a is a constant
representing the number of
earthquakes which have
magnitude higher than 1 on the
Richter scale. Similarly, b is a value that represents the ratio of the number of
small to big eartquakes. If the value of b is 1, determine the ratio of the
number of earthquakes (with magnitude 5) to the number of earthquakes (with
magnitude 7) on the Richter scale (2 points).

Figure 1. The graph of number (N) of earthquakes
versus its magnitude (M) of Padangs event.
b = 1
M
Padangs earthquake
Page 5 of 6
24. An earthquake was recorded at four seismic stations in Central Java,
Indonesia. Figure 2 shows the locations of the seismic stations: AE2 (7.7 S;
109.5 E), AG2 (7.6 S; 110.0 E), BH2 (7.5 S; 110.4 E), and AK4 (8.2 S; 110.9
E). Figure 3 displays the seismograms recorded at the seismic stations. If the
average longitudinal (P) wave velocity, V
p
, is 6.4 km/s and the average
transversal (S) wave velocity, V
s
, is 3.7 km/s, determine the epicenter of the
earthquake. Write the calculation procedure and draw your graphical solution
in Figure 2. (1 degree = 111 km). (5 points)

P
a
g
e

6

o
f

6

A

G
o
o
g
l
e

E
a
r
t
h

M
a
p

o
f

C
e
n
t
r
a
l

J
a
v
a
,

I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a

F
i
g
u
r
e

2
.

L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n

o
f

t
h
e

s
e
i
s
m
i
c

s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s

A
E
2
,

A
G
2
,

B
H
2
,

a
n
d

A
K
4

w
h
i
c
h

r
e
c
o
r
d
e
d

t
h
e

e
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
e
.
Page 7 of 6

25. Figures 4 and 5 show total intensity of geomagnetic field and its inclination
maps in 2005. Draw in the following figure total magnetic field vector (direction
and magnitude of intensity) measured at Equador and Yogyakarta.

Figure 3. Seismograms of the earthquake recorded at seismic stations AE2, AG2, BH2, and
AK4.

P
P
P
P
S
S
S
S
AE2
AG2
BH2
AK4
Seismograms from stations AE2, AG2, BH2, and AK4

GEOLOGY
THEORY

GEOLOGY

1. The law of superposition explains that (1 point)
a. The lower stratum is older than the upper stratum.
b. The lower stratum is younger than the upper stratum.
c. If there is a disturbance, the lower stratum is older than the upper stratum.
d. If there is no disturbance, the lower stratum is older than the upper stratum.
e. The stratum is characterized by fossil content.

2. If we stand along a strike-slip fault, and if the left hand side block has moved towards
us, (1 point)
we call this a______________
a. Dextral strike-slip fault
b. Sinistral strike-slip fault
c. Normal fault
d. Thrust fault
e. Oblique fault.

3. The last mineral to form in the Bowens Reaction Series is ____________. (1 point)
a. Olivine
b. Quartz
c. Orthoclase
d. Biotite
e. Pyroxene.

4. Which fossil is usually found in Permo-Carboniferous rocks? (2 points)
a. Homo erectus
b. Mastodont
c. Eohippus
d. Nummulites
e. Fusulina

5. The Mohorovicic discontinuity is characterized by ______________. (2 points)
a. A change in seismic wave velocity
b. High temperature
c. Elevated gravity
d. Rayleigh wave attenuation
e. High pressure

6. ___________ is an ore mineral of aluminum. (2 points)
a. Bauxite
b. Garnierite
c. Pyrite
d. Chalcocite
e. Chalcopyrite

7. When did Pangea the supercontinent break up into Gondwana (2 points)
and Lauratia continents?
a. Silurian period
b. Cambrian period
c. Triassic period
d. Oligocene epoch
e. Eocene epoch

8. Which of the following is a character of river valley in its early stage? (2 points)
a. Alluvial fans
b. U-shaped cross section
c. V-shaped cross section
d. Flood plain
e. Meander

9.

The figure above shows several invertebrate fossils. The names of (2 points)
the fossils are:
a. 1=Ammonite 2= Blastoidea 3=Trilobite
b. 1= Blastoidea 2= Ammonite 3= Trilobite
c. 1= Trilobite 2= Ammonite 3=Blastoidea
d. 1=Trilobite 2= Blastoidea 3= Ammonite
e. 1= Blastoidea 2= Trilobite 3= Ammonite

10. Which of the following is not the landslide? (2 points)
a. Rockfall
b. Debris fall
c. Subsidence
d. Sliding
e. Mudflow

11. In stratigraphy, the grouping of sedimentary rocks based on (2 points)
their fossil content is called ______________.
a. Lithostratigraphy
b. Chronostratigraphy
c. Geochronology
d. Biostratigraphy
e. Sequence stratigraphy

12. The unconformity between the older igneous/metamorphic rocks and (1 point)
picasaweb.google.com
www.pifik.org www.bewareofdarwinistfalsehoods.com
the younger sedimentary rock is called ___________________.
a. Angular unconformity
b. Nonconformity
c. Paraconformity
d. Hiatus
e. Disconformity

13 . The Himalayan mountain started rising since the ____________. (1 point)
a. Pleistocene
b. Miocene
c. Jurassic
d. Eocene
e. Pliocene

14. Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock that consists of ____________. (1 point)
a. Round grains of size more than 2 mm
b. Round grains of size less than 2 mm
c. Angular grains less than 2 mm
d. Angular grains more than 2 mm
e. Round or angular grains cemented by SiO2 or CaCO3.

15. Based on the geologic cross-section given below, (3 points)
the chronology of the geologic events is:

a. Conglomerate - Shale sandstone limestone unconformity fault
granite
b. Granite fault unconformity limestone sandstone shale
conglomerate
c. Shale granite sandstone unconformity fault limestone
conglomerate
d. Shale sandstone fault limestone unconformity conglomerate
granite
e. Shale fault sandstone limestone unconformity conglomerate
granite

16. Limestone consists of calcium carbonate minerals. The most abundant calcium
carbonate mineral is ________________. (2 points)

17. Two major minerals in granite are _________________ and ___________________.
(2 points)

18. If we have a fault where the hanging wall has relatively moved down compared to the foot
wall, (1 point)
we call this fault a __________.
a. Dextral strike-slip fault
b. Sinistral strike-slip fault
c. Normal fault
d. Thrust fault
e. Oblique fault

19. According to the V rule, the stratum (in darker grey color) in the figure below strikes in
________ direction and dips in the _____________ direction. (2 points)

N

m

20. If you make a geologic section along the true dip in the figure given above, the cross
section should run in __________________ direction and the thickness of the stratum is
_________ m. (2 points)

METEOROLOGY
THEORY
Page 1 of 9
Intructions:
1. Please write your name and nationality in English on the cover page.
2. The time allocated for this examination is three hours.
3. Please write your answer legibly. Illegible answers will be counted as
incorrect.
4. Please keep your answers short and focus on the key points.
5. Please write your answers only in this test booklet.
a. Encircle or mark the answer of your choice.
b. Write essay-type answers where indicated by the question, and
c. Use extra paper provided by the committee for calculation.
6. You may answer the questions in English, your native language, or a
combination of both.
7. Read the entire question group carefully before starting to answer. Each
question has a point value assigned, for example, (1 pt).
8. For some questions, you will be asked to provide answers on the figures.
Please do so carefully.
9. Any inappropriate examination behaviour will result in your removal.
Page 2 of 9

METEOROLOGY

1. One of the following is NOT a term for atmospheric divisions/subdivisions (5
points)
(a) thermosphere
(b) ionosphere
(c) cryosphere
(d) heterosphere
(e) homosphere.

2. With regard to atmospheric electricity, which statement is correct? (5 points)
(a) Lightning always strikes from cloud to ground
(b) Cloud particles are always negatively charged
(c) Lighting sometimes strikes from the top of the cloud to the ionosphere
(d) Electrical charges (+ and -) are evenly distributed inside a thunderstorm cloud
(e) All the above statements are true.

Page 3 of 9
3. (A). The temperature and relative humidity of an air parcel at 1013 hPa are 30
0
C
and 53.65% respectively. Given 10
0
C/km as the dry adiabatic lapse rate for the
tropical region, determine the height of the condensation level. (10 points)

Temperature Degrees Celsius
Vapor (g) per Kilogram of Dry
Air
50 88.12
40 49.81
30 27.69
20 14.85
10 7.76
0 3.84

(B). What is the temperature of the air parcel when it arrives at the mountain
slope at a height of 2539 m? Assume that the saturated adiabatic lapse rate
for tropical region is 6.5
0
C/km. (10 points)

(C). Calculate the temperature and relative humidity of the air parcel after
passing over the top of the mountain (height of 3308 m) and then moving
down to the initial pressure level (1013 hPa) on the other side of the
mountain. (15 points)

Page 4 of 9
4. Wind speed measurements at the Equator in Pontianak, West Kalimantan,
Indonesia, give an average value of 20 m/s. If the pressure difference between two
nearest isobars, separated by a distance of 800 km, is 8 hPa and the air density is
0.364 kg/m
3
, how large is the Coriolis force per unit mass in that site? (3 points)
(a) 0.02 ms
-2

(b) 1.37 x 10
-4
ms
-2

(c) 0 ms
-2

(d) 1.37 x 10
-6
ms
-2

(e) 1.37 ms
-2

5. Refer to the diagram of a mature wave cyclone in Figure 6. Which one of the
stations listed below has the least likelihood of rain and cloud cover? (6 points)
(a) point A
(b) point H
(c) point B
(d) point I
(e) point G

Figure 6. Mature wave cyclone diagram (contours are isobar)

6. At a location where the Coriolis parameter f 10
-4
s
-1
, a geostrophic wind speed of
5 ms
-1
is observed blowing to the west. Which pressure gradient force per unit mass
is corresponding to the geostrophic wind? : (6 points)
(a) 510
-4
ms
-2

(b) 0.005 ms
-2

(c) -0.00005 ms
-2

(d) -510
-4
ms
-2

(e) 0.00005 ms
-2

Page 5 of 9

7. Look at the figure below

Figure 7. Illustration for essay question 7
Three air parcels A, B, and C are placed at altitudes of 5, 15, and 30 km as shown in
the figure above. If the parcels are displaced vertically upward, predict the
responses/trajectories of the parcels. (10 points)

Parcel Responses*
A
B
C
*) Provide your answers using the following symbols :
: keeps moving upward
: stays at new altitude
: oscillates around the original altitude
Page 6 of 9

8. According to Ramage, the Maritime Continent of Indonesia is in a monsoon region.
During the Indonesian west monsoon (season), the main wind over the Sangihe
Talaud Islands (5
0
30 23 N 126
0
34 35 E) just south of the Philippines is mostly
(3 points)
(a) Westerly
(b) Easterly
(c) Southerly
(d) Northeasterly
(e) Southwesterly

9. Figure 8 below is the Indonesian annual rainfall type map. It shows that the western
part of Sumatra (coastal area) has the equatorial rainfall type even though some
areas are located some distance from the equator. Choose the best explanation for
this phenomenon from the options below. (6 points)
(a) Under the influence of the Indonesia-Australia Monsoon
(b) Combination effects of the orography of the Bukit Barisan mountain range and
the Indian Ocean
(c) Because of the South China Sea
(d) Because of the activity of tropical cyclones
(e) Under the influence of the Indonesian through flow.
P
a
g
e

7

o
f

9

F
i
g
u
r
e

8
.

I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n

A
n
n
u
a
l

R
a
i
n
f
a
l
l

T
y
p
e

M
a
p

Page 8 of 9

10. Greenhouse gases are transparent to visual radiation and not transparent to infrared
radiation. Sequence the gases according to their radiative forcings, starting from the
largest impact. (6 points)
(a) CO
2
, CH
4
, H
2
O, NO
2

(b) H
2
O, CH
4
, CO
2
, NO
2

(c) H
2
O, CO
2
, CH
4
, NO
2

(d) CO
2
, H
2
O, NO
2
, CH
4

(e) None is true.

11. When you attempt to predict the weather for the next 25 minutes by assuming that
conditions in general will not change during that time, you would employ (3 points)
(a) persistence forecasting
(b) statistical forecasting.
(c) historical forecasting.
(d) numerical forecasting.
(e) synoptic forecasting.
Page 9 of 9
12. Look at figure 9.

Figure 9. Ceilometer for essay question 40

It is a ceilometer, the device to measure the elevation of cloud ceiling. It consists of
a projector and detector. The projector has two lamps that each emit a focused
beam through a shutter. The focusing mirrors and lamps rotate, so the beams are
transmitted as pulses, shining at an angle onto the base of the cloud. The detector
responds electronically to a series of pulses at the predetermined frequency. The
height of the cloud base is calculated trigonometrically from angles of the
transmitted and reflected beams and the known distance between the projector and
the detector. A ceilometer can measure cloud bases up to 3000 m during the day
and up to about 6000 m at night.

If the distance b between the projector and the detector of a ceilometer is fixed at 20
m and the angle between the transmitted beam and the reflected beam onto a
cloud is 0.5 deg, calculate the distance d to the base of the cloud.
(12 points)

OCEANOGRAPHY
THEORY
Page 1 of 3
Oceanography
For the following questions please choose the best of the possible answers.

1. What causes ocean layering? (10pnt)
a. Polar ice caps
b. Currents
c. Density differences
d. Waves
e. Evaporation and precipitation

2. The oceans can absorb a large amount of solar energy without significant increases in
temperature. This is primarily because .. (10 pnt)
a. there is a huge volume of sea water.
b. the evaporation latent heat of water is relativly small.
c. the sea surface does not reflect the incoming heat.
d. the Heat capacity of sea water is relativly high
e. the large amount of salt in sea water.

3. Which is the best statement about concentration of O
2
in the seawater? (10 pnt)
a. The concentration of O
2
in the surface layer is higher than in deeper layers.
b. The concentration of O
2
during winter is higher than during the summer.
c. The concentration of O2 in the high latitude areas is higher than in tropical areas.
d. Answer (a) and (b) are correct.
e. Answer (a),(b), and (c) are correct.

Page 2 of 3

4. The ocean budget depends on evaporation and precipitation. These effects influence
surface salinity. Based on this figure, explain why salinity in tropical waters is lower than
sub tropical waters. (20pnt)

5. Match the corresponding currents listed below by letter to the correct location on the
following map. (20 pnt)

(A) Alaska current
(B) Peru current
(C) North Atlantic current
(D) Brazil current
(E) Falkland current

6.

Labrador current
California
current
Equatorial. Counter
Current
East Australian current
West Wind drift
North. Pasific
current
North. Equatorial.
Current
South Equatorial.
Current
West Australian
Current
Page 3 of 3

6. Recently it has been discovered that floating trash is concentrating in specific areas of
the oceans. These areas are located in the gyres or areas of circulating currents. (See
map above #55) The plastic trash is estimated to remain concentrated in these areas for
many hundreds of years into the future before it breaks down photo-chemically. One
gyre has an Island of trash twice the size of the state of Texas.

The picture below is a sketch of a gyre.
1) Where is this type of the gyre found?
A) in the Northern Hemisphere, or
B) in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth. (Answer: A or B). (10 pnt)

2) According to the circle diagram above, complete the following sketch of water mass
profile movement across the centre of the gyre. Show vertical motion of the water (if
any). (20 pnt)

Surface water
Deep water
1000 m
2000 km

IESO 2010
(Practical)

ASTRONOMY
PRACTICAL
IESO 2010
Astronomy Practical Test
Yogyakarta, 19-28 September 2010

Plan A; Good weather
Time: 15 minutes

Problem:
Night observation using telescope with eye piece (coordinates of the
location: South 07 55.0144, East 110 34.344). Find and look carefully
Jupiter (RA: 23h 56m 32s; Dec: -02
0
0659) and Galilean satellites
a. Please select a suitable (provided) eye-piece for viewing all
Galilean satellites in one field of view
(20 points)
b. Draw the positions of Jupiter satellites with the proper orientation
on the provided answer sheet. How many satellites of Jupiter are
seen?
(60 points)
c. Give marking the N-S and E-W directions on your answer sheet
(20 points)

Plan B: Bad weather
Time: 10 menit

Problem:
1. Mark by names or numbers (1, 2 and 3) on the printed sky map, the
positions of the bright stars as listed below (15 minutes)
1. Antares (Alpha Scorpii)
(RA: 16h 29m 24.461s; Dec: -26
0
25 55.209)
2. Vega (Alpha Lyra)
(RA: 18h 36m 56.336s; Dec: +38
0
47 01.290)
3. Arcturus (Alpha Bootis)
(RA: 14h 15m 39.672s; Dec: +19
0
10 56.67)
(total point for three stars 40)

2. Draw the ecliptic line in the map and identify the position of Mars
(10 for ecliptic and 10 for Mars)
3. Calculate the hour angle of Jupiter (RA: 23h 56m 32s; Dec: -02
0
0659) in
the sky at 8.00 PM local time. (coordinates of the location : South 07
55.0144, East 110 34.344 )
(20)(5 minutes)
4. Point the telescope to the direction of Jupiter (RA: 23h 56m 32s; Dec: -
02
0
0659) and show to the jury (coordinates of the location : South 07
55.0144, East 110 34.344 )
(20)

ATMOSPHERE
PRACTICAL
Practical Test Atmosphere

Meteorological observation is the basis of atmospheric science. Such observations are made for a
variety of reasons. Observations made primarily for providing information for weather forecasts are
termed synoptic.
Synoptic observations are more frequent and more detailed, and are encoded for immediate
transmission to forecasting centres.

1. Inspect all instruments inside and outside the meteorological screen marked by A,B,C,D,and E and put
check mark ( ) in the table below to match the instruments and meteorological parameters to
measure. (20 points)

Instruments Parameters to
measure
A B C D E
Temperature
Wind speed
Wind direction
Net Radiation
Precipitation
Relative Humidity
Air pressure

2. Observe at the Central Java map given below: (40 points)

The star marks are the locations of meteorological stations in central Java, and the table on the next page
provides the sinoptic data at these stations.

synoptic code
station area
IIiii Nddff
VVwwW
PPPTT
N
h
C
L
C
M
C
H

T
d
T
d
9RR
A Tegal 96797 81115 ///// 10130 ///// 239//
B Pekalongan 80910 ///// 103// ///// //9//
C Semarang 96839 2//// ///// 10728 ///// 209//
D Kudus 50510 ///// ///27 ///// 219//
E Surakarta 96845 31205 ///// 02326 ///// 209//
F Solo 96633 21305 ///// 99023 ///// 209//
G Yogyakarta 96853 11310 ///// 030// ///// //9//
H Borobudur 11110 ///// 04527 ///// 219//
I Wadaslintang 41005 ///// 99524 ///// 199//
J Cilacap 96805 0//// ///// 11131 ///// 259//

Draw the synoptic symbol on the map given in the next page. Give the synoptic symbols only for those
stations which have the index numbers.

Explanation of the code:
IIiii = Five digit of Country code

Nddff = Cloud Cover in octas, wind direction (x10 degree), wind speed (knots)
1 knots ~ 0.5 m/sec

VVwwW = Visibility, current weather, past weather

PPPTT = Air Pressure, Surface Temperature (degree Celsius)

NhCLCMCH = Cloud Height from the ground

TdTd9RR = Dew point, No significant number, Rainfall

3. Tables 1 and 2 below provide on wind observations (wind direction and wind velocity) for Lapangan
Pancasila observation station. Using these data, calculate the frequency distribution and draw on rose
diagram for the site using 5 knots (1 knots ~ 0.5 m/sec) velocity intervals (40 points).

Table 2 Table 1

DEGREE DIRECTION
337.6 22.5 N
22.6 67.5 NE
67.6 112.5 E
112.6 157.5 SE
157.6 202.5 S
202.6 247.5 SW
247.6 292.5 W
292.6 337.5 NW
direction velocity
(degree) (knots)
1 250 13
2 200 8
3 - 0
4 290 2
5 249 18
6 123 9
7 284 7
8 266 3
9 135 13
10 - 0
11 - 0
12 - 0
13 271 14
14 137 12
15 141 9
16 189 3
17 277 7
18 253 4
19 289 3
20 255 17
21 283 9
22 154 8
23 193 7
24 - 0
25 263 12
26 259 2
27 - 0
28 275 1
29 120 13
30 280 19
no.
Frequency count
Directions / Wind Classes
(knots)
1 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 Total
1 337.6 - 22.5
2 22.6 67.5
3 67.6 112.5
4 112.6 157.5
5 157.6 202.5
6 202.6 247.5
7 247.6 292.5
8 292.6 337.5
Sub-Total
Calms
Total

Frequency distribution in percents (%)
Directions / Wind Classes
(knots)
1 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 Total
1 337.6 - 22.5
2 22.6 67.5
3 67.6 112.5
4 112.6 157.5
5 157.6 202.5
6 202.6 247.5
7 247.6 292.5
8 292.6 337.5
Sub-Total
Calms
Total

GEOLOGY
PRACTICAL
1

PRACTICAL TEST FOR IESO 2010
DLINGO AREA, BANTUL REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Wednesday, September 22, 2010

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Please write your name and nationality in English on the cover pages
2. The total time allocated for this practical test is about 45 minutes for every
student.
3. Please write your answer legibly. Illegible answers will be counted as incorrect.
4. Please write your answers only on this practical test sheet. Please encircle the
most appropriate answer.
5. Read the entire question carefully before answering.
6. Please handover the competed practical test sheet to member of the organizing
committee at the location.
2

PRACTICAL TEST FOR IESO 2010
DLINGO AREA, BANTUL REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

PROBLEM SETS
Location 1 (4 minutes): 8 points
1. Using the hand lens provided to you observe the igneous rock within the marked area and
identify two main minerals in the rock.
a. Plagioclase and pyroxene
b. Plagioclase and biotite
c. Quartz and pyroxene
d. Quartz and hornblende
e. Hornblende and pyroxene

2. Observe the petrological characteristics and identify the igneous rock
a. Andesite
b. Rhyolite
c. Granite
d. Diorite
e. Gabbro

3. By observing the whole part of the outcrop in this area identify the igneous rock body
a. A fragment in conglomerate
b. An exotic block in meta-breccia
c. A part of groundmass of the igneous rock
d. An inclusion in the volcanic rock
e. A fragment in volcanic breccia

3


4. Please observe the rock components at this Location. Identify at least two types of
included rock fragments:
a. Basalt and dolomite
b. Andesite and tuff
c. Andesite and limestone
d. Basalt and quartzite
e. Basalt and shale

5. Please carefully observe by naked-eye and/or using the hand lens identify the rock
fragment (shown by arrow).
a. Quartzite
b. Tuff
c. Coral
d. White marl
e. Phyllite

6. By observing the entire outcrop identify the rock type
a. Volcanic breccia
b. Brecciated andesite
c. Conglomerate
d. Fault breccia
e. Fanglomerate
4

7. Identify the geological structure at this Location by careful observation.
a. Normal fault
b. Dextral strike-slip fault
c. Sheared joint
d. Thrust fault
e. Oblique fault

8. By using your compass, please measure the direction of dip of the plane of the geological
structure identified in Question 7.
a. Northeast
b. Southwest
c. Southeast
d. Northwest
e. West

9. The strike/dip angle of the bedding plane is about (Note: acceptable error is 5)
a. N 15 E/45
b. N 50 W/45
c. N 75 E/15
d. N 60 W/45
e. N 45 E/15

5

10. Sedimentary structures identified in the rock marked by arrows A, B, and C.
a. A = Scouring B = ripple mark C = lenticular bedding
b. A = Cast B = lamination C = Cross bedding
c. A = Convolute bedding B = lamination C = flame structure
d. A = Flame structure B = lenticular bedding C = burrow
e. A = Ripple mark B = lenticular bedding C = convolute bedding
6

11. Please observe the sedimentary structure present in the marked area and its vicinity, and
identify it.
a. Ripple mark
b. Cross bedding
c. Flame structure
d. Convolute bedding
e. Slump structure
7

12. The rock at this Location is predominantly composed of the following rock fragments
a. Andesite and dacite
b. Dacite and granite
c. Basalt and syenite
d. Diorite and gabbro
e. Rhyolite and basalt

13. Please identify the rock type at this Location.
a. Intrusive breccia
b. Fault breccia
c. Volcanic breccia
d. Agglomerate
e. Brecciated igneous rock

8

14. Three types of rock fragment identified in the rock at this location are
a. Marl, tuff and lignite
b. Tuff, claystone and charcoal
c. Limestone, tuff and coal
d. Tuff, lapilli and lignite
e. Tuff, chalk and charcoal
9

15. Two main rock fragment types observed in the rock at this Location include
a. Tuff and lignite
b. Tuff and charcoal
c. Chalk and coal
d. Tuff and peat
e. Limestone and charcoal

16. Please observe the marked area on the outcrop and identify the rock type.
a. Agglomerate
b. Volcanic siltstone
c. Tuff-enriched siltstone
d. Coarse-grained sandstone
e. Pumice breccia

17. On the basis of the orientation measurement of rock fragments, the paleocurrent direction
in the formation of this sedimentary rock was
a. Westward
b. Northward
c. Southeastward
d. Southwestward
e. Northeastward

GEOSPHERE
PRACTICAL
LABORATORY TEST FOR IESO 2010

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Please write your name and nationality in English on the cover pages
2. This laboratory test is conducted with an objective to test the skill of
identifying specimens consisting of 5 minerals, 5 igneous rocks, 5
sedimentary rocks, 5 metamorphic rocks and 5 volcanic rocks as well as 10
fossils, 5 geological structures, and 6 geomorphological features.
3. The time allocated for identifying each specimen is 2 minutes.
4. Please write your answer legibly. Illegible answers will be counted as
incorrect.
5. Please write your answers only on this laboratory test sheet, by
choosing/matching the correct answer provided in the Choices column of
the Answer sheet.

ANSWER SHEET
A. Minerals 5 points
No. Sample
Code
Name of Mineral Choices
1 I A. Gypsum
2 II B. Apatite
3 III C. Biotite
4 IV D. Garnet
5 V E. Muscovite
F. Sulfur
G. Quartz
H. Phlogopite
I. Plagioclase
J. Anhydrite
K. Orthoclase
L. Hornblende
M. Pyroxene
N. Olivine
O. Calcite

ANSWER SHEET
B. Rocks 40 points
No. Sample
Code
Name of Rock Choices
1 1 A. Andesite Breccia
2 2 B. Gneiss
3 3 C. Volcanic Breccia
4 4 D. Rhyolite
5 5 E. Red Slate
6 6 F. Quartz Conglomerate
7 7 G. Crystalline
Limestone
8 8 H. Mica Schist
9 9 I. Agglomerate
10 10 J. Sandstone
11 11 K. Pumice
12 12 L. Obsidian
13 13 M. Tuff
14 14
N. Pumice Breccia/Ignimbrite
15 15 O. White Marble
16 16 P. Phyllite
17 17 Q. Biotite Granite
18 18 R. Diorite
19 19 S. Pegmatite
20 20 T. Quartzite
U. Syenite
V. Basalt
W. Andesite
X. Granodiorite
Y. Peridotite
Z. Lapili
AA. Chalky Limestone
BB. Monzonite
CC. Olivine Gabbro
DD. Eclogite
EE. Migmatite
FF. Claystone

ANSWER SHEET
C. Fossils 16 points
No. Sample
Code
Name of Fossil Choices
1 A A. Balanus
2 B B. Pelecypoda
3 C C. Turitella
4 D D. Ammonite
5 F E. Heliophyllum
6 H F. Brachiopoda
7 I G. Arachnida
8 J H. Echinodermata
I. Busycon
J. Murex
K. Zaphrentis
L. Nautilus
M. Coral
N. Scaphopoda
O. Acropora
P. Trilobita
Q. Ostracoda

ANSWER SHEET
D. Geological Structures 10 points
No. Sample
Code
Type of Structure Choices
1 SG 01 A. Normal Fault
2 SG 02 B. Thrust Fault
3 SG 03 C. Oblique Fault
4 SG 04 D. Dextral strike-slip
fault
5 SG 06 E. Sinistral strike-slip
fault
F. Unconformity

G. Nonconformity

H. Plunging Anticline
I. Fold
J. Joint

ANSWER SHEET
E. Geomorphology 6 points
No. Sample
Code
Name of Geomorphologic
Unit
Choices
1 A A. Incised River
2 B B. Eroded Dome
3 C C. Estuary
4 D D. Karst Topography
5 E E. Alluvial Fan
6 F F. Cuesta
G. Barrier Islands
H. Meandering River
I. Delta
J. Eroded Anticline
K. Spit
L. Eroded volcano

IESO 2011
(THEORY)

ASTRONOMY
(THEORY)
ASTRONOMY written test IESO 2011
Name__________________ Country ___________________________
1. Imagine that a new planet, named Pippo, is discovered beyond Pluto. Its revolution period is 320
years. What would be its average distance from the un in !stronomical "nits #!"$, assuming
circular orbit% _/1 pt.
a. 23.& !"
b. 30.' !"
c. &(.) !"
d. *3.( !"
2. ! person weights '0 +g on ,arth, if he goes to the surface of the -oon and .upiter, he weights/
_/1 pt.
a. more on the -oon and .upiter than on ,arth
b. more on .upiter and less on the -oon than on ,arth
c. more on the -oon and less on .upiter than on ,arth
d. less on the -oon and .upiter than on ,arth
3. 0iven your passion for !stronomy, your friends have given you a sidereal watch as a present for
your birthday. !t 10 a.m. you ad1ust it with the time of your cloc+. 2ollowing the time given by the
sidereal watch, when arriving at the railway station ne3t day to catch the ).00 a.m. train, you find
that the train is not there. What do you do% _/1. pt.
a. I wait for the train because it will be there in few minutes
b. I go home because the train has already left few minutes before my arrival
c. I wait for the train because it will be there in some hours
d. I guess the train has been cancelled today.
&. In a science fiction movie, the main character decides to loo+ for his friends4 spaceship, lost on
-ars surface, using an optical telescope placed on the ,arth. 5he resolution of the telescope is 1
arcsec and -ars is at a distance of (0 million +m. What is the minimum si6e of the spacecraft to
allow him to see it% _/1! pt.
a. 2.*0 m
b. 2*0.* +m
c. 2*0.* m
d. 2.*0 +m
7. 8oo+ing at the given stellar map, can you estimate the position of the un as seen from irius,
using the same map% _/ 2 pt.
a. yes, the un is diametrically opposed to irius in the constellation of 9ercules
b. no, the un is not visible from irius
1
c. yes, the un is diametrically opposed to irius in the constellation of "rsa -inor
d. yes, the un is diametrically opposed to irius in the constellation of the :ctans
(. !ssume the diameter of the -oon to be 20; smaller than the reality, what should the average
distance between the ,arth and the -oon be, in order to still have total solar eclipses on the ,arth%
_/1. pt.
a. 20; bigger than the reality
b. )0; smaller than the reality
c. 20; smaller than the reality
d. )0; bigger than the reality
'. 5he following illustration shows the 9ert6sprung<=ussell #9>=$ diagram for an evolutionary
trac+ of our un. 5he un currently locates at position !, but it will to move to position ? after 7
billion years. #!ssume the un is a blac+body and its current radius is '310
7
+m. 1!"@1.7310
)
+m.$
#i$ When the un evolves to ?, what is its radius% Aalculate it by using the information of the
diagram. _/1. pt.
a$ 100 times larger
b$ 7'.) times larger
c$ 12(.& times larger
d$ 17'.3 times larger
#ii$ Write your process of calculation. _/1. pt.
). 5he synodic period of a certain asteroid is )B' years. !ssume the ,arth revolution speed is 30
+mBs. !nswer with the rounded>off figure below decimal point. In the assumption of circular orbit,
find/
#i$ the period of the revolution of the asteroid #year$ _/1 pt.
#ii$ the radius of the revolution orbit #!"$ _/1 pt.
2
#iii$ the speed of the asteroid #+mBs$ _/1 pt.
TOTA" SCORE# 1$.
3

ATMOSPHERE
(THEORY)
ATMOSPHERE written test IESO 2011
Name__________________________ Country ________________________
1) The diagram bellow showed the average structures of the atmosphere based on its properties i.e.
temperature, molekular bond and electrical. Match the letter in the boxes with right option from the
list given bellow.
1. Homosphere 2. Heterosphere 3. onosphere !. "xosphere
#. Troposphere $. %tratosphere &. Thermosphere '. Mesosphere
. _/2 0!2" # $)
2) (onsider the following figure where are reported the surface energ) balance terms for different
surface and da)*night conditions. _/% &t'
+, - net radiation
." - latent heat flux
H - sensible heat flux
/ - soil heat flux
(hoose the correct surface description for each case0
11
a1 moist surface2da)
b1 moist surface2night
c1 dr) surface2da)
d1 dr) surface2night
21
c1 dr) surface2da)
d1 dr) surface 3night
31
c1 dr) surface 3night
d1 dr) surface2da)
%) 4hich two gases are responsible for the absorption of ver) shortwave 5e.g., ultraviolet1 incoming
solar radiation6 _/1 0!" # 2)
11 molecular ox)gen
21 o7one
31 carbon dioxide
!1 water vapour
#1 nitrogen
() 8oin with lines the surface t)pes with the corresponding surface albedo _/1' 0'2" # ()
9resh snow :21: ;
%oil 2223# ;
4ater ':2<:;
(rops 1'223 ;
") The following images represent different kinds of clouds.
8oin with lines the images 5from = to >1 with the cloud t)pe classification0 _/1 &t' 0!2" # ()
= %T?=T@%
A (@M@.@%
( (@M@.BCMA@%
> (??@%
)) 4hat is the frictional effect on the geostrophic wind6 _/1 &t'
=1 n the northern hemisphere the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of
high pressure
A1 n both hemispheres the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of low
pressure
C) n the southern hemisphere the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of
high pressure
>1 n both hemispheres the effect of the friction is to deflect the wind in direction of high
pressure
*) =n aircraft departs from = 5airfield elevation 1&::ft1 with +9" <$: hDa set. The altimeter is not
reset. 4hen landing at A 5airfield elevation 2&::ft1, the +CH is 1::# hDa. 4hat will the altimeter
read6 _/% &t
=ssume that 1hDa is eEuivalent to 2&ft and remember that
+CH - atmospheric pressure at sea level
and
+9" - atmospheric pressure at field elevation
=1 1&:: ft
A1 1::: ft
C) 1!'# ft
>1 2&:: ft
$) 4ith a classical warm front there are0 _/1 &t'
=1 high cloud with no precipitation
A1 cumulus and cumulonimbus
(1 no significant cloud
>1 high cloud, middle cloud, mostl) stratiform cloud, and light*moderate rainfall
+) =ccording to the three cell general circulation model, in which direction do winds blow in the
upper troposphere in the tropics in the northern hemisphere6 _/1 &t'
=1 9rom %4
A1 9rom %
(1 9rom 4
>1 9rom %"
10) The increasing of the "arthFs rotation velocit) could most likel) lead to _/1 &t'
=1 decreasing number of circulation cells
A1 increasing number of circulation cells
(1 no change in the number of circulation cells
11) /raph 1 describes data of atmospheric (B
2
concentration measurements from Mauna .oa,
Hawaii.
4hich of the following "arth s)stems and processes are responsible for the increase in (B
2
concentration in the atmosphere during the period described in the graph6 _/1 &t'
a. (B
2
from the geosphere to the atmosphere b) volcanic activit).
b. (B
2
from the geosphere to the h)drosphere and the atmosphere b) erosion.
c. (B
2
from the biosphere to the atmosphere and h)drosphere b) respiration.
d. (B
2
from the h)drosphere to the atmosphere b) diffusion.
e. (B
2
from the geosphere and the biosphere to the atmosphere b) anthropogenic
activit).
f. (B
2
from the geosphere and the h)drosphere to the atmosphere as a result of global
warming.
9rom0 "arth s)stem research laborator) 5http0**www.esrl.noaa.gov1
12) /raph 2 describes the annual changes of atmospheric (B
2
concentration.
The data shown indicates a minimal concentration in Bctober and maximal in 8une.
The reason for that change is0 _/1 &t'
a. ncreased (B
2
flux from the geosphere to the atmosphere as a result of change in fossil
fuel consumption between summer and winter.
b. (B
2
flux between the atmosphere and the h)drosphere as a result of temperature
differences.
c. (B
2
flux between the atmosphere and the h)drosphere as a result of wind speed and
direction.
,ra&- 1.
d. (B
2
flux between the atmosphere and the biosphere as a result of changes in
photos)nthesis activit).
e. (B
2
flux between the atmosphere and the biosphere as a result of forest fires.
f. (hanges in (B
2
flux between the geosphere and the atmosphere as a result of changes in
sedimentation rates.
9rom0 "arth
s)stem research laborator) 5http0**www.esrl.noaa.gov1
1%) Man) scientists conclude that the increase in atmospheric (B
2
concentration is a maGor factor in
global warming. The results of continous monitoring of atmospheric (B
2
concentration indicates
that some (B
2
from the atmosphere is absorbd b) the oceans. 4hat would happen if (B
2
in the
atmosphere increases6 5Mark all correct answers1 _/% &t' 0!%0 # 10)
Hy/ros&-ere.
a. The pH of ocean water will become higher * lower
b. The temperature of ocean water will increase * decrease
c. The amount of sea2ice in the =rctic will increase * decrease
d. Bcean capacit) to absorb (B
2
will increase * decrease
0ios&-ere
e. The amount of organisms with carbonate skeleton will increase * decrease
f. The distribution of marine organisms will change as result of the changes in water
temperature. True * false.
g. The change in water pH will expand * reduce coral reefs
,eos&-ere
,ra&- 2.
MONTH
h. The changes in ocean temperature will affect volcanic activit) in ocean ridges. . True * false.
i. The changes in ocean water pH will increase * decrease the rate of (a(B
3
sedimentation in
the continental shelf.
G. The changes in ocean water pH will increase * decrease the rate of (a(B
3
sedimentation
below the (alcium (arbonate (ompensation >epth 5((>1. True*false
TOT' PT' 1 20

HYDROSPHERE
(THEORY)
HYDROSPHERE written test IESO 2011
Name______________________ Country________________________
1. Tides in te Eart system.
The Figure illustrates two (labelled A and B) different configurations of the Earth-moon-sun system.
Which of the three statements below is correct? _!1 "t
a. onfiguration A re!resents a s!ring tide" while configuration B re!resents a nea! tide
b. The two configurations re!resent a s!ring tide
c. onfiguration B re!resents a s!ring tide" while configuration A re!resents a nea! tide
d. The two configurations re!resent a nea! tide
1
2. Water Masses in the Atlantic Ocean
i) Match the corresponding water masses listed below by letter (a-e) to the correct
location in the map. Each water mass category applies only to a single color
(grey excluded since it indicates the bottom topography) _/1 pt (0.20x5)
a. North Atlantic Deep ater (NAD)
b. Antartic !ntermediate ater (AA!)
c. Mediterranean ater (Med)
d. "ur#ace ater (")
e. Antartic $ottom ater (AA$)
ii) %ceanographers were able to collect two water samples as reported in the table
below. !ndicate in the two circles in the #igure which is "tation A and which is
"tation $. _/0.5 pt
#tation Tem!erature () #alinity
A -$ %&.'
B ( %).&
&
#. C$imate %eed&a'(s in te Eart system
1. *ut the correct arrow heads to com!lete the albedo feedbac+ loo! s+etched in the figure abo,e
_!0)*"t.
&. The feedbac+ is _!0)* "t.
a. Always !ositi,e
b. Always negati,e
c. -eutral
d. #ome times !ositi,e and some times negati,e
'
+. Te ,$o&a$ 'ar&on 'y'$e.
This is a schematic !icture of the global carbon cycle with some estimates of the ma.or carbon ()
reser,oirs and flu/es from 0* ($112).
1. What are the units of the ,alues on the gra!h? ( is the symbol for carbon) _!1 "t.
a. +g m
-%
b. *g
c. mol
d. 3t
e. answers b. and d. are true
f. answers b. and c. are true
&. 0ndicate the estimated direction(s) of the flu/ by circling the correct arrow head. _!1)* "t. -0)2* . /0
'. 4abel the flu/es in the four blan+ bo/es by writing the corres!onding letter from the list below5
_!1 "t. -0)2* . +0
a. ocean !um!
b. terrestrial net !roduction
c. anthro!ogenic emissions
d. soil res!iration
e. land-use change
f. weathering
(. The !resent atmos!here contains about 211 1 in the form of 6
$
. Estimated fossil fuel reser,es
contain at least &$11 1 " mostly in the form of coal. At !resent" about half the 6
$
!roduced by
the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmos!here. 0f this ratio remained constant and we burned
u! all of our fossil fuels instantaneously" by how much would atmos!heric 6
$
rise in the longer
term? (E/!ress the answer in terms of the new 6
$
stoc+ di,ided by the current one) _!1.* "t.
(
2uestion *
The gra!h re!resents the mean daily discharges" e/!ressed in m
%
7s" of a s!ring in the entral A!ennines
registered between 8arch $9 and A!ril :2. The table shows the data used to build the gra!h. om!ute in the
most accurate way the water ,olume coming from the s!ring between A!ril :$ and A!ril :2. _!2 "t.
;ate
dd-mm ;ischarge (m
%
7s)
$9-1% 1.:11
%1-1% 1.:%)
%:-1% 1.:(1
1:-1& 1.$1)
1$-1& 1.:(1
1%-1& 1.:21
1&-1& 1.:'$
1)-1& 1.:)2
1'-1& 1.:&)
12-1& 1.:%1
1(-1& 1.:$(
19-1& 1.:%9
:1-1& 1.:$1
::-1& 1.::)
:$-1& 1.::$
:%-1& 1.:11
:&-1& 1.19)
:)-1& 1.191
:'-1& 1.1('
:2-1& 1.1(:
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GEOSPHERE
(THEORY)
Geosphere Test with answers
IESO 2011
GEOSPHERE written test IESO 2011
Name__________________________
Country ________________________
1. Based on Ruddiman (2001), the gloal temperature !lu"tuation "an e
distinguished into !our di!!erent time s"ales due to di!!erent me"hanisms# $se the
!ollowing !igures pro%ided# &hi"h !igure est shows the !lu"tuation o! temperature in
'ntar"ti"a i"e "ore re"ords during more than one intergla"ial phase#( _/1 pt
(') )ig# A (! "i#$ (*) )ig# * (+) )ig# +
2. Sea!loor drilling and seismi" anal,sis re%eal a thi"- la,er o! salt at a "ertain depth
in a %er, large part o! the .editerranean Sea# &hat "an ,ou "on"lude !rom these
oser%ations( _/0$% pt
1
a) The .editerranean Sea has an important e"onomi" %alue that has not een
e/ploited ,et#
&! '(ere was a perio) w(en t(e *e)iterranean Sea a+most )rie)
out$
") The .editerranean Sea is %er, ,oung#
d) The .editerranean Sea is a reli" o! the Teth,s Sea#
3. In the !ield, ,ou !ound an out"rop with three hori0ontal unde!ormed la,ers, one
ao%e the other# The lower unit is a la,er o! +olomite, the middle la,er is asalt, and
the upper la,er is 1imestone # &hi"h o! the !ollowing oser%ations would lead ,ou to
the "on"lusion that the asalt is a la%a !low( _/1 pt
a) There are 2a-ing signs3 onl, in the lower part o! the limestone la,er#
) There are 2a-ing signs3 in the lower part o! the dolomite la,er#
,! '(ere are -&a.in# si#ns/ on+y in t(e upper part o0 t(e )o+omite
+ayer$
d) 'll o! the ao%e#
4. To whi"h ","le o! matter is 1imestone "onne"ted( _/01% pt
a) 4hosphorus ","le
) Car&on ,y,+e
") Sul!ur ","le
d) 5itrogen ","le
5. The reason that the magneti" anomal, stripes o! the same age are wider in the
4a"i!i" o"ean than the 'tlanti" O"ean is6 _/01% pt
a! '(e rate o0 ma#mati, intrusions at t(e East Pa,i0i, Rise is 0aster
t(an t(e rate o0 t(is pro,ess at t(e *i)2At+anti, Ri)#e$
&! The .id7'tlanti" Ridge is lo"ated e/a"tl, in the middle o! the o"ean and there!ore
the rate o! the opening o! the ridge is e8ual on oth sides#
,! The 4a"i!i" O"ean is older than the 'tlanti" O"ean#
)! The ring o! !ire around the 4a"i!i" O"ean redu"es the rate o! re%ersals o! the
Earth9s magneti" !ield#
6. +uring the last three illion ,ears the main internal energ, sour"e o! the Earth
has een6 _/01% pt
a) The pressure o! "olumns o! ro"- and o"ean#
) The !ri"tion that o""urs at the plate oundaries#
2
IESO 2011
") Ra)ioa,ti3e )e,ay o0 isotopes$
d) The radiation o! the sun#
7. In the Botta""ione Gorge, near Guio (Ital,), there is an out"rop o! interest# It
"ontains a thin "la, la,er with signi!i"ant geo"hemi"al anomalies su"h as high iridium
"on"entrations# It is dated to an numeri"al age o! :;#; .a# &hi"h "hronostratigraphi"
oundar, "orresponds to this la,er( _/1 pt$
a! Creta,eous/'ertiary
&! 1ower *reta"eous<$pper*reta"eous
,! 4aleo"ene<Eo"ene
)! *amrian<4re7*amrian
8. $se the two graphi"s elow# On the le!t is a geologi" map o! a region where north is to
the top o! the map# On the right is a topographi" se"tion along line a to # *ontours are
in meters# ' stru"ture is shown in gre,#
=
&hi"h o! the !ollowing is the true stri-e, dip and thi"-ness o! gre, strata !rom the map(
4lease note that there are two methods used to show stri-e6 8uadrant method designated
, (>) and a0imuth or magneti" earing method designated , (')# The "hart shows
them oth as > and '# 2 pt $
choice Strike Dip
(degrees
)
Thickne
ss (m.)
A Q N-S
A 180 degrees
45 70 to 75
B Q S 60 degrees E
A 120 degrees
45 90 to 100
C Q E - W
A 90 degrees
30 70 to 75
D Q N-S
A 180 degrees
30 90 to 100
?
IESO 2011
9. &hi"h one o! the !ollowing minerals is used as a gem in @ewelr,, is used as an
industrial arasi%e, is a sili"ate, and has an isometri" mineral s,mmetr,# *ir"le the est
answer ao%e#_/01% pt$
a# 8uart0 # iotite "# Aornlende d# rutile e# garnet
!# ortho"lase g# "al"ite h# halite i# er,l @# diamond
-# asalt l# garo m# andesite n# granite o# rh,olite
p# shale 8# marle r# slate s# "hal- t# "hert
10. The !ollowing stratigraphi" se"tions show two "ross se"tions whi"h are lo"ated near
ea"h other# S,mols a and a9 represent an igneous ro"- and to e represent
sedimentar, ro"-s# 'nswer the !ollowing 8uestion# _/01% pt
&hi"h ro"- is older, a or a9( BBBBBBB
11. The pre"ipitation o! whi"h o! the !ollowing minerals is regulated , the "on"entration
o! *O
2
in the solution( _/01% pt$
;
a) haliteC ) g,psumC ") apatiteC )! ,a+,ite4 e) opalC !) ar,tes#
12. The !ollowing tale shows e/planation o! ro"-s and their !ormation en%ironment#
*hoose the one that has the "orre"t relationship etween !ormation en%ironment and ro"-
t,pe# _/1 pt
Ro"-
name
.a"ros"opi" oser%ation )ormation en%ironment
1 1imeston
e
Sand si0e grains, spheri"al to
ellipti"al grain shape, edded
In the "rust se%eral -m elow the
sur!a"e
2 Granite )ine grained, !oliated,
o""urren"e o! light and dar-
grains together
In the "rust where magma "ools
slowl,
= Basalt *oarse to %er, "oarse grained,
dar- "olor, o""urren"e o!
%esi"les
.id7o"eani" ridge
5 San)st
one
*e)ium #raine)1 para++e+
+aminae or ,ross &e))e)
Ri3er or &ea,(
; Gneiss 'lternating dar- and light ands,
!oliated, "oarse grained
*onta"t 0one etween magma
and surrounding ro"-s near
sur!a"e
*orre"t answer6 BBBBBBBBB
13. The !ollowing pi"ture shows an out"rop o! 4aleo0oi" age deposited in the o"ean# The
strata largel, "onsist o! sand and shale la,ers# 'nswer the 8uestions# _/11% pt (01% 6 7!
(1) &hi"h la,er is sandstone and shale respe"ti%el, in ' and B(
Shale6 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSandstone6 BBBBBBBBBBB
(2) &hat is the depositional pro"ess o! la,er ' and B(
BBBBBB is deposited , settling !rom suspension whereas BBBBBB is deposited ,
turidit, "urrent#
(=) *an ,ou e/pe"t to !ind triloite !ossil !rom this out"rop( Des<no 'nswers6BBBBB
:
IESO 2011
E
14. The !igure elow is the stratigraphi" se"tion and paleomagneti" in"lination in some
area assuming the ro"-s were deposited !rom 1F0 million ,ears to the present without
de!ormation# The paleomagneti" in"lination o! ro"- in ea"h la,er is shown within a "ir"le#
The arrows indi"ate the dire"tion o! paleo7magneti0ation at the time o! ro"- !ormation#
*al"ulate the a%erage (south to north) %elo"it, o! the "ontinent as it mo%ed !rom position
B to position E# Aere, we assume that the latitude di!!eren"e o! one degree (1G) is e8ual to
110 -m, and we suppose that paleomagneti" in"lination is e8ual to twi"e the paleo7
latitude# _/1 pt
') 2#= "m<,r
B) ?#? "m<,r
*) F#F "m<,r
+) H#E "m<,r
F
IESO 2011
15. The !igure elow shows the soil te/ture o! samples !rom !i%e !arms (AIE)# The soil
o! whi"h !arm has the highest permeailit,( _/1 pt$
(') )arm A (B) )arm
(*) )arm C (+) )arm 8
(E) )arm
E
H
16. &hi"h t,pe o! !ault is shown in the geologi"al map elow( _/01% pt$
a$ norma+
# in%erse
"# %erti"al
d# otuse
10
IESO 2011
17a. E/amine the map ao%e# &hi"h o! the "hoi"es est des"ries the t,pe o! te"toni"
stru"tures shown# _/1 pt$
a! two anti,+ines wit( an inter3enin# syn,+ine
) two s,n"lines with an inter%ening anti"line
") a salt dome
d) !lat stratigraph,
17b. Re"onstru"t the stratigraph, o! the region shown ao%e "hoosing among the
!ollowing stratigraphi" "olumns# _/01% pt$
11
12
IESO 2011
18. Tra"e !ossils are the remnants o! the a"ti%ities o! an"ient animals# '""ording to
the patterns o! tra"e !ossils, geologists "an in!er the sustrate "ondition,
sedimentation rate, water !low energ,, and paleoen%ironment# )igure H is a tra"e
!ossil !ound in sandstone showing how an organism utili0ed the limited resour"e
with high e!!i"ien",# &hat is the most li-el, en%ironment to !ind this -ind o! tra"e
!ossil( _/1 pt$
(')inter tidal !lat (B) ri%ers or la-es (*) mountains (8! )eep marine
1=
Ha# Tra"e !ossil on sandstone# S"ale ar is 1 "m H# *lose up %iew o! )ig# Ha# Ea"h di%ide on the
s"ale ar on the ottom is 1 mm#
)ig# H
19. ' student used a portale Gloal 4ositioning S,stem (G4S) to re"ord the "oordinates
o! his positions# The signal and the re"ei%ing "onditions were good during the
measurement# '!ter the student entering the "oordinates he got into GoogleEarth, he
noti"ed that the position drawn in GoogleEarth (G4S data) shi!ted hundred o! meters
awa, !rom the true lo"ation (True 1o")# Aowe%er, the relati%e positions among di!!erent
lo"ations measured in the same da, were "orre"t# &hi"h o! the !ollowing !a"tors is the
most li-el, "ause o! this prolem( _/01% pt$
(') in!luen"e , the ionosphere
(B) mal!un"tion o! the G4S
(*) sheltered !rom the uildings
(8! )i00erent ,oor)inate systems

1?
IESO 2011
20. The a, mammoth !ossil shown elow was !ound in Sieria in 1HEE# The
!ossili0ation pro"ess it underwent is -nown as6 _/01% pt$
a) "aroni!i"ation
&! ,ryo2,onser3ation
") in"lusion in amer
d) perminerali0ation
e) p,riti0ation
!) sili"i!i"ation
1;
21. This !ossil shown ao%e is6 _/01% pt$
a) shar- ("hondr,"th,an)
) a on, !ish (ostei"hth,an)
") an amphiian (salamander)
)! a repti+e (i,(t(yosaur!
e) a ird (penguin)
!) a mammal ("eta"ean)
22. .at"h all o! the ro"- !eatures<sedimentar, stru"tures on the le!t with all possile
depositional en%ironment !ound on the right#
_/11% pt$ (012% 6 9!
Ro,. 0eature/Se)imentary stru,ture 8epositiona+
en3ironment
1 BBB"oal and siltstone with plant remains a# shallow ephemeral la-e
2 BBBstromatolites and intra"lasti" limestone # 8uiet marine deep water
= BBBlaminated e%aporites "# delta swamp
? BBBmud "ra"-s d# peri7gla"ial la-e
; BBB%ar%es e# lagoon in arid "limate
: BBBthin7edded shales !# "aronate tidal !lat
23. *onsider seismi" wa%es whi"h propagate at ?#; -m<s in the Earth "rust#
a) &hat are the wa%elengths asso"iated to periods o! TJ0#1s, 1s and 100 s( _/01% pt$
(a) 2;0m, 2#; -m and 2;0 -m#
(&! 5%0m1 5$% .m an) 5%0 .m$
(") 1;0m, ?#; -m and ;00 m#
(d) E;0m, E#; -m and E;0 -m#
1:
IESO 2011
) &hat are the periods and the !re8uen"ies asso"iated to wa%elengths o! 1m, 1-m,
100-m ( _/ 1 pt$ (01% 6 2!
periods6
(e) 0#00??? s, ?#? s and ???#? s#
(!) 0#000=? s, 0#22 s and 2?#: s#
(g) 0#0000: s, 0#0: s and :0#0 s#
((! 0$00022 s1 0$22 s an) 22$2 s$
!re8uen"ies6
(i! 5%00 H:1 5$% H: an) 0$05% H:$
(@) =? A0, 2? A0 and ?? A0#
(-) 1200 A0, 1#2 A0 and 0#012 A0#
(l) 22 A0, 2#2 A0 and 220 A0#
1E
24. The !igure ao%e shows the oser%ed seismogram at some earth8ua-e oser%ator,#
Aere, the %elo"it, o! 4 wa%e (Kp) and S wa%e (Ks) is E-m<se" and ?-m<s, respe"ti%el,#
_/11% pt (01% 6 7!
(a) Aow !ar the oser%ator, is lo"ated !rom epi"enter(
() &hat time the earth8ua-e o""urred(
(") &hat time the !irst S wa%e arri%e at the pla"e ?000 -m !ar !rom epi"enter(
a!
(__! 71%0 .m
(__! 7;20 .m
(__! 5150 .m
&!
(__! 2 (< %1 min< 50 se,4
(__! 2 (< 50 min< 77 se,4
(__! 7 (< 07 min< 22 se,$
,!
(__! 2 (< %% min< 20 se,4
(__! 7 (< 22 min< 1% se,4
(__! 7 (< 0= min< 20 se,$
25. Kol"ani" eruption in a mid o"ean ridge leads to matter and energ, trans!ormation
etween the !ollowing earth s,stems ("hoose the most "omplete option)6 _/1 pt
a# )rom geosphere to atmosphere#
# )rom h,drosphere to geosphere#
,$ "rom #eosp(ere to (y)rosp(ere an) t(en to &iosp(ere$
d# Onl, !rom geosphere to h,drosphere#
1F
IESO 2011
26. Indi"ate the t,pe o! magma "hara"teristi"all, erupted at the !ollowing plate
te"toni"s %ol"ani" en%ironments (the same magma t,pe "an o""ur in more than one
en%ironment)# The "hoi"es are6 'ndesite, Basalt, Osidian, and Rh,olite
_/ 11% pt$ (01% 6 7!
L .idO"eani" ridge
L Island ar"
L &ithinplate M Aot spots
27. .ar- three o! the !ollowing phenomena that are pre"ursors o! impending %ol"ani"
eruptions# _/ 01% pt$
a# 1andslides
&$ Anoma+ous seismi,ity
"# Aea%, rains
)$ In,rease o0 temperature an) ,(emi,a+ ,(an#es in 0umaro+i, #ases
e# Strong winds
0$ Groun) up+i0t
1H
28. 1oo-ing "losel, at the !igure representing the erupti%e eha%ior o! magmas
depending on their "hemi"al "omposition and their dissol%ed gas "ontent# 01% pt$
a Basi" and de7gassed magma
Basi" magma ri"h in glass
" '"id magma ri"h in glass
d '"id and de7gassed magma
"i#ure A s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______
"i#ure s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______
"i#ure C s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______
"i#ure 8 s(ows erupti3e &e(a3ior 0rom w(i,( type o0 ma#ma>_______
20
IESO 2011
29. .i"helangelo Buonarroti (1?E;71;:?) was one o! the greatest s"ulptors o! the
Renaissan"e# In this histori"al period, se%eral dis"o%eries and inno%ations in the !ield o!
art, s"ien"e, and te"hnolog, were made# .i"helangelo "ar%ed his statues !rom the
2*arrara marle3 a %er, !ine metamorphi" ro"- "hara"teri0ed , a uni!orm white "olor,
"oming !rom 8uarries near the town o! *arrara (Ital,)#
&hi"h two o! the !ollowing !eatures are NO' asso"iated with the !ormation o! a marle(
_/1 pt$
a) .arles are !ormed , re"r,stalli0ation o! !eldspars !ound in sandstones#
) .arles ha%e a hardness o! :7E on the .ohs s"ale o! mineral hardness#
,! *ar&+e is a metamorp(i, ro,. ,ompose) primari+y o0 ,a+,ium
,ar&onate (CaCO
7
!$
)! '(e ,o+or o0 mar&+e )epen)s on t(e presen,e o0 minera+ impurities
(su,( as ,+ay1 iron o6i)es et,!
e! *ar&+e is a ro,. resu+tin# 0rom metamorp(ism o0 se)imentary
,ar&onate ro,.s1 su,( as +imestone or )o+omite ro,.$
0! *ar&+e is a non20o+iate) metamorp(i, ro,. wit( a ,rysta++ine
stru,ture$
30. Aow is "alled this geologi"al phenomenon( _/0$% pt$
a) Kol"ani" "himne,
) meteor impa"t "rater
") ro"-!alls
d) sin-hole
21
22
IESO 2011
31. The north M south trending Gul! o! '8aa is lo"ated along the south part o! the +ead
Sea and the 'ra%a Ri!t %alle,# It is 1; -m wide and a"ti%e ri!t sin"e the earl, .io"ene#
The ri!t %alle, is the north part o! the S,rian7'!ri"an te"toni" s,stem#
;000 B4, = meters, ao%e sea le%el, ;000 ,ears old marine terra"es were !ound = meters
ao%e sea le%el along the east and the west margins o! the gul!# These terra"es are
"ontinuousl, mapped !or se%eral -ilometers with a "onstant ele%ation# These terra"es ma,
represent6 _/1 pt$
'# .ore warm "limate "omparing to the 1ate 4leisto"ene "limate
B# *older "limate "omparing to the re"ent "limate
*# Te"toni" upli!ting
+# Remnants to high tide e%ent
2=
32. Tsunami wa%es "an e generated , se%eral natural phenomena# One o! the most
!re8uent "ause are large sudu"tion 0one earth8ua-es, generated at the inter!a"e etween
two lithospheri" "on%erging plates where one o! the two sudu"es eneath the other#
*entral .editerranean te"toni"s is dominated , the slow relati%e "on%erging motion o!
the '!ri"an and European 4lates# Ital, sits on the "on%erging plate margin, and its
%ol"ani" and seismi" a"ti%it, are related to this !irst order phenomena# In the "entral
.editerranean area sudu"tion is "ontinuousl, going on under *alaria in Southern Ital,,
and to the east under the island o! *rete# Aere, large sudu"tion 0one earth8ua-es
o""urred in histori"al times, su"h as in the '#+# =:; . FN earth8ua-e, and generated
widespread de%astating tsunami wa%es that hit the "oasts o! 5orth '!ri"a, mainland
Gree"e and Southern Ital,#
Earth8ua-e generated tsunamis are produ"ed , the "oseismi" displa"ement o! the sea
ottom# The speed o! a tsunami is dire"tl, "orrelated to the depth o! the sea, i#e# it mo%es
!aster in deep waters and slow in shallower waters#
Earl, warning s,stems are !undamental !or mitigating the tsunami ha0ard along the
"oasts, and are ased on models o! tsunami generating and o! propagation#
Supposing that at 0:6=0 am $T* a large sudu"tion 0one earth8ua-e hits the south7
western "oast o! *rete, and -nowing6
1) the e8uation o! the speed o! the tsunami wa%es
K J
where g is the gra%itational "ostant (m<s2), and + is the depth o! the water
2) the a%erage depth o! the Oonian Sea along the three se"tions shown in the map6 Se"tion
', 2000 mC Se"tion B, 2;00 mC and Se"tion *, =000 m#
.easure on the map the distan"e o! the three sites !rom the earth8ua-e epi"enter and
"al"ulate the arri%al time ($T*) o! the wa%es at destination !illing in the tale# _/2 pt$
*ean
)ept(
(m!
12*ean
spee)
(m/s!
22*ean
spee)
(.m/(!
72
8istan,
e (.m!
52'ime
to
)estinati
on ((!
%2
Arri3a+
time
(?'C!
Site A 2000
Site 2%00
Site C 7000
On the asis o! ,our "al"ulation the three sites will e inundated in the !ollowing order6
1) )irst Site ', then B and last *C
2) )irst Site B, then * and last 'C
=) )irst Site *, then B and last '#
2?
IESO 2011
.ap o! the *entral .editerranean area, showing with the la"- star the epi"enter o! the
sudu"tion 0one earth8ua-e, and the tra"e o! the three se"tions# *ir"les "entered on the
epi"enter "an e used to measure the distan"e#
2;

IESO 2011
(PRACTICAL)

ASTRONOMY
(PRACTICAL)
IESO 2011 ASTRONOMY PRACTICAL TEST
STOP 11
NAME:-
_______________________________________________________________
COUNTRY:_________________________________________________________
___
On Friday, September 9, 2011, you will perform 3 trials. Each trial is indiidual, but in
some cases you will hae to wor! to"ether with some of the other participants. #his is
what happens eery day in science$ you compete and cooperate at the same time with
other scientists, to "et an hi"her leel of shared !nowled"e.
ACT I: THE POLE STAR FOR MARS (60 minutes f! e"#$ %!u& f in'i(i'u")
&"!ti#i&"nts*
Materials$ %oc!et torch li"ht &red', paper, pencil, rubber
(emember that the celestial poles are the pro)ection of the "eo"raphic poles onto the
s!y. *t the present time there is a star, isible from Earth with the na!ed eye, close to
the celestial +orth %ole$ for this reason it is called %olaris. ,ut what if you were at the
"eo"raphic +orth %ole of -ars.
#he celestial +orth %ole of the red planet is not the same of the Earth. #o do the
comparison, recall that the stars are so far that the ima"inary desi"ns of the
constellations remain the same as seen both from the Earth and -ars. So the
orientation of -ars/ a0is is such that its celestial +orth %ole has (i"ht *scension 21h
10m 12s and 2eclination 342.95. #his means that is in the constellation of 6y"nus.
(i) #he most brilliant star of the constellation of 6y"nus could be a "ood choice for the
martian +orth %ole star. 7hich way the modern terrestrial astronomers indicate it. For
the -artian s!y watcher, who !nows8 _/1 pt.
a. 1 6y"
b. * 6y"
c. 9 6y"
d. : 6y"
(ii) ;oo! at the s!y pro)ected by the %lanetarium on the inner surface of the dome. *t
the <enith you hae the +orth %ole of the ecliptic. Find %olaris and thus you !now the
position of the Earth=s celestial +orth %ole. %lease notice the scale on the celestial
meridian )oinin" the Earth=s +orth %ole with the <enith$ eery step is 105. #here is the
same scale also on the >uarter of celestial meridian )oinin" -ars= +orth %ole with the
<enith. 7hat can you say about the a0ial tilt of the Earth and -ars with respect to the
+orth %ole of the ecliptic. _/3 pt.
a. #he a0ial tilt of -ars is twice the a0ial tilt of the Earth
b. #he two planets hae more or less the same a0ial tilt, but in different directions
c. #he a0ial tilt of -ars is one half of the a0ial tilt of the Earth
d. #he two planets hae more or less the same a0ial tilt, but in opposite directions
1
(iii) 6onsiderin" all the information you hae collected, can you say somethin" about
the inclination of the orbital plane of -ars with respect to that of the Earth, called the
ecliptic plane. _/3 pt.
a. #he orbital plane of -ars has a sli"ht inclination with respect to the Earth=s ecliptic
b. #he orbital plane of -ars is e0actly the same of the Earth and all the other planets
in the Solar System
c. #he orbital plane of -ars is perpendicular to the Earth=s ecliptic
d. #he orbital plane of -ars has an inclination of 145 with respect to to the Earth=s
ecliptic
2
ACT II: I+LL FOLLO, THE S-N (./ minutes f! e"#$ %!u& f in'i(i'u")
&"!ti#i&"nts*
Materials$ %encil, rubber, paper, chronometer, piece of chal!
?n the Solar ;aboratory in -odena you can loo! at the ima"e of the Sun pro)ected on a
blac!board without ris!s for your si"ht &remember$ neer loo! directly at the Sun@'.
7hen the trac!in" of the telescope pointed toward the Sun is on, the ima"e is still and
you can appreciate, for instance, if there are sunspots. 7hen the trac!in" is off, the
Sun moes until it disappears from the blac!board. Een when not wor!in", the
instrument is useful$ the ma"nification of the Sun=s ima"e allow you to measure the
time the Sun needs to coer a certain an"ular distance and thus the an"ular speed of
its apparent daily motion in the s!y.
(i) #he apparent an"ular diameter, in de"rees, of the Sun as seen from the Earth is
about8 _/2 pt.
(ii) *fter ta!in" the measurements in the Solar ;aboratory, which is the an"ular speed
for the daily motion of the Sun, in de"rees per hour, that you hae found. 7rite your
calculation process. _/4 pt.
3
ACT III: NE0ER LOO1 2IRECTLY AT THE S-N (./ minutes f! e"#$ %!u& f
in'i(i'u") &"!ti#i&"nts*
Materials$ %encil, rubber, paper, ali"ned telescope with solar filter
8 Anless you use the filters as you hae on your telescope for the practical test BB but
also in this case it is better not to loo! throu"h it more than few seconds. #his is
enou"h time as to point the telescope, already ali"ned with the celestial poles, toward
to the Sun. So you can find some >uite interestin" information about the position of
our star and the position of the celestial +orth %ole, een if it=s daytime@
(i) First complete the followin" scheme, insertin" in the s>uares the cardinal points &+,
E already inserted, S, 7' and in the rectan"les the name of the local coordinates
&*ltitude, *<imuth'$ _/2 pt
(ii) +ow you can moe the telescope, center the Sun and complete the followin"
table$
2*#E OF #CE O,SE(D*#?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/0.5 pt.
SA+=S (?FC# *S6E+S?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1.5 pt.
SA+=S 2E6;?+*#?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt.
6E;ES#?*; +O(#C %O;E *;#?#A2E$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt.
1
;*#?#A2E OF -O2E+*$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt.
ACT II PLAN 3: THE STARS LOO1 2O,N (./ minutes f! e"#$ %!u& f
Materials$ %encil, rubber
8 *nd you loo! up all the same@ Anluc!ily, the weather is not fine, but you can see the
stars$ o!, it is only a drawin" on your wor!sheet, but these are the same constellations
and stars that will be aboe your head toni"ht in -odena BB and that those nasty
clouds probably will not allow you to see
6an you identify the constellation indicated by the numbers.
1 is$_/1 pt.
a. ;ibra
b. Dir"o
c. Scorpius
2 is$_/1 pt.
a. 6assiopeia
b. %erseus
c. %e"asus
3 is$_/1 pt.
a. 2elphinus
b. *>uila
c. ;yra
4 is$_/1 pt.
a. Arsa -a)or
b. Arsa -inor
c. 2raco
5 is$_/1 pt.
a. Arsa -a)or
b. Arsa -inor
c. 2raco
4
d. Sa"ittarius d. *ndromeda d. 6y"nus d. ,oGtes d. ,oGtes
H
ACT III PLAN 3: 2ISCO0ER THE TELESCOPE (./ minutes f! e"#$ %!u& f
Materials$ %encil, rubber, paper, cloc!, ali"ned telescope with solar filter, ruler
Anluc!ily, the weather is not fine and it seems you can not use the telescope8 ,ut it
has been already ali"ned by the responsible of the %lanetarium in -odena. Iou can
find ery >uic!ly and easily some >uite interestin" information about the telescope
itself and the position of the celestial +orth %ole, een if it=s daytime and clouds do not
allow to loo! at the s!y.
(i) First complete the followin" scheme, in the s>uares insert the cardinal points &+, E
already inserted, S, 7' and in the rectan"les the name of the local coordinates
&*ltitude, *<imuth'$ _/2 pt
(ii) +ow complete the followin" table$
2*#E OF #CE O,SE(D*#?O+$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/0.5 pt.
6E;ES#?*; +O(#C %O;E *;#?#A2E$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt.
;*#?#A2E OF -O2E+*$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt.
(EF;E6#O( O( (EF(*6#O( #E;ES6O%E. EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1 pt.
J
2?*-E#E( *+2 FO6*; ;E+F#C &mm'$ EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE _/1.5 pt.
K

ATMOSPHERE
(PRACTICAL)
Practical Test Atmosphere
Name__________________ Country __________________
Fog in a jar
- Instruction sheet -
Background information
Formation of fog, cloud and several other meteorological events share the same
physical phenomenon the condensation of !ater vapor that happens !hen !ater
passes from the gaseous to li"uid state# $uring this la% you !ill simulate the
formation of fog in a jar through the creation of suita%le conditions#
Materials
& glass jars
' stic( of incense
' match%o)
& aluminum %o)es previously filled !ith ice
' laser pointer
Cold !ater
*arm !ater
Procedure
'# Fill jar ' !ith cold !ater +T appro) ',-C. and jar & !ith !arm !ater +T appro)
/0-C.#
&# *ait for ', min appro) in order to allo! that the glass of %oth jars to come to
the same temperature of the surrounding !ater# This helps you to prevent
condensation inside the jars#
/# 1easure the !ater temperature in %oth jars# *rite the results in "uestion '#
2# 3emove /42 of the !ater from %oth jars#
0# 5ight the stic( of incense and try to put some smo(e into jar '# 6lo! gently the
incense smo(e into the jar#
7# 8uic(ly place the aluminum %o) containing ice on the top of jar#
9# 3epeat the same procedure +steps 0 : 7. !ith jar &#
;# Carefully o%serve !hat happens inside %oth jars#
<# =se the laser pointer to o%serve the progress of the phenomenon and try to
compare them estimating !hich one of the t!o jars produces more fog#
Fog in a jar
*or(sheet -
Question 1 & point
*rite do!n the temperatures of the !ater of the t!o jars
>ar no# Temperature -C
' +cold !ater.
& +!arm !ater.
Question 2 ' point
In most climate areas fog is more common during the cold season? does this
e)periment help you to understand this phenomenon@
a. yes
%. no
Question 3 / points
In your opinion !hich of the follo!ing sentences e)plain %etter the role played %y the
smo(e inside the jars +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers.
a. *arm up the air inside the jar further
%. *arm up the !ater inside the jar further
c. Aive tiny particles that provide surfaces on !hich !ater vapor can condense
d. Aive tiny and !arm particles that increase the difference in temperature
%et!een air and !ater# This affects the condensation positively#
Question 4 2 points
In the atmosphere !hich one of the follo!ing processes, in your opinion and most
li(ely, emits su%stances that could play the same role of the smo(e you use in this
la%@ +mar( no more then TWO of the follo!ing ans!ers.
a. The erosion of a river
%. A volcanic eruption
c. The respiration of living organisms
d. Fossils fuels %urning
e. An earth"ua(e
Question 2 points
*hich of the follo!ing situations, in your opinion, is more suita%le for fog
formation@ +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers.
a. Close to a shoreline there is an up!elling of a deep and cold ocean current#
Bere the !ater meets !arm air coming from the inland area covered !ith
forest
%. An hilly area has no vegetation cover since is "uite arid, ther are only roc(
outcrops facing south forming very !arm air masses meeting cool ones
coming from the adjacent pea(s
c. A very !ide area is covered !ith sno! in the mid of !inter season# Bere
cold air masses meet slightly cool ones coming from an adjacent and dense
!oods
Question ! & points
Cne of the conditions that helps the formation of fog is the ice presence that
decreases the temperature of air inside the jar# *hich one of the follo!ing conditions
could lead to the formation of fog@ +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers.
a. increasing of air pressure inside the jar
%. decreasing of air pressure inside the jar
c. An increase or decrease of the air pressure inside the jar leads to fog
formation
d. An increase of the pressure coupled !ith heating of the air inside the jar
Question " & points
*hich one of the follo!ing su%stances of the atmosphere does NCT act as
condensation nucleus@ +mark ONE of the follo!ing ans!ers.
a. marine aerosol made %y !aves
%. car%on dio)ide
c. particles lifted during a sand storm
d. particles emitted during a forest fire
Question # & points
1ar( on the follo!ing graph t!o points that represent the conditions of the !ater
inside the t!o jars +mar( the point 'Dcold jar? mar( the point &D!arm jar.#

OCEANOGRAPHY
(PRACTICAL)
IESO 2011
PRACTICAL TEST
Oceanography
Temperature and Depth ea!urement!
Dur"ng th"! pract"ca# te!t you $"## mea!ure the temperature o% $ater at d"%%erent depth! at a !amp#"ng
!"te& '"th the data co##ected( you $"## con!truct a therma# pro%"#e and conduct an "n)e!t"gat"on *a!ed
on the data&
+ou $"## u!e thermometer! %a!tened at %",ed d"!tance! a#ong a #"ne ca##ed moor"ng rope end"ng
$"th a $e"ght& The upper end $"## *e %",ed to the *oat& Th"! !y!tem "! ca##ed moor"ng !y!tem&
Dur"ng !c"ent"%"c mea!urement!( "t "! genera##y %",ed to a %#oat"ng *uoy&
The thermometer! are actua##y m"cro-data-#ogger! that mea!ure and record temperature data at
de!"red t"me "nter)a#!& Th"! operat"on "! ca##ed a m"!!"on& The data #ogger! and the computer!
ha)e a#ready *een con%"gured %or th"! m"!!"on&
Materials
Temperature m"cro-data-#ogger! .thermochron "/utton( Da##a!-a,"m mode# DS102112
Data-#ogger3PC ca*#"ng !y!tem .named L"n45S/2
Computer $"th dr")er! and !o%t$are a#ready "n!ta##ed .named One'"re6"e$er2
Procedure
PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Preparation phase 5!"ng the hard$are and !o%t$are pro)"ded( you ha)e to program a## the
data #ogger! "n order to !tart your m"!!"on $"th the %o##o$"ng character"!t"c!7
ea!urement rate7 1 m"n&
8ormat o% temperature data7 9C&
A#arm7 o%%
Start the m"!!"on o% each data #ogger&
Preparation o! the "oorin# line& Put the data #ogger! "n!"de the cham*er!& T"ght#y c#o!e
the cham*er $"th a !u"ta*#e o-r"ng u!"ng the g")en 4ey!& Then %", the thermochron! at the
%o##o$"ng depth!7 !ea %#oor( :10m a*o)e !ea %#oor .a!%2( :20m a!%( :;0m a!%&
Measure"ent& Put the moor"ng #"ne "n the $ater %o##o$"ng the "n!truct"on! %rom the !ta%% o%
the *oat& Pay !pec"a# attent"on to them<
Lea$e the "oorin# line "n the $ater %or at #ea!t 10 m"nute!&
Care%u##y ra"!e the moor"ng #"ne& Co##ect a## the data %rom the #ogger! %o##o$"ng the
"n!truct"on! pro)"ded *y the !tudent !ta%%& 8or each data #ogger you ha)e to choo!e .among
a## the co##ected )a#ue!2 a !"ng#e )a#ue o% temperature that( "n your op"n"on( "! repre!entat")e
o% the temperature o% the $ater at that depth $here the thermometer $a! p#aced&
%o to the &or'sheet and ans&er the (uestions
IESO 2011
PRACTICAL TEST
Oceanography
Temperature and Depth ea!urement!
=AE>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> country >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- )or'sheet *
+uestion ,
Record the data "n the %o##o$"ng ta*#e7
-epth ."eter /elo& sea le$el0 Te"perature .1C0
0 m .!ea #e)e#2
- m
- m
- m .!ea %#oor2
2 points
+uestion 3
Dra$ a graph u!"ng the data you co##ected& P#ace the temperature on the hor"?onta# a,"! .Sca#e the
a,"! %rom -@9C to :;09C2& P#ace the depth on the )ert"ca# a,"!& /e !ure to p#ace the !ea !ur%ace at
the top and the !ea %#oor at the *ottom o% the a,"!&
2 points
+uestion 4
Accord"ng to the data co##ected( th"! $ater ma!! "! character"?ed *y7 .Choo!e on#y O=E o% the
%o##o$"ng an!$er!2
a2 no therma# !trat"%"cat"on
*2 !trong therma# !trat"%"cat"on
c2 $ea4 therma# !trat"%"cat"on
d2 I $ou#d need more data to !ay !ometh"ng de%"n"t")e#y&
2 points
+uestion 5
In your op"n"on( $h"ch o% the %o##o$"ng !tatement! "! mo!t #"4e#y the ma"n cau!e o% the pre!ent
cond"t"on o% the $ater co#umnA Th"! !hou#d re%#ect your an!$er to Bue!t"on ;& .Choo!e on#y O=E o%
the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2
1& a*!ence3pre!ence o% d"%%erence! "n den!"ty a! a con!eBuence o% d"%%erence! "n temperature
and3or !a#"n"ty&
2& d"%%erence! "n the concentrat"on o% d"!!o#)ed o,ygen&
;& d"%%erence! "n the phytop#an4ton concentrat"on&
C& 'a)e act"on
@& =on-natura# cau!e! !uch a! the tran!"t o% *oat! and !h"p!&
2 points
+uestion 2
'h"ch o% the %o##o$"ng e)ent!( "n your op"n"on( CO5LD CERTAI=L+ =OT a%%ect the pre!ent
!"tuat"on o% !trat"%"cat"on& .Choo!e O=E o% the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2
a2 "n%#o$ o% $ater $"th a d"%%erent !a#"n"ty
*2 "n%#o$ o% $ater $"th a d"%%erent temperature
c2 a )ery !trong $"nd
d2 "n%#o$ o% $ater $"th !"m"#ar !a#"n"ty and temperature
e2 re#ea!e o% pho!phorou! %rom the !ed"ment @ po"nt!
+uestion 6
'h"ch o% the %o##o$"ng *e!t e,p#a"n! the "mportance o% the !trat"%"cat"on o% a $ater ma!!D .Choo!e
O=E o% the %o##o$"ng an!$er!2
a2 /ecau!e !trat"%"cat"on a%%ect! the ero!"ona# proce!!e! carr"ed on *y the $ater ma!!
*2 /ecau!e !trat"%"cat"on and the temperature o% the $ater a%%ect on#y the pr"mary product"on&
.$arm $ater mean! more product")"ty2
c2 /ecau!e !trat"%"cat"on cou#d a%%ect ano,"c cond"t"on! at the *ottom&
2 points
+uestion 7
5!"ng the graph that you prepared %or Bue!t"on 2( dra$ a therma# pro%"#e o% th"! $ater ma!! dur"ng a
hypothet"ca# $"nter $hen the !ea !ur%ace had %ro?en&
8 points
=AE>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> country >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

GEOSPHERE
(PRACTICAL)
Stop 01
IESO 2011 Practical test Geosphere Mineralogy
Name and surname of the Partecipant: ________________________________________
Nationality: ______________________________________________________________
Duration time 10 min.
Identification of mineral species
Given five different mineral samples, the candidate is requested to identify
each mineral species with the aid of basic chemical/physical tests or
macroscopic observations. Each mineral species holds at least one unique
feature or character which discriminate it from the others for e!ample, it is the
only one reactin" with acids, it is the hardest one, it is the most symmetric one,
it is the only one e!hibitin" metallic luster #$. %he tests recommended for the
identification are: i$
reactivity to hydrochloric acid attac&' ii$ determination of the relative (ohs
hardness' iii$ crystal habit indicative of the crystal symmetry' iv$ metallic
luster.
%he candidate should associate the code number from ) to *$ of the mineral
sample to the mineral name. + points for each ri"ht answer$
calcite
quart
fluorite
hematite
sulphur
STOP 2 15 Name_____________________ Country ____________________
Practical test: Preda Ringadora
1) Connect the fossil names with the corresponding figure.
1) AMMONITE
2) BELEMNITE
3) CORAL (SCLERACTINIAN)
4) CRINOID
5) GASTROPOD
6) RUDIST
1 - __
2 - __
3 - __
4 - __
5 - __
6 - __
(0.2 pt for each right answer)
2) Inside the squares A and B there are two of the fossils illustrated above. Write the name of the
fossils:
A) ________________________ (1 pt)
B) ________________________ (1 pt)
3) The geological feature labelled on the stone as C is a: (0.8 pt)
a) cross bedding
b) flute cast
c) ripple mark
d) stylolite
S
T
O
P

3
,

2
0

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u
t

a

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o
s
s

a
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t
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e
r

o
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t
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r
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h
t

c
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l
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m
n

(
5

p
t
)

N
a
m
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
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_
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_
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_

C
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y

_
_
_
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_
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_
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_
_
STOP 4, 20 Name ___________________________ Country
__________________
Cathedral, northern side
Identify the stones in the boxed wall portion using the given samples for comparison:
fill the slab contour with the appropriate color.
Legend and color key:
Score
Correct points
all
! wrong "
# wrong $
$ wrong #
" wrong !
%ot to be identify
&arble
'ray calcarenite
(ellow)white calcarenite
&agmatic rock
*trachyte+
,ink)red limestone
STOP 5, 15 Name __________________________Country
________________________
Roman Lapidary Museum (Lapidario Romano, Museo Civico Archeologico Etnologico)
(1pt for each right answer)
dentify the stones of the following Roman monuments using the given samples for
comparison! write the stone letter into the appropriate monument "o#$
%tone samples
A) Limestone ("iocalcarenite)
&) &recciated mar"le ('ara"es(ue))
C) *oliated mar"le
+) Limestone ("iocalcarenite,"iocalcirudite)
E) Limestone (rudist mudstone)
-$ .! Altar (ara) of Marcus -umisius Castor
-$ 1/ Altar (no inscription)
-$ 11 Altar of 0u"lius Clodius
-$ 1. %tele of Caius *adius Amphio
-$ 1. Lion
STOP 6, 15 Name ______________________________ Country _________________
QUESTION 1
What is the attitude (strike, dip direction, angle of
dip at clockwise easureent! of the e"posed
surface # $ (%pt!
1& 11'( ) *'( ) +,(
*& %-'( ) *,'( ) +,(
%& *'( ) 11'( ) *,(
-& 1.'( ) /'( ) *,(
,& *,'( ) %-'( ) *,(
+& 11'( ) *'( ) +,(
.& *''( ) *0'( ) +,(
/& *'( ) 11'( ) +,(
0& 11'( ) *''( ) *,(
1'& *''( ) *0'( ) *,(
QUESTION *
On the surfaces (#, 1, 2, 3! what geological features can 4ou identif4 (one or ore answers a4
5e correct!$ (',, points for each right answer!
1& wawe ripple arks
*& groo6e casts
%& flute casts
-& tectonic lineation
,& st4lolites
+& fossil traces
.& tool arks
/& fossil shells
STOP 7 25
Practical test 2011 Comparison of sediments and hydrographic basins
Equipment:
Geological map 1 (riuli !ene"ia Giulia#$ %ith a simplified legenda
Geological map 2 (&ombardia#$ %ith a simplified legenda
Pebble samples ' and (
)and samples 1 and 2
)tereomicroscope
*ilute hydrochloric acid+
E,ercises:
-%o geological maps are pro.ided (1 and 2#
-%o pebble samples ( ' and ( # are pro.ided
/n each map$ t%o sites (0 and 1# along the ri.er are sho%n+ Pebbles and sand
samples ha.e been collected from these locations+
2n site 0 pebbles from the /glio hydrographic basin ha.e been collected+
2n site 1 pebbles from the 2son"o hydrographic basin ha.e been collected+
1# 3ecogni"e the roc4 types of the pebbles$ by completing the follo%ing table (it5s
possible to use the diluted 6Cl solution#: (1$7 points#
Choose among: limestone$ sandstone$ dolomite roc4$ diorite$ gneiss8micaschist
9umber of pebble 3oc4 type
' 1
' 2
' :
( 1
( 2
( :
2# ;atch correctly the pebble samples %ith the geological maps+
(1$27 points#
Pebble sample
'
Geological map
number <<<+
Pebble sample
(
Geological map
number <<<
:# /bser.e carefully the t%o sand samples (1 and 2# at the stereomicroscope+
=hich minerals are present in each sample> 1ou could tic4 more than one option+
(1 point#
Calcite
present
?uart"
abundant
?uart" .ery
rare
(iotite
present
)and sample
1
)and sample
2
@# =hich of the t%o sand sample comes from site 0 and %hich from site 1 >
(1$27 points#
)and sample
1
)ite <<<+
)and sample
2
)ite <<<
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF LOMBARDIA - SIMPLIFIED LEGENDA stop 7a
Important note: durin past !a"ia! periods# a!pine !a"iers transported and a""umu!ated
sediments to $orm morains in t%e pedemontane &one o$ A!ps'
Sin"e t%e end o$ t%e !ast !a"iation# ri(er O!io "arries to site X sediments a!read) deposited *)
a!pine !a"iers in t%e past in t%e pedemontane &one# sout% o$ !a+e Iseo'
Quaternary covers
,
-
.
7
/
Igneous rocks
0: ranite
,1: diorite
,,: diorite and a**ro
,2: r%)o!ite
,3: ranite
,7: diorite and a**ro
Sedimentary covers:
di$$erent t)pes o$ !imestone# sandstone#
do!omite ro"+ and s%a!e
,0*
44a 44*
42
4-
4.
43
47a
4/
40
21
2,a
24a
22a
2-
2.
27a
20
-,a
-2a
--
-.
-3*
Crystalline rocks
-/: neiss
-0: s"%ist and p%)!!ite
.1: 5uart&ite
Crystalline rocks
3-: neiss
3.: s"%ist and p%)!!ite
33: s"%ist
37: neiss
Geological map of Friuli Venezia Giulia SIMPLIFIED LEGENDA stop 7
Important note!
It"s possile to assume t#at t#e litological formation in t#e Slo$enian
si%e of t#e #&%rograp#ic asin of ri$er Isonzo 'calle% Soca in Slo$enia( are t#e same
foun%
in t#e Italian si%e)
Quaternary covers
*+
*,
*-
*.
Cenozoic sequence
/0 ! san%stone an% s#ale
/0 a! san%stone1 reccias an% s#ale
/2! limestone
Mesozoic sequence
/7 c! limestone
/+ c! limestone
/+ ! limestone
/, a! limestone
/-! limestone
/. c! %olomite roc3
/. a! %olomite roc3
/* c! %olomite roc3 an% limestone
0! %olomite roc3 an% limestone
Stop 8, 15
Name_________________ Country____________
In this test you are expected to recognize the minerals of the roc,
estimate their a!undance and classify the roc !ased on the
Streeisen diagram"
#ill all ta!les and Streeisen plot" $eport the name of the roc"
Characters of the roc forming minerals %not all are present in the
roc&'
Plagioclase' (hite mily appearance, anhedral to su!hedral
%elongate prismatic ha!it&, sometimes t)inning and
clea*age detecta!le"
Quartz' Colourless to greyish, is the most transparent, often
anhedral interstitial, conchoidal fractures, no clea*age"
Biotite' +lac,dar !ro)n, *itreous lustre, thin clea*age system,
hexagonal euhedral sections are in general su!e-uant""
Pyroxene' +lac, prismatic elongated, clea*age parallel to the
elongation"
Olivine' .reen, dar green, prismatic su!e-uant, no clea*age"
Oxides' /-uant, fine grained, !lac metallic lustre"
Tourmaline' Strongly elongated to acicular ha!it, light !ro)n to
greenish"
K-Feldspar' 0range to reddish, forms large crystals, anhedral to
su!hedral, sometimes t)inning and clea*age detecta!le"
In the follo)ing ta!le select the minerals you recognize on the
selected areas of the pillar, then indicate the amount of each phase"
1inerals not recognized must !e indicated as 23" 4o e*aluate the
amount of each mineral phase use the reference grids in the next
page" Note that indicating the amount of minor phases as 5123
means total is not expected to !e 1223"
2 5123 123 623 723 823
4ourmali
ne
9,
feldspar
0li*ine
0xides
:uartz
;yroxene
+iotite
;lagiocla
se
$eference grids

In order to define the roc you must recalculate the relati*e amount
of :, < and ;
/stimated
*alue
$ecalc to 122
: %:uartz&
< %9,feldspar&
; %;lagioclase&
Sum :=<=; Sum >122
;lot in :,<,; !y colouring the compositional field
?ou can use the triangular plot aside to help in
finding the correct position
4he o!ser*ed roc is' ________________________________
Score'
;lot in the right field' 8 points
;lot in the fields ad@acent to the correct one' 1 points
STOP 9, 20 Records from the past
Background information
To help to make climate forecasts for the future, it is useful to study past climate The field of science !hich aims to "ain #etter
insi"ht into past climate on $arth and the mechanisms that are causin" climate chan"e is called palaeoclimatolo"y
The floors of oceans and lakes are co%ered !ith %arious layers of mud-like sediments, !hich contain fossils One type of fossil
from lake or ocean sediments that is often used #y palaeoclimatolo"ists is diatoms $ach kind of diatom has a different shape
of its skeleton This difference is used to identify the %arious fossil types of diatom
In addition to this, e%ery species "ro!s optimally under a certain temperature called the optimal temperature &To', so the
presence of a certain species can pro%ide some clues a#out the climate at the time !hen the indi%iduals !ere still ali%e
Scientists can determine the temperature at the time of formation, !hich is called the #alanced a%era"e temperature &Tm', #y
applyin" the follo!in" formula(
Aim
Reconstructin" a climate history #y analy)in" the types of diatoms from a sediment core
Materials
*0 Petri dishes that correspond to sediment samples from different parts of a sediment core The depth and a"e are indicated on
each Petri dish &+P years, years +efore Present'
Sample
number
Age (BP
years)
Depth (cm)
* *000 -
2 2000 *0
. .000 *-
/ /000 20
- -000 2-
0 0000 .0
1 1000 .-
2 2000 /0
9 9000 /-
*0 *0000 -0
$ach Petri dish contains *2 pink, "reen, yello! and purple #eads $ach color represents a specific type of diatom that sur%i%es
#est in certain temperatures &, optimal temperature, To'
Type of diatom To ()
pink 20
yello! *-
"reen *0
purple -
Procedure
* 3olor the attached dia"ram &on the !orksheet' accordin" to the diatom composition found in each Petri dish 3ount
the amount of #eads of each color found in each Petri dish and color the circles accordin"ly 4rom the #ottom
&hori)ontal a5is' to the top of each column of circles, color first the pink ones, then the yello! ones, the "reen ones,
and the purple ones
2 6ra! a line a#o%e the top set of pink dots 7 this !ill "i%e you a line !ith the a"e on the 8-a5is and the num#er of
diatoms per type on the 9-a5is
. 3alculate the #alanced a%era"e temperature &Tm' for depths at *000 years +P, /000 years +P and 1000 years +P 4ill
the :Ta#le of the Tm %alues; and ans!er the <uestion accordin" to the instructions pro%ided
This acti%ity has #een adapted for I$SO20** from the ori"inal %ersion titled :$5periment from the Past; pu#lished #y International Polar
4oundation http(==!!!educapolesor"= &* of . '
Records from the past &2,/pt'
>orksheet , 6ia"ram -
Table of Tm !alues
Age (years BP)
n
pink
? T
0,pink
n
yello!
? T
0,yello!
n
"reen
? T
0,"reen
n
purple
? T
0,purple
n
total
Tm ()
*000
/000
1000
4oundation http(==!!!educapolesor"= &2 of . '
Analysis of the results
@uestion * &0,0pt'
Put the . time periods listed in the ta#le a#o%e in the follo!in" ordinated list from the coldest &*' to the !armest &.'
* &coldest' , time periodAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB"e &years +P'
2 , time periodAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB"e &years +P'
. &!armest' , time periodAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB"e &years +P'
@uestion 2 &*,-pt'
The cur%es for the t!o !arm periods sho! e5actly the same ma5imum in terms of num#er of :pink diatoms; !hile the
#alanced a%era"e temperature &Tm' for these periods differ, ho! can you e5plain thatC &mark one correct ans!er'
a' The most recent !arm period has more :purple diatoms;
#' The Tm takes into account the relati%e composition of diatoms present in each sample
c' The Tm takes into account the a"e of each samples
d' The optimal temperature of the :pink diatoms; chan"es accordin" to the a"es
4oundation http(==!!!educapolesor"= &. of . '
STOP 10 15
Practical activity Remote Sensing
Processing and analysis of digital satellite imagery
Instructions
Download the data (Landsat satellite imagery of Venice)
Generate computerised colour images in
o True colour
o False colour
Answer the questions
1) Data Donload
Download all files from http:download!terra!unimore!itieso and sa"e them on the Des!to"
(dou#le clic$ing on e"ery file)
#) O"en t$e satellite imagery
a) %tart the %&O'or!s()0 programme (clic$ing on the 'indos Start *utton)
#) &pen the following files and press O+ on the Image Previe window (cf! Fig!'):
Venice_Band_1.tif (channel '( #lue)!
Venice_Band_2.tif (channel )( green)
Venice_Band_3.tif (channel *( red)
Venice_Band_4.tif (channel +( near infrared ,-.)
Venice_Band_5.tif (channel /( short wa"elength infrared
%0-.)
Venice_Band_7.tif (channel 1( short wa"elength infrared
%0-.)
() True,colour com*ination of s"ectral *ands- generate a real colour image
-n the 2enu #ar clic$ on: Image .om*ine from / 0Red 1reen 2lue3 ( a new window
called .om*ine R12 appears (cf!
Fig!))
&n the three input windows select the
#ands:
a) for red (Select Red Band)
select Venice_Band_3(
#) for green (Select Green Band)
select Venice_Band_2
c) for #lue (Select Blue Band)
select Venice_Band_1!
1
Fig!': -mage 3re"iew
window
Fig!): 4om#ination of the spectral #ands
,ame:555555555555555555555555555
4ountry:5555555555555555555555555
.emote %ensing practical acti"ity -6%& )7''
4lic$ing O+ the com#ined true8colour image appears!
9eep it open in order to compare it with the ne:t results!
4) 5alse,colour com*ination- generate an infrared false colour
image
.epeat the steps of point *) choosing now the following association of spectral #ands (cf!
Fig!*):
a) for red select Venice_Band_4(
#) for green select Venice_Band_3
c) for #lue select Venice_Band_2!
4lic$ing on O+ you o#tain now an infrared false colour image of Venice!
9eep it open in order to compare it with the ne:t results!
5) Try anot$er com*ination- generate a different false colour image using ot$er
s"ectral *ands 6754)
.epeat the steps of point *) choosing now this association of spectral
#ands (cf! Fig!+):
a) for red select Venice_Band_7(
#) for green select Venice_Band_5
c) for #lue select Venice_Band_4!
4lic$ing on O+ you o#tain now a different false colour image of
Venice!
8ou $ave no created t$ree different com*ined images of t$e same su*9ect)
O*serve and com"are t$em in order to anser t$e folloing :uestions)
)
Fig!*: False colour
infrared
com#ination
Fig!+: False colour 1/+
com#ination
;uestions
Only one anser "er :uestion is correct< mar! t$e rig$t one)
&very rig$t anser corres"onds to 0)(5 "oints) 15
T$e %=>DS=T system constitutes t$e longest continuous record of t$e &art$ surface
') The Landsat satellite is
a) polar #) geostationary
)) Landsat is used
a) for weather applications
#) land use
c) to constantly monitor a localised region on the 6arth surface
d) none of them
T$e geometrical resolution of an image is t$e si?e of t$e "i@els in meters)
*) Gi"en that the Landsat images co"er an area of )7 $m ; )7 $m and that there are
/77;/77 pi:els in the image( which is its resolution<
a) )7
#) +7
c) +77
d) no answer is correct
In t$is "ractical activity you used different s"ectral *ands< every single image
reflects a "art of t$e electromagnetic s"ectrum
+) 0hich of the following #ands are outside the "isi#le spectrum<
a) red
#) red and ,-.
c) near and middle infrared
d) green and #lue
T$e com*ined images are< res"ectively< true, and false,colour com*inations of t$e
t$ree visi*le c$annels red< green< *lue< or furt$er s"ectral c$annels of a %andsat
scene)
/) False8colour images are used to
a) increase the interpreta#ility of satellite images
#) pro"ide "isually impaired people a mean for detecting the same features in land use
.om"aring t$e com*ined images o*tained from ste"s ()< 4)< 5) in t$e Instruction
s$eet-
=) The colours of the different features of the soil depend on the #ands selected for the
com#ination( #ecause e"ery o#>ect has its own radiation characteristics
a) true? #) false
1) 0hich channel is #est suited to gi"e information regarding "egetation<
a) green
#) infrared
c) red
d) none of them
@) The infrared range is "ery useful for interpreting the 6arthAs surface #ecause
a) it consists of reflected and emitted energy
#) it gi"es information a#out the "italityhealth status of the "egetation
c) none of them
d) #oth of them
Referring to t$e image o*tained com*ining t$e s"ectral *ands 7< 5< 4-
B) For which application is this com#ination useful<
a) to detect coast lines and shores that are well defined due to this com#ination
#) to find te:tural and moisture characteristics of soils
c) #oth of them
d) none of them
'7) -n com#ined image 1/+( "egetation appears to #e
a) red
*
,ame:555555555555555555555555555
4ountry:5555555555555555555555555
#) green
c) #lue
+

END

IESO 2012

IESO 2012 Written TEST ASTRONOMY
Name_____________________________ Nationality __________________________
1. The duration of spring and summer in the southern hemisphere is 178.7 days, whilst the
duration of autumn and winter is 186.5 days (the opposite is valid for the northern
hemisphere). This apparently strange fact is related to: (1.pt)
(A) The magnetic field of the Sun affects the velocity of the Earth when it approaches the
perihelion
(B) The fact that the Earth changes its velocity in accordance to Keplers Second Law
(C) The precession of the Earth
(D) The Earth is in its perihelion in July
2. If you were at the North Pole, Polaris would be ... (1.pt)
(A) at your zenith
(B) at your northern horizon
(C) below the horizon
(D) It depends on the time of day
3. The magnifying power of a (refracting) telescope can be calculated ...(1.pt)
(A) using sophisticated computer simulations
(B) from the focal lengths of the two lenses
(C) from the diameters of the two lens
(D) from the price of the telescope
4. For similar tidal amplitudes in different geographic locations, the surface of beach covered
by the water during each tidal cycle is related to: (1.pt)
(A) The absolute value of low tide above mean sea level
(B) The slope of the beach
(C) The influence of local winds on the tide
(D) The influence of the local temperature
5. Right ascension is the sky's equivalent to the Earth's ... (1.pt)
(A) Latitude
(B) Longitude
(C) Altitude
(D) Meridian
6. Azimuth is the ___?(1.pt)
(A) angle, measured in degrees, above the nearest horizon
(B) horizontal direction (angle) or bearing of an object in the sky
(C) point in the sky (on the "celestial sphere") directly overhead
(D) great circle on the celestial sphere that passes through your zenith and also through both
celestial poles
7. If your latitude is 30 , what is the most southerly declination of a star to be circumpolar?
(2.pt)
(A) +90
(B) +60
(C) +30
(D) -30
8. The amount of light that a telescope can collect is limited by the telescope's ...(1.pt)
(A) chromatic aberration
(B) focal point
(C) aperture
(D) eyepiece
9. What is the correct term for the time taken for any object in the Solar System (such as the
Moon) to return to the same position relative to the Sun as seen from Earth? (1.pt)
(A) year
(B) solar time
(C) sidereal period
(D) synodic period

10. The color of a star is mainly due to its ...(1.pt)
(A) surface temperature
(B) composition
(C) distance
(D) twinkling
11. A superior planet can be seen to retrograde when it is near ...(1.pt)
(A) conjunction
(B) quadrature
(C) opposition
(D) the Moon
12. When a planet is less than one astronomical unit (AU) from Earth AND shares the same
AR as the Sun, that planet must be ...(1.pt)
(A) Venus
(B) Mercury
(C) at superior conjunction
(D) at inferior conjunction

13. An inferior planet at its greatest eastern elongation is best seen ...(2.pt)
(A) around midnight
(B) around noon
(C) just after sunset
(D) just before sunrise
14. Two optical telescopes A & B are used to observe the same celestial object. (Assume both
have the same transmission rate.)
telescope A B
diameter 25 cm 100 cm
To obtain the same number of photons, what would be the exposure of telescope A to have the
same amount of photons obtained by telescope B? (2.pt)
(A) 4 times
(B) 8 times
(C) 16 times
(D) 32 times
15. The star Alpha Centauri is approximately 4.0x10
13
km away from Earth. If Alpha Centauri
moves closer like the Moon (about 4.0 x10
5
km away), about how much brighter is Alpha
Centauri than before? (2.pt)
(A) 10
8
times
(B) 10
12
times
(C) 10
16
times
(D) 10
24
times
16. If the Sun set below your western horizon about 6 hours ago, and the Moon is barely
visible on the eastern horizon. Which phase of the Moon would this be? (2.pt)
(A) Full Moon
(B) First Quarter
(C) New Moon
(D) Third Quarter
17.If we have our own aircraft and want to fly directly from Albany, Australia (351 South,
11753 East) to Olavarria (3652South, 605 West), with shortest distance, we will pass
through the following region: (2.pt)
(A) Antarctic
(B) South Africa
(C) Hawaii
(D) New Zealand
18. Dating impact craters
From time to time, the planets are struck by bodies coming from the space. The impact of
these bodies on Mercurys surface results in circular structures known as an impact
craters. The superimposing relationships between craters provide a useful tool for relative
dating of these structures. Please carefully analyze the photo below. Which of the options
below is the correct sequence from oldest to youngest? : (2.pt)

(A) A - B - C
(B) A - C - B
(C) B - A - C
(D) B - C - A

A
B
C
IESO 2012 Written TEST Atmosphere

Name_____________________________ Nationality _________________________

1) . Look at this picture below and indicate the correct answer: (1 pts)

Figure 1. Satellite image of Tropics area

This belt of clouds forms on the equator, where cold air from the northern
hemisphere meets warm air from the southern hemisphere.
A
During the summer of the northern hemisphere, the mean position of this belt of
clouds is north of the equator.
B
This belt of clouds is associated with high pressures. C
This belt of clouds forms at the confluence of winds named westerlies. D
This belt of clouds forms where cold air from the upper atmosphere comes down. E

A sharp variation of the height of the tropopause gives
information about the position of the jet stream
A
The presence of dark stripes visable in a water vapour
image gives information about the position of the jet
stream
B
The jet stream has a maximum velocity called the jet
stream core
C
2). What is the
INCORRECT
statement about the jet
stream? (1 pt)
On a 300 hPa chart the position of the jet stream is not
able to be identified
D

Figure 2. Geopotential contours

1

A
2 B
3 C
2 and 3 D
1 and 2 E
1 and 3 F

.3). Figure 2 above illustrates the distribution of the geopotential contour
of the 500 hPa isobaric surface over Korea. (1 pt)

Select the best answer among the statements that describes the upper air
corectly

1. Pressure gradient forces act from point X towards point Y.
2. At point Z the wind blows from the west to the east.
3. The steeper the slope of the 500hPa isobaric surface the greater the
pressure gradient force
1,2, and 3 G

In the Andes there are many
volcanoes that produce a lot of
ash that facilitates precipitation.
A
The rainfall mainly resulted
from mountain effect
orographic uplift
B
Seasonal Monsoonal rainfall C
4). The western coast of the southernmost part
of South America, to the west of the Andes,
is characterized by the presence of a rain
forest. As opposed to the area to the east of
the mountain chain which is a desert (the
Patagonia). Taking into account that winds
in the area blow most of the time from west
to east, how you could explain this
difference in vegetation? (1 pt) Increased in water flow due to
the melting of glaciers
D

A
B
C
D
5). Choose the correct statement about the atmosphere near the equator (1 pt) :

(A) Cold and warm fronts are the dominant source of rainfall
(B) Diurnal variation is not important
(C) Typhoons often develop in this area
(D) The Tropopause temperature is colder than that of midlatitude regions
(E) The pressure gradient is important for weather analysis

E

1

A

2

B

3

C
Figure 3a
January
Figure 3b
July

2 and 3

D

1 and 2

E

1 and 3

F
6). Figures 3a and 3b above illustrates the distribution of annual
average atmospheric pressure on the ground in January and July.
Select the best response from the following statements to describe
the given weather charts correctly. (1 pt)

1. In the northern hemisphere Winter, high pressure develops
over the land area.
2. In January, high pressure develops over the land area in the
southern hemisphere.
3. There is less average variation in atmospheric pressure
between winter and summer in the northern hemisphere,
compared with the southern hemisphere.

1,2, and 3

G

7). Match the following
statements with the right choices (1pt)
Put the letter of your
choice below
1. Which gas has the biggest variation in
space and time, and has strong influence
on the local weather?

2. Which gas has the highest concentration
in the Earths atmosphere?

3. Which gas makes the largest contribution
to the greenhouse effect?

4. Which gass anthropogenic concentration
change is contributing most to climate
change?

A. CO
2

B. CO

C. H
2
O

D. He

E. N
2

High cloud A
Middle cloud B
Low cloud C
Stratiform cloud D
8). Clouds are classified according to height and form.
Which response best describes Altocumulus
lenticularis? (1 pt)
Cirriform cloud E

Figure 4

Question number 9 and 10 refers to Figure 4 to the
left.
Figure 4 shows the vertical profile of mean global
air pressure starting from mean sea level and going
up to 50 km in altitude. Use the information from
Figure 4 to answer the following questions:

Weight divided by Volume A
Mass divided by Area B
Density multiplied by
Temperature
C

Mass multiplied by Temperature D

9). The term Pressure at the horizontal axis
is equivalent to ......... (1 pt)

Force divided by Area E
101-110 hPa A
501-510 hPa B

701-710 hPa C
10). According to Figure 4, The thickest layer
is ........ (1 pt)
1001-1010 hPa D

11). Choose the correct answer (1 pt)
1 and 2 are true

A
2 and 4 are true B
1 and 3 are true C
1 and 4 are true D
1 and 5 are true E
3 and 5 are true F
4 and 5 are true G

1. Wind above the 1 km elevation generally blows
parallel to the pressure contour lines.
2. It always rains when a warm front is approaching.
3. Behind the cold front a northwest wind will blow. A
southeast winds will blow behind a warm front.
4. The fronts are expected to move towards the north.
5. The speed of the cold front is nearly the same as the
wind speed just behind front.
3 and 4 are true H

12). The center of mass of the Earths atmosphere is (1pt):

A) a little less than halfway between the Earths surface and the outer
boundary of the atmosphere.
B) near the surface of the Earth.
C) near the outer boundary of the atmosphere.
D) near the center of Earth.
E) none of the above.

13). Look at the picture of the clouds in Figure 5 below
Figure 5
Which statement is correct ? (1pt)
The clouds are:
(A) associated with a vertical wind
shear
(B) formed due to a passage of a jet
plane (jet contrail)
(C) thunderstorm clouds
(D) a precursor of an earthquake
(E) cloud street

Calculation Problems

14). The vapor pressure of water decreases as the
temperature decreases. If the amount of water
vapor in the air is kept constant as the air is
cooled, then the temperature would reach the
dew point, at which the partial pressure and
vapor pressure coincide and the vapor is
saturated.
If the air is cooled further, vapor condenses
to liquid until the partial pressure again equals
the vapor pressure at that temperature.
In the meteorological laboratory with the
room temperature 26.0
o
C, a meteorologist
cools a metal can by gradually adding cold
water. When the can temperature reaches
16.0
o
C, water droplets form on the cans
outside surface.

What is the relative humidity of the 26.0
o
C air in the room?
(show all your calculations) (3 pts)

Temperature
(
0
C)
Vapor Pressure
(X 10
3
Pa)
10,0
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
22,0
24,0
26,0
28,0
30,0
1,23
1,40
1,60
1,81
2,06
2,34
2,65
2,99
3,36
3,78
4,24

Answer.
Relative humidity =
T e temperatur at water of pressure vapor saturated
T e temperatur at vapor water of pressure partial
x 100 %

The experiment shows that the dew point is 16.0
o
C, so the partial pressure of water
vapor at 26.0
o
C is equal to the vapor pressure at 16.0
o
C, which is 1.8110
3
Pa.

Thus the relative humidity = % 9 . 53 % 100 539 . 0 % 100
10 36 . 3
10 81 . 1
3
3
= =
Pa
Pa

15). In a static atmosphere, the pressure change with height is governed by the
hydrostatic equation p = gz.

In this equation:
g is the gravitational acceleration in m/s
2
(g = 9.81 m/s
2
)
is the air density in kg/m
3

p is pressure difference in Pa (pascal)
z is the thickness of different height

When the mean air density between 1000 hPa to 500 hPa layer is 0.910 kg/m
3
,
calculate the height of 500 hPa level with the assumption that mean sea level pressure
is 1000 hPa
(show your calculations). (3 pts)
Answer: 1 hPa = 100 Pa = 100 kg/m/s
2

p = 1000 hPa 500 hPa = 500 hPa = 50000 Pa
p = gz z = p/(g)
= 50000 Pa / (0.910 kg/m
3
x 9.81 m/s
2
)
= 50000 Pa/(8.9271 kg/m
2
/

s
2
)
= 5600,9 m

Thus the hight of 500 hPa level is 5601 m

IESO 2012 Written TEST Hydrosphere


Figure 1(a) vertical temperature profiles

Figure 1(b) time series of isothermal contours.

1). Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show growth and decay of the seasonal thermocline at 50N,
145W in the eastern North Pacific. The upper mixed layer, as seen in the upper
part of Figure 1(a) is a vertically mixed layer with nearly homogeneous water
temperature.
Referring the above figures 1(a) and 1(b), choose two right answers (2pts).

A. Variation of the mixed layer depth depends on the strength of the warm and cold
water currents.
B. Decreasing of the mixed layer thickness from winter to summer is due to the heat
increase from solar radiation and the decrease of mixing by weakening winds.
C. The main processes that cause the highest water temperature to occur in August
are due to the cold water runoff from the land and the decrease of mixed layer
thickness.
D. The depth of the mixed layer in November is deeper than in May. One of the
factors causing an increase in depth of the mixed layer in November is thermal
convection due to the surface cooling by heat loss.
All the right answers are: B, D

Decreasing the global
warming
A
Increasing the global
warming
B
It will not affect the global
warming
C
2). Methane hydrates, also called fire ice, trap
methane molecules, and are found in enormous
quantities in the near subsurface of marine
sediments in many places. If the warming of
water melts the fire ice, and liberates the
methane molecules into the ocean water and
eventually into the atmosphere, what will the
effect on the global weather be: (2 pts)
Increasing only the local
warming
D

Lunar tide is generated by the difference of
forces between the gravitational attraction force
of the Moon and the centrifugal force by the
Earths rotation.

A
Tide generating forces (TGF) by the Sun is about
46% of TGF by the Moon.
B
Tidal range is greater in the new and full moon
phases than in quarter moon phases.
C

Spring and neap tides are produced by the
superposition of diurnal and semi-diurnal tides.
D

3). Tide is the most periodic
phenomena in the sea
but the tidal range varies
every day. Choose the
two INCORRECT
answers describing the
tidal phenomena (2 pts).

High and low tides occur once or twice a day
depending on the geographical locations on the
Earth.
E

4). Figure 2 below indicates the general pattern of ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean.

Figure 2

4.1) From Figure 2, what wind is responsible for the current at location A? (2pts)
(A) Polar Westerly Wind
(B) Southeasterly Trade Wind
(C) Westerly Wind
(D) Northeasterly Trade Wind

4.2) From Figure 2, what is the name of current at location B? (2pts)
(A) South Equatorial Current
(B) Equatorial Counter Current
(C) North Equatorial Current
(D) North Pacific Current

4.3) Currents at locations A, B, C all belong to the geostrophic current. What are
the two major opposing forces that create the geostrophic currents? (2 pts)
(A) Wind stress
(B) Coriolis force
(C) Pressure gradient force
(D) Bottom friction

5) . (3 pts) Figure 3

2 meters per year

A

1 meter per year B
20 millimeters per year C
2 millimeters per year D
The alpine river Isre, in France flows through the city of
Grenoble. Its drainage basin, as measured at this location,
has an area of 6x10
9
m
2
. The mean density of the rocks in
this drainage basin is 2.5g/cm
3
. During the year 2004, the
Isre at Grenoble removed 3x10
9
kg of material (dissolved
and solid). For the drainage basin, calculate the mean rate
of erosion in depth per year for 2004. Choose the correct
answer.
0.2 millimeter per year E

IESO 2012 Written TEST Geosphere


Write down your answer in the separate answer sheet.
Choose ONLY one answer for every question.
All questions carry the same points

Earlier A
Later B
1. The existence of an inner solid core is supported by seismic signals
crossing the core that have arrival than (as) expected for a
given seismic station.
Same time C

They may have active and inactive
segments
A
They change from normal to reverse
along strike
B
They are related to mid ocean ridges C
2. Which of the following statements is most
correct for transform faults?
A and C are correct D

The average rock density in the
mountain chain
A
The height of the mountain chain B
Neither A or B C
3. Isostatic models explain the presence of thick
roots under most mountain chains. These roots
depend on _________.

Both A and B. D

a,b A
b,d B
a,b,c C
4. Polygonal patterns are found in several geological structures.
Choose all polygonal patterns.
a) Columnar jointing in igneous rocks
b) Mud cracks
c) Polygonal soils
d) Recrystallization of some minerals during metamorphism
a,b,c,d D

Hematite, red; Azurite: blue; Malachite: green; Kaolin:
white; Goethite: ochre (orange); Magnetite: black.
A
ochre (orange); Goethite: white; Magnetite: black.
B
Hematite: black; Azurite: blue; Malachite: green; Kaolin:
white; Goethite: red; Magnetite: ochre (orange).
C
5. Each mineral has a typical
colour of its powder (streak).
Choose the correct
combination of mineral name
and the colour of its powder.

ochre (orange); Goethite: black; Magnetite: white.
D

Related to the first stages of plate tectonic development on the Earth A
Related to the activity of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) B
Fossil marine plants indicative of warm and clear shallow waters
developing during interglacial periods
C
6. Stromatolites
are _____:

Related to the activity of bacteria D

7. Gravitational acceleration is recorded at points A and B of the same elevation. Assuming a
homogeneous subsurface structure and similar density, which point (A or B) will show a larger
gravitational acceleration?

A
B

Left-lateral strike-slip fault A
Reverse fault B
Normal fault C

8. Which type of fault could have displaced the traces
of contact between northern and southern blocks?
Notice that the dip of the layers changes from the
northern to the southern block and that you have
evidence that it is not a strike slip fault.

A rotational or oblique slip fault D

Closer to
each other
A
Further
away
B
No change C
9. M, Z and P are sedimentary beds that have been affected by a reverse fault.
Will the boundaries between the sedimentary beds be closer or farther apart in
the northern block.

Move to
the left
D

The law of Faunal
Succession, no
exception
A
Law of Superposition,
no exception
B
Principle of
Superposition, there are
exceptions
C
10. A doodle that celebrated the 374
th
anniversary of Steno
appeared on January 11 of this year. Steno did a great job trying to
find out how many natural processes worked. He is considered the
father of Geology because he established several principles that
worked as keystones for the further developments of the geological
knowledge.
The Google logo makes reference to the most famous of his principles
that refers to the order of layers in a normal sedimentary sequence.
Can you name the principle and whether or not exceptions to the
principle could exist.

Reference: www.google.com/Nicolas-Steno-374th-birthday

The law of Faunal
Succession, there are
exceptions
D

algae A
bivalves B
corals C
11. Crinoids are a group of:
echinoderms D

marble and quartzite A
schist and marble B
schist and gneiss C
12. A granite pluton intrudes a sedimentary succession
composed of limestone and sandstone. Which kind of
metamorphic rocks will be formed?

quartzite and gneiss D

olivine pyroxene A
olivine -quartz B
biotite quartz C
13. Which of the following pairs of minerals cannot be
found in the same rock type?

plagioclase pyroxene D

a,b,d A
b,d,g B
b C
14. Which of the following phenomena are precursors of an
impending (forthcoming) volcanic eruption?
a) Floods
b) Anomalous seismicity
c) Heavy rains
d) Increase of temperature and chemical changes in fumarolic
gases
e) Strong winds
g) Ground uplift
all D

volcanic chimney A
meteor impact crater B
rockfalls C
15. What is this geological phenomenon called that has
occurred in a karst region?

sinkhole D

Dextral (right lateral) strike-slip
fault
A
Sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip fault B
oblique slip fault C
16. What kind of a fault caused the displacement of this
fence?

thrust fault D

1 A
2 B
3 C
17. Choose the sedimentary feature which DOES NOT
increase with distance from the source area of sediments.
1. grain size
2. roundness
3. quartz to feldspar ratio
2 and 3 D

halite; A
gypsum; B
apatite; C
18. The precipitation of which of the following minerals is
regulated by the concentration of CO
2
in the solution?
calcite; D

Deep ocean trench A
Abyssal plains B
Mid - oceanic ridges C
19. In which of the following
geological contexts is it more probable
to find oil reservoirs?
Passive continental margin D

flows easier A
is harder to deform B
is easier to deform C
20. Comparing two materials with
different viscosities, the one with the
higher viscosity.:
is less sticky D

the rotation of Earth A
the presence of mid-ocean ridge B
the presence of impact crater C
21. Which of the following provide evidence of plate
tectonic activity?
the presence of erosion D

top A
bottom B
top right C
22. The photo below displays cross-bedding.
Where is the youngest strata shown on this vertical
outcrop?

bottom left D

A is limestone A
B is schist B
B is evaporite C
23. There are three rocks A, B, and C.
Two of them are basalt and limestone.
If the formation temperature T of the
three rocks are T
A
>T
B
>T
C
, which
statement is correct?

C is basalt D

A
B
C
D
E
24. Which of the geological features can not be determined in this
geological section for its relative age sequence? There is no
overturning of beds.
F

This is a schematic diagram showing rock cycle in lithosphere. Rocks at the Earths surface change
due to various geological processes.

+
solidification A
metamorphism B
transport C
26. What is the name of the process
represented by (a) in the diagram above?
earthquake D

A great earthquake M 9.0 occurred off the Pacific of Tohoku in Japan on March 11, 2011. The
epicenter of the earthquake is shown in the figure. The red line is plate boundary.

Divergent-normal A
Convergent-strik slip B
1,2 A
1,3 B
3,4 C
25. Choose ALL sedimentary structures useful in paleocurrent analysis.
1. graded bedding, 2. cross bedding, 3. desiccation cracks, 4. ripple marks
2,4 D
Convergent-reverse C
Convergent-normal D

The following diagram shows a sedimentary sequence obtained
from a lake. Answer the questions.
a,b A
a,c B
b,d C

28. Explain the formation of light and dark layers in
terms of water circulation.
a) The light layer was deposited during the
time of good water circulation and organic matter was
oxidized
b) The dark layer was deposited during the
time of good water circulation and organic matter
was oxidized
c) The dark layer was deposited during the
time of poor water circulation and organic matter
was not oxidized.
d) The light layer was deposited during the
time of poor water circulation and organic matter
was not oxidized.
c,d D
Light layer A
Dark layer B
Both C
30. Which layer(s) do you think
show coarse grains? (1.pts)
Neither D

Quartz
arenite-
mudrock
A
Mudrock-
greywacke
B
Arenite-
wacke
C
Figure shows the classification of sandstones by Pettijohn
(1975).

30. Show the
names of rocks A
and B in the
figure.
Greywacke-
quartz arenite
D

2500 km A
14200 km B
3050 km C
31. Earth's bulk density is 5500 kg/m
3
. It is estimated that Earth's
uncompressed density (the density Earth would have if gravity
were "turned off" and pressure inside the Earth were zero) is 4000
kg/m
3
. Using the actual mass of Earth (6.010
24
kg), what would
its radius have to be to give a bulk density of 4000 kg/m
3
?
(Assume this Earth is a perfect sphere.)
7100 km D

The record of frequencies-amplitudes of cyclic climate
changes can serve to predict major cycles;
A 32. How can studies of ice cores
help scientists to understand and
predict future climate changes?

The physical record can be correlated with changes in
atmospheric gases and aerosols;
B
The physical record can be correlated to changes in mean
ocean and atmospheric temperatures,
C
The physical record can be correlated to changes in ocean
salinity, glacial intervals, etc.
D

All of the above answers E

IESO 2012 Written TEST ASTRONOMY

(1) The full moon was photographed using a telescope equipped with a camera whose field of view
was too small, so that only part of the moon is visible. Recalling that the angular diameter of
the moon is about 30, using rulers and/or compass, estimate the field of view of this camera.
You must write down the whole process on this paper. (10 pts)

(2) In the image of Jupiter with its moons (taken from Hubble Space Telescope on March 28, 2004),
three shadows from the Io, Ganymede, and Callisto are visible, respectively, and two moons are
visible in this image, Io in the center and Ganymede at the upper right. However, Callisto is out
of the image.

(2-1) Callisto is out of the image. On the image above, draw an arrow pointing to where Callisto
would be located. (1 pt)
(2-2) The diameter of Io is 3646 km, and the diameter of Ganymede is 5262 km. What is the scale
(km/mm) of this image. (2 pts)
Ganymede
Io
Shadow of Ganymede
Shadow of Io
(2-3). Find the direction of light from Sun to Jupiter
Refer to the image and drawing on the page below. The image, taken from the Hubble Space
Telescope is shown on the upper-left side, and the circle on upper-right side is a view from the
northern sky of Jupiter, with the circle line representing the equator of Jupiter. The diameter of
Jupiter is 143000 km.
(i) Plot a circle, C, inside the equator circle of Jupiter, showing the latitude of the shadow of Io.
(2 pts)
(ii) Plot the position of the shadow of Io on circle C. (2 pts)
(iii) Draw the line through Io to the Earth. (1 pt)
(iv) The rays of light from the Sun to Jupiter and its moons are almost parallel. The radius of the
orbit of Io is about 422000 km. Draw a circle outside the equator circle representing the orbit
of Io. (1 pt)
(v) Mark a point representing the location of Io. (1 pt)
(vi) Draw a line from the shadow of Io to the direction of Sun. (1 pt)
(vii) Calculate the distance between Io and its shadow in km? (2 pts)

To Earth
IESO 2012 Practical TEST Atmosphere


Please give your answer just in this question sheet and give your plot in the Emagram
(Skew-T log-P) for question number 3.

1) Modelling an inversion

Material
salted water (300g of salt per litre) at 5C
hot fresh water at 50C
tall beaker
plastic film (useful for pouring hot water gently on top of cold salted
water without mixing it ; you get rid of the film gently after that)
colour Tepid fresh water filled in small bottle at room temperature.
a metal wire attached to the flask : useful for pushing down the small
bottle at the bottom of the beaker.
I) Pour cold, salted water in the beaker up to mid-height
II) Cover the water with the plastic sheet

III) Pour gently hot fresh water on the top of the filmed layer
of salted water, in order to avoid mixing the two water masses.

IV) Pull gently the film, avoiding turbulence.

V) Put the small bottle filled with colored tepid water at the bottom of the beaker (using the
wire) ; incline the opening of the bottle so as to let the colored water go out gently.

Questions

1.1) Indicate which drawing best describes what you observe in your beaker ( 5 points)
Ans. ( )

A B C D
1.2) Please indicate the relative densities of the 3 water masses
(HF : hot and fresh, CS : cold and salted, TF : Colour Tepid fresh) : ( 2 points)
Ans. ( )

A) density
CS
> density
HF
> density
TF

B) density
HF
> density
CS
> density
TF

C) density
TF
> density
CS
> density
HF

D) density
CS
> density
TF
> density
HF

2) Inversion in a valley

Inversion can be a problem when there is pollution. Lets consider a valley with a polluting
factory in winter.
2.1) Associate each time of the day /weather condition below with one of the vertical
profiles of temperature A, B, and C in the small box ( 3 points)

2.2) Draw the limit of the polluted layer on the valley profile above (if any) ( 2 points)

1000 hPa
950 hPa
900 hPa
At the end of a
cloudy night

At the end of a
clear night

At the end of a
sunny day

Temperature
Pressure
Temperature
A

Temperature
B
C
950 hPa
1000 hPa
900 hPa

3) Zonda (Foehn) wind

An emagram (Skew T Log-P-diagram in the US) is a thermodynamic diagram which allows
to predict how the state of a parcel of air changes when the parcel moves up or down. You
may kindly note that in those diagrams, isotherms (solid brown lines) are skewed towards the
right at 45, so you must read temperature obliquely! Pressure/altitude is on the vertical axis.

We are going to apply it to the study of a famous Argentinian wind, blowing from the Andes :
Zonda wind.

Lets consider a parcel of humid air arriving from the Pacific Ocean in Chile. At the altitude
of 200 meters, air pressure is 1000 hPa. The temperature of this parcel of air is then 15C
(A point) and its mixing ratio (water content) is 6 g of water per kg of air.

3.1) Plot this point (A point) on the emagram. Plot the dew point (D
A
) at this altitude
and indicate the dew point temperature. (1 point)

Ans.

West winds push this parcel of air up the Chilean slopes of the Andes. We will consider that
this move is adiabatic: the parcel of air does not exchange heat with the surrounding air and
cools just because its pressure decrease.
At some point, the air parcel will reach saturation and rain will start(B point).

3.2) Plot the point B up to which the rain starts (saturation) on the emagram and draw
the path between A and B. (1 point)

Now saturated air continue to move up the slope, until the summit of an Andean mountain
pass, at 2500 m (750 hPa).(C point)

3.3) Plot the point C giving the state of the parcel of air at 750 hPa, and draw the path
between B and C. ( 2 points)

Now the parcel will go down the argentinian slope of the Andes, until it arrives at
the altitude of 200 m (1000 hPa).(D point)

3.4) Plot the point D giving the state of the parcel of air at 1000 hPa, and draw the path
between C and D. Indicate the temperature and mixing ratio of the air in D.( 2 points)

Ans.

3.5) Choose how to describe the perception of the Zonda wind in Argentina (1 point)

(A) warm and humid
(B) cold and humid
(C) warm and dry
(D) cold and dry.

Ans.

Emagram (Skew-T Log P)

IESO 2012 practical TEST Geosphere
Name_____________________________ Nationality
__________________________

1. Draw a geologic cross section along A-B in the box to the right. If a bore hole is drilled
from point C, at what depth will you encounter the shale-limestone boundary? (16.pts)

Answer

2. Name the rocks in trays A, B and C and show where (X, Y and Z in the diagram)
they occur in terms of plate tectonics (12 pts).
A- Granite
B- Obsidian
C- Pumice.

http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_12.asp

3. Name the sedimentary rock in tray D. What is the environmental significance of its
colour? (6 pts)
A: Shale/ black shale; Anoxic/reducing environment
4. Name the rock in tray E (among the choice of answers provided), and identify the
fossil present in it.(6 pts)
a. mudstone- b. limestone c. sandstone d. dolomite; Plant fossil
5. Name the rock in tray F.(5pts)
A: schist/ amphibolite schist
For question numbers 6-8: Name the minerals and mention their diagnostic property
(one property per mineral is enough).
6. Quartz; hardness, lustre, no cleavage, fractures (5 pts)
7. Muscovite (mica); cleavage, sheety, flaky, hardness (5 pts)
8. Talc; hardness (4 pts)
9. Please measure the strike and dip of a plane assigned. (10 pts)
10. Please measure the strike and dip of a plane assigned.(10 pts)
11. Name the rock used at the flag mast. Name the two primary mineral constituents
in it.(6 pts)
Pink granite/ granite; quartz and feldspar
12. Name the rock used for the step in the hall. What rock was it originally? (6 pts)
Marble; limestone
13. What would you call the long feature in the rock? Name the dominant mineral
constituent in this feature. (6 pts)
Vein; feldspar
14. Identify the structure you see in the encircled area. (3 pts)
Fault/ microfault.
15. Choose the correct chronological sequence of events represented in the map.

a) -B-C-E-F-G-I-J-D-H
b) D-A-I-G-F-J-C-H-E-B
c) I-J-D_B-C-A_E-G-F-H
d) B-E-F-G-I-A- H-C-J -D

16. Match the following:
a) Inclined beds i) straight line outcrop intersecting topographic contours
b) horizontal beds ii) straight line outcrop parallel to topographic contours
c) vertical beds iii) outcrop intersecting topographic contours
iv) outcrop parallel to topographic contours
17.

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7
th
International Earth Science Olympiad Student Code:
Theoretical Test
Astronomy
Time: 45 Minutes Maximum Marks: 28.5
Instructions:
1. Please write your student code on the cover page as well as on the top right o
every page o answer sheet ! calculations sheets.
". Please write your answers legi#ly. Illegi#le answers will #e counted as incorrect.
$. Please write your inal answers in appropriate #o%es in the main answer sheet.
For numerical questions, show the calculations on lank calculation sheets
!ro"i#e#.
&. 'or numerical (uestions) you may attempt part o the answer even i you don*t
+now the inal result. There will #e stepwise mar+ing.
,. -ou can get as many calculations sheets as you want. .ust raise your hand to as+
or e%tra sheets. The volunteers will #ring e%tra sheets to your ta#le.
/. 0rite (uestion num#er clearly at the top o the calculations sheet.
7. 1ead the entire (uestion group careully #eore starting to answer. Each (uestion
has a point value assigned and indicated on the right hand side o the (uestion.
2. 3ny inappropriate e%amination #ehaviour will result in your withdrawal rom the
IESO.
4ysore) India) Septem#er 11 5 16) "71$ 8Theory Test 9 3stronomy:
7
th
31. 0e list a ew acts #elow a#out temperatures at the surace o ;enus) Earth and 4ars.
8a: The yearly mean temperatures o planets do not match with their e%pected #lac+
#ody temperature.
8#: 3#solute variation in the temperature during the course o one day diers
signiicantly rom one planet to another.
8c: 3#solute variation in the temperature during the course o one year at the e(uator o
the planet diers signiicantly rom one planet to another.
8d: On some planets) there is a large latitudinal percentage variation in temperatures.
8e: 4ean temperature 8averaged over a day: on Earth is dierent on dierent days.

In the ta#le given in your answer sheet) we list a num#er o physical properties related to a planet
and its various motions) which may or may not #e relevant in e%plaining the acts a#ove. In the
ta#le) tic+ in appropriate rows those properties which are relevant or each o the acts a#ove.
<um#er o relevant parameters or each row can #e none) one or more than one.
Total $% !oints or correct tic+9mar+s.
&arnin': Every wrong tic+ mar+ has penalty o (%.2 !oints.
3". The ma%imum altitude o the Sun as seen rom 4ysore on summer solstice day and
winter solstice day are 72
o
,1* and ,&
o
17* respectively. =sing this inormation) o#tain the
inclination o the Earth*s a%is 8: and ind the latitude o 4ysore 8:. )* !oints+
3$. The mass ratio o Pluto and Charon is 2:1. The period o revolution o Charon around
Pluto is a#out /.$27 days. -ou are given that
4
Pluto
> 1.$1 % 17
""
+g) 1
Pluto
> 116, +m) ? > /./7" % 17
911
< m
"
+g
9"
the 4inimum and ma%imum distance o Pluto rom Earth are &"2&.7 % 17
/
+m and
7,"2 % 17
/
+m respectively.
8a: 'ind the length o the semi9ma@or a%is o Charon*s or#it o revolution a#out Pluto.
), !oints+
8#: 'ind the ratio a:1
Pluto
) where *a* is the distance o the Centre o 4ass o the
Pluto9Charon system rom the center o Pluto . )2 !oints+
8c: Theoretically) what is the minimum diameter o the optical telescope which can
resolve the system rom EarthA Ignore eects o Earth*s atmosphere.)2 !oints+
3&. The diagram on the ne%t page shows the BertCprung91ussell diagram 8B91 diagram:
with si% positions 83 5 ': indicated. The y9a%is is given in terms o Solar Duminosity
8D
E
: and %9a%is gives eective surace temperature 8T: o stars in Felvin.
8a: 0hich letters indicate the position o stars that have the largest and the smallest
diameters respectivelyA )2 !oints+
8#: 0hich letters indicate the stars with the same spectral class #ut with dierent
luminositiesA )$ !oints+
8c: 0hich letters indicate the stars that are primarily #urning BydrogenA )$.5 !oints+
8d: 0hich letter would indicate position o a white dwar in this diagramA )$ !oint+
7
th
7
th
Theoretical Test
Astronomy Answer -heet
31. Please see ne%t page
3". Inclination o the Earth*s a%is is
Datitude o 4ysore is
A,. .luto an# /haron:
8a: Semi9ma@or a%is >
8#: a:1
Pluto
>

8c: Giameter >
A4. 0(1 #ia'ram
8a: Star o Dargest Giameter Star o Smallest Giameter
8#: ?ive letters o stars
8c: ?ive letters o stars
8d: 0hite Gwar letter
7
th
Sheet for numerical calculations (write question number clearly)
7
th
International Earth Science Olympiad
Theoretical Test
Astronomy Model Answers
A1. Atmosphere of Planets
See table: + 0.5 points for each correct marking, -0.2 for each wrong marking.
A. !or winter solstice, a
w
" #$ % %
!or s&mmer solstice 'in northern tropical region(, a
s
" )*$ % '#$ % + (
" #$ + %
,sing these, Inclination of the Earth-s a.is, " /
o
0-
1atit&de of 2ysore, " )
o
)7-
(1.5 points for each of the four steps)
A. Pluto and charon!
'a( 3y 4epler-s Third 1aw, a
0
3
=
G(M
pl
+M
ch
)T
2
4
2
=
9G M
pl
T
2
32
2
(1.5 points)
5ence a
0
=1.9610
7
m (1.5 points)
'b( The distance of barycentre from 6l&to will be a
$
7#. (1 point)
3y comparing, a:b "
a
b
=
1.96510
7
91.19510
6
=1.83 (1 points)
'c( One sho&ld try to resol8e the 6l&to9charon system, when the 6l&to is closest to the Earth as
thats when the ang&lar separation will be highest. (0.5 point)
1et &s say we are &sing optical wa8elengths aro&nd ::$nm 'a slightly better appro.imation
will be to &se bl&e end of 8isible light aro&nd ;$$ nm(
D=
1.22
=
1.22 d
pl
a
0
15cm (1.5 points)
A". #-$ dia%ram
'a( Star of 1argest <iameter & Star of Smallest <iameter ' (2 points)
'b( ( and ) (1 point)
'c( A* + and ) (1.5 points)
(d) ' (1 point)
2ysore, India, September )) % )#, $)/ 'Theory Test 9 Astronomy(
7
th
Practical Test
Astronomy Questions
Time: 90 Minutes Maximum Marks: 34
Instructions:
1. Please write your student code on the cover page as well as on the top right o
every page o answer sheet ! calculations sheets.
". Please write your answers legi#ly. Illegi#le answers will #e counted as incorrect.
$. Please write your inal answers in appropriate #o%es in the main answer sheet.
For numerical questions, show the calculations on lank calculation sheets
!ro"i#e#$
&. 'or numerical (uestions) you may attempt part o the answer even i you don*t
+now the inal result. There will #e stepwise mar+ing.
,. -ou can get as many calculations sheets as you want. .ust raise your hand to as+
or e%tra sheets. The volunteers will #ring e%tra sheets to your ta#le.
/. 0rite (uestion num#er clearly at the top o the calculations sheet.
7. 1ead the entire (uestion group careully #eore starting to answer. Each (uestion
has a point value assigned and indicated on the right hand side o the (uestion.
2. 3ny inappropriate e%amination #ehaviour will result in your withdrawal rom the
IESO.
4ysore) India) Septem#er 11 5 16) "71$ Practical Test 8 3stronomy
7
th
1. Construct a Sundial or 4ysore 9:atitude ; <1"
o
1/* =) :ongitude ; 77
o
$$*E>. -ou can
ignore corrections due to e(uation o time.
4aterials given: a s(uare plastic #oard o si?e o &7 cm % &7 cm) a 1 metre long metal
rod) " nut #olts) a $7 cm scale and mar+er pens to ma+e Sundial mar+ings on the
plastic#oard. @se the ollowing procedure.
To ma+e a simple Sundial) you should ma+e the shadow o the rod all in the e(uatorial
plane. 'or this) push the rod through the hole at the centre o the #oard.
=ow put this device on a lat surace such that it rests on a #oard edge and one end o the
rod. The #oard should #e e%actly perpendicular to the rod. 'or this) i% the nut #olts on
the rod on #oth the sides o the #oard. The other end o rod should #e pointing towards
the north celestial pole. 0rite your student code on the plastic #oard. Show this
arrangement to the e%aminer. %& !oint'
9a> 4easure length o the rod rom the end towards the =orth Celestial Pole to the #oard
and write on the answer sheet. 4ar+ =orth acing and South acing sides o the
#oard with letters ( and ) respectively. %3 !oints'
9#> 4ar+ lines showing the direction o the shadow o the rod on the #oard or the
winter solstice day. 4a+e mar+ings or every " hours. %4 !oints'
9c> 4ar+ the similar lines or summer solstice day. %3 !oints'
9d> 0here do you e%pect the shadow o the rod will #e seen on the e(uino% daysA 0rite
answer as = 9=orth side> ! S 9South side> ! B 9#oth sides> ! C 9neither side>.%& !oint'
". -ou are given a s+y map which shows s+y or "& hours % 1"7 degrees. -ou are also given
a list o all constellations with their I3@ designations. 3ssume that today is the date o
closing ceremony i.e. 16
th
Septem#er "71$ and you are told that it is a ull moon day.
%* !oints each'
9a> 4ar+ the Celestial E(uator on the map at appropriate place. Denote it with letter *Q*.
9#> 4ar+ the Ecliptic 9apparent path o the Sun over one year> on the map at appropriate
place. Denote it with letter *+*.
9c> 4ar+ the Sun*s position on the map or the noon o given day. Denote it with letter
*)*.
9d> 4ar+ the 4oon*s position on the map or the noon o given day. Denote it with letter
*M*.
9e> 0rite the three letter I3@ code o the constellation you will o#serve on the ?enith at
the time o 4oonrise. 4ar+ the position o the ?enith on the map as *,*.
9> 0rite the three letter I3@ code o the constellation you will o#serve on the nadir at
the time o 4oonrise. 4ar+ the position o the nadir on the map as *(*.
7
th
$. Picture 1 shows star trails captured #y an 3stronomy Olympiad student.
9a> Identiy constellation9s> in the picture. 0rite the three letter I3@ code o the
constellation9s> in your answer sheet. There are more than one constellations ! parts
o constellations visi#le in the picture. Identiy as many as you can. %4 !oints'
9#> 0rite the letters rom the ollowing ta#le) corresponding to the stars) i they are
present in the picture. %* !oints'
3. Dene#
B. 1igel
C. Spica
D. Du#he
E. 3lgol
'. 1egulus
E. Dene#ola
F. 4i?ar
I. Betelgeuse
9c> :et us assume that stars num#ered as 1 and " have nearly the same 1ight 3scension
91.3.> 'ind e%posure time o the photograph. %4 !oints'
Picture 1: Photo Credit: 4r. Chiraag .uwe+ar. Ta+en on ",!7$!"71"
7
th
-ist o. /onstellations with IA0 /o#es
(o$ /onstellation /o#e (o$ /onstellation /o#e (o$ /onstellation /o#e
1 3ndromeda 3nd $1 Cygnus Cyg /7 Orion Ori
" 3ntlia 3nt $" Delphinus Del /1 Pavo Pav
$ 3pus 3ps $$ Dorado Dor /" Pegasus Peg
& 3(uarius 3(r $& Draco Dra /$ Perseus Per
, 3(uila 3(l $, E(uuleus E(u /& Phoeni% Phe
/ 3ra 3ra $/ Eridanus Eri /, Pictor Pic
7 3ries 3ri $7 'orna% 'or // Pisces Psc
2 3uriga 3ur $2 Eemini Eem /7 Pisces 3ustrinus Ps3
6 Bootes Boo $6 Erus Eru /2 Puppis Pup
17 Caelum Cae &7 Fercules Fer /6 Py%is Py%
11 Camelopardalis Cam &1 Forologium For 77 1eticulum 1et
1" Cancer Cnc &" Fydra Fya 71 Sagitta Sge
1$ Canes Genatici CGn &$ Fydrus Fyi 7" Sagittarius Sgr
1& Canis 4aHor C4a && Indus Ind 7$ Scorpius Sco
1, Canis 4inor C4i &, :acerta :ac 7& Sculptor Scl
1/ Capricornus Cap &/ :eo :eo 7, Scutum Sct
17 Carina Car &7 :eo 4inor :4i 7/ Serpens Ser
12 Cassiopeia Cas &2 :epus :ep 77 Se%tans Se%
16 Centaurus Cen &6 :i#ra :i# 72 Taurus Tau
"7 Cepheus Cep ,7 :upus :up 76 Telescopium Tel
"1 Cetus Cet ,1 :yn% :yn 27 Triangulum Tri
"" Chamaleon Cha ," :yra :yr 21 Triangulum 3ustrale Tr3
"$ Circinus Cir ,$ 4ensa 4en 2" Tucana Tuc
"& Colum#a Col ,& 4icroscopium 4ic 2$ @rsa 4aHor @4a
", Coma Berenices Com ,, 4onoceros 4on 2& @rsa 4inor @4i
"/ Corona 3ustralis Cr3 ,/ 4usca 4us 2, Gela Gel
"7 Corona Borealis CrB ,7 =orma =or 2/ Girgo Gir
"2 Corvus Crv ,2 Octans Oct 27 Golans Gol
"6 Crater Crt ,6 Ophiucus Oph 22 Gulpecula Gul
$7 Cru% Cru
7
th
This is colour inverted copy o the central part o the picture in the (uestion paper.
Practical Test
Astronomy Answer )heet
1. Sundial
9a> :ength o the rod ; 9d>
". 9e> I3@ code ;
9> I3@ code ;
$. Star Trails
9a> Constellation =ames
9#> Star :etters
9c> E%posure time ;
7
th
7
th
Sheet for numerical calculations (write question number clearly)
7
th
Practical Test
Astronomy Model Answers
1. Sundial
Length of the rod from end to the board = .! cm "7.# cm$
%. "e$ I&' code ( Oph ")e *ill also accept Her - !.7#$
"f$ I&' code ( Lup ")e *ill also accept Ori - !.7#$
+. Star Trails
"a$ UMa "1.# points$, CVn "1 point$, Leo, LMi, Dra "!.# point each$
"b$ Star Letters D, H
"c$ E-posure time = 30 minutes
Numerial Calulations
!uestion "#
$a% &s the rod should point to ./P, length of the rod on the ground side should be
- = %! 0 tan "$ = 1% cm, *here is the latitude.
Thus, the length on the other side is .! cm. "may be 7.# cm, gi2en plastic board is !.# cm thic3$
$& points%
4ar3ing . and S $" point%
$'% *inter solstice mar3ings should be on side mar3ed by S $" point%
4ar3ing local noon shado* line $0() points%
Symmetric mar3ings for other lines at +! degrees $0(* points eah%
$% 5ealising that Summer Solstice mar3ings *ill be on the other side of the board $"(+ points%
&ctual mar3ings for Summer Solstice $"(+ points%
"d$ 6 $" point%
!uestion 3 $%
/onnecting start and end points for trails of a fe* stars "at least +$ and dra*ing their perpendicular
bisectors to find ./P $"(+ points%
4easuring the angle subtended by these trails at the ./P as 7.# degrees "781 degrees accepted$
$" point%
Estimating e-posure time as +! minutes $"(+ point%
4ysore, India, September 11 ( 11, %!1+ Practical Test 8 &stronomy
7
th
4ysore, India, September 11 ( 11, %!1+ Practical Test 8 &stronomy
7
th
Mysuru, India, 11 19 September 2013 1 Theory Test Atmosphere & Hydrosphere

Students Name and Code:
7
th
Instructions:
2. The time allocated for this examination is 75 minutes.
3. Please write your answer legibly, illegible answer will be counted as incorrect.
4. Please write your answer only on this test booklet (English version only). For
countries needing translation, additional question paper in their mother
tongue is provided for reference only.
5. Please circle the most appropriate answer/answers among the given options.
6. Read the entire question group carefully before starting to answer. Marks for
each sub-question are indicated on the right.
7. Some questions need the correct answer/s to be picked, some are true/false
type, some are fill in blanks, and some expect short answers. Answer
appropriately.
8. Any inappropriate examination behavior will result in disqualification.

7
th

Time allotted: 75 minutes Total Marks: 61
1. The figure below shows global freshwater withdrawal as a percentage of total available (see
legend for color code) in the year 1995 and a model projection for the year 2025CE.

Answer the following questions by choosing the correct option: (5 min)
(i) One of the countries in which there is no significant change in water stress between 1995
and 2025 CE is
A. Egypt. 1 mark
B. USA.
C. India.
D. China.
(ii) The reason for the answer of (i) above is 2 marks
A. This country is located near the equator.
B. This country has already limited water resources.

7
th
C. This country has the largest population in the world.
D. This country has a relatively higher growth rate of population.
(iii) Out of the three continents in the southern hemisphere, the most affected is Africa, the
reason being, the continent as a whole 2 marks
A. has the largest fraction of desert area among the three.
B. receives the least rainfall among the three.
C. has the highest population among the three.
D. has more runoff through rivers such as Nile and Congo.
2. Weathering of rocks increases with temperature when more CO
2
is added to the Earth's
atmosphere. What would happen when there is no volcanic eruption on the Earth for millions
of years: 5 min
(i) In addition to the long term climate change caused by changes in the Earth's orbital
parameters, 2 marks
A. the Earth would gradually become warmer because of CO
2
accumulation.
B. the Earth would gradually cool because of consumption of CO
2
for weathering of
rocks.
C. there would be no additional change in the Earth's temperature.
(ii) Water is able to weather rocks because 2 marks
A. it is present in all the three states of matter (i.e., solid ice, liquid water and water
vapour) on the Earth.
B. it is the most abundant compound on the Earths surface.
C. it can dissolve silicates, when it is pure.
D. it is a polar molecule, and in addition, dissolved carbon dioxide makes it acidic.
(iii) In the past (Neoproterozoic times), the whole Earth is believed to have cooled into a
'snowball'. A possible reason could be that 1 mark
A. there were more frequent solar eclipses reducing incoming solar radiation.
B. there were frequent volcanic eruptions throwing aerosols into Earth's atmosphere,
cooling the Earth.
7
th
C. changes in the orbital parameters of the Earth were more severe.
D. there were no volcanic eruptions for a long time, while weathering continued to
consume the atmospheric carbon dioxide.
3. At present the Earth's surface is 70% oceans and 30 % land. If it were 100% oceans and no
land, mark the following sentences as True (T) or False (F) 4 x 1.25 = 5 marks; 5 min
(i) There will be no land breeze and sea breeze ( T / F )
(ii) There will be sea breeze, but no land breeze ( T / F )
(iii) There will be seasonal rainfall in the tropics, but much weaker than at present ( T / F )
(iv) Both hemispheres will have the same season (e.g. summer) at the same time ( T / F )
4. Nansen observed that ice floating in the Arctic Ocean moves at an angle of 45 to the right
of the wind and not along the direction of the wind. Which forces in balance govern the
movement of ice?
2 marks ;2 min
A. attraction of sun, moon and earth
B. wind force, friction and Coriolis force
C. pressure gradient, gravity and Coriolis force
D. winds, molecular friction and gravity

7
th
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
Temperature (deg. C)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
h
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
m
)
A
B
D
C
E
F

5. The figure below shows the variation of temperature with height. 6 x 1 = 6 marks; 5 min

Write the names of the various layers (as marked A to F in the figure above and Column I in Table in the
next page) such as troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere, stratopause and tropopause, in
Column II. Fill each row in column III with one or more of the following (you can leave it blank if there is
7
th
no appropriate option given): Cumulus clouds, cirrus clouds, top of cumulonimbus clouds, noctilucent
clouds, aurorae, and UV absorption by ozone.

I II III
A
B
C
D
E
F

6. (i) The graph below shows a schematic of the evolution of gases H
2
, O
2
, N
2
and CO
2
in the
Earths atmosphere. Match the curves against the gases in the Table in the next page.
4 x 1 = 4 marks; 7 min
.

7
th

A

B

C

D

(ii) Fill in the blank:
According to this, banded iron formation (deposition of iron oxide in the form of bands) in
the Earths History started after around .............................. million years ago 1 mark
7. The mean temperature of the Earth is governed by the overall radiation energy balance, i.e., net
solar radiation absorbed equals the radiation back to space. If S
o
is the solar constant, T the mean
temperature, the albedo, and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, then, which of the following is
the correct representation of this? 2 marks; 3 min
A. (1) S
o
= T
4

B. S
o
= 4 (1)T
4

C. (1) S
o
= 2 T
4

D. (1) S
o
= 4 T
4

8. The Rainfall distribution in two regions P and Q is shown in the Table. 4 min
Monthly Rainfall (mm)
Region Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
P 2 0 1 0 0 125 300 450 250 75 10 7
Q 98 99 102 101 100 115 100 95 105 99 101 105
7
th

Pick out the correct statement/s. 2 marks
A. The interannual variability of rainfall is more at P than at Q.
B. The intra-annual variability of rainfall is more at P than at Q.
C. The average monthly rainfall is about 120 mm at Q.
D. The averages of monthly rainfall over one year at P and Q are the same.
9. Earth is warming due to CO
2
increase. In the tropical belt 30
o
S to 30
o
N, which among the
following statements are true? 2 x 2 = 4 marks; 5 min
A. Largest warming occurs in the atmospheric layer 10-14 km above the surface.
B. Largest warming occurs in the stratosphere.
C. The entire atmospheric column from surface to 50 km height warms.
D. Lower troposphere warms and stratosphere cools.
E. Warming is at the surface and rest of the atmosphere is unaffected.

7
th

10. Write the name the clouds shown below in the Table below 4 x 0.5 = 2 marks; 2 min

A
B
C
D

B A
D
C
7
th
Sea level pressure (hPa)
A
B
C
D

E
F

11. The figure below shows the sea level pressure chart and the figure in the next page, the
geopotential height of 500 hPa level (arbitrary units). Indicate the wind directions by marking
arrows at locations A, B, C, D, and E in the figure below, and G and H in figure in the next page.
8 x 0.5 = 4 marks; 7 min

7
th

12. If the rise in global mean sea level is 55 m due to the melting of Antarctic ice, estimate the
approximate volume of ice. Take the radius of Earth to be ~6720 km. (Assume that the area of the
oceans does not change with sea level and ignore the small difference in densities of ice and
water) 5 marks 10 min

G
H
500 hPa geopotential
height
7
th
13. In an ocean where the temperature of the water column increases only by solar radiation, by
what amount the temperature of a uniformly mixed column of water of depth 100 m would
increase for 50 W m
-2
of radiation incident for a period of 10 hours? The specific heat of water is
4200 J/kg and density is 1025 kg/m
3
2 marks; 3 min

14. Cricket or baseball players are not concerned about Coriolis force deflecting the ball. But an
ocean current flowing from the equator to mid-latitude is deflected by the Coriolis force because:
2 marks; 2 min
A. the cricket ball or baseball is smaller than the Earth.
B. the time of flight of the ball is much shorter than the period of Earths rotation.
C. the Earth is attracted by the sun and the moon, but the cricket ball or baseball is not.
D. the shape of the Earth is not exactly spherical, but the ball is almost spherical.

7
th
15. A tropical cyclone, when moving over tropical ocean becomes more intense, whereas when it
moves over land, it becomes weaker mainly because: 1 mark;
1 min
A. trees and buildings obstruct cyclone movement.
B. evaporation from the sea surface is higher.
C. of higher wind speed over land.
D. of higher precipitation over land.
16. Consider an ocean current that is 200 km wide and 200 m deep flowing with a uniform speed of
1 m s
-1
. How much water is carried by this current in one year? 2 marks; 3 min

7
th
17. Given below two zonal distributions of vertical thermal structure of the equatorial Pacific.
(figures on left and right). Identify which figure corresponds to an El Nino and which is a non-El
Nino year. 2 marks;, 2 min

Left Panel
Right panel

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18. Interactions of the atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and the biosphere
among them lead to many positive and negative feedbacks in the climate system. A positive
feedback is one which helps the agent which caused it to increase and a negative feedback is
one which works against the agent which caused it. Identify the following observations into
positive (+), negative () feedback and no feedback (0). 3 x 1 = 3 marks; 3 min
(i) Higher temperature leading to higher evaporation and so more water vapour in the
troposphere ( + / / 0 )
(ii) Additional ice formation in the polar regions, increasing Earth's albedo. ( + / / 0 )
(iii) Addition of CO
2
to the Earth's atmosphere (e.g., by volcanism), and increasing the
temperature and weathering rate of rocks. ( + / / 0 )
19. The CO
2
that reaches deep parts of the ocean takes about /________ / to return to atmosphere
because\_________\ 2 marks; 2 min

A. /10 years/, \of El Nino and La Nina\
B. /6 months to one year/, \of monsoons\
C. /10000 years/, \there are no currents in the deep ocean\
D. /1000 years/, \deep ocean circulation is slow\
7
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ISEO 2013 Hydrosphere and Atmosphere Theory, Mysuru, India,
Correct Answers and marks
Question
number
Subquestion
number
Correct
answer
Marks
1 (i) A 1
1 (ii) B 2
1 (iii) C 2
2 (i) B 2
2 (ii) D 2
2 (iii) D 1
3 (i) T 1.25
3 (ii) F 1.25
3 (iii) T 1.25
3 (iv) F 1.25
4

- B 2
Question
No.
Subquestion
No.
Answer Answer Answer marks
5 - A Ionosphere Aurorae 0.5+0.5
5 - B Mesosphere Noctilucent
clouds
0.5+0.5
5 - C Stratopause --- 0.5+0.5
5 - D Stratosphere UV absorption
by ozone
0.5+0.5
5 - E Tropopause Top of
cumulonimbus
clouds
0.5+0.5
5 - F Troposphere Cirrus clouds,
cumulus
clouds
0.5+0.5
6 (i) A - N2 1
6 (i) B - CO2 1
6 (i) C - H2 1
6 (i) D - O2 1
6 (ii) - - 2000 1

Question
No
Subquestion
No.
answer marks
7 - D 2
8 - B and D 1 +1
9 - A and D 2+2
10 A Cumulus congestus 0.5
10 B Cumulonimbus 0.5
10 C Cirrus 0.5
10 D Altostratus,
altocumulus
0.5
11 See figures below 8 X 0.5
(For
each
correct
arrow
0.5)
12 - 2.18x 10
16
m
3
Correct
Area 2
Multiply
by70%
2 mark
Volume
1marks
13 - 0.004 C 2
14 - B 2
15 - B 1

Question no. Subquestion No Answer Marks
16 - 1.26 x 10
15
m
3
2
17 - Left El Nino
Right non-El
Nino
1 + 1
18 (i) + 1
18 (ii) + 1
18 (iii) 1
19 D 2
Total marks

At G wind is zero, so no direction
7
th
Mysuru, India, 11 19 September 2013 1 Practical Test Atmosphere


7
th

Instructions:
4. Please write your answer only on this test booklet.
5. You may respond to questions in English. For objective type questions, circle the
most appropriate answer.
6. Read the entire question carefully before starting to answer. Marks for each
question are indicated on the right.

7
th

Instruction to participants about field measurement:
1. Students will be taken to the meteorological observatory located in the
Agricultural farm station at Naganahalli.
2. All participants should wear cap, non-skid shoes, T-shirt and trousers suitable
for carrying out the field experiment.
3. All participants must strictly follow the instruction of the instructor.
4. Care should be taken while climbing the ladder not to slip and also mind your
head not to get hurt while take the reading for wind speed
5. Initial reading for serial number 3 will be announced on the day of the test.

Measurement of the meteorological parameters
The following observations were carried out by the student:
a) Dry bulb temperature
b) Wet bulb temperature
c) Wind speed
d) Wind direction
e) Cloud types

7
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DATA SHEET
1. Name of the Student
2. Student Code
Serial
Number
Parameter Unit Reading
1 Dry bulb temperature Degree Centigrade
2 Wet bulb temperature Degree Centigrade
3 Wind speed Initial Reading=
4 Wind direction Degrees
5 Cloud type

1. Using the above data/observation answer the following questions:
Questions:
a) The wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures differ because (2 marks)
A. They are of different types one is mercury thermometer, the other,
resistance thermometer.
B. Water has a higher specific heat than air.
C. Air has a higher specific heat than water.
D. Water loses energy due to evaporation.
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th

b) Circle the correct option: (2 marks)
A. Evaporation increases with decreasing temperature, and also with
increasing humidity.
B. Evaporation decreases with increasing temperature and humidity.
C. Evaporation decreases with increasing wind speed and temperature.
D. Evaporation increases with increasing wind speed and temperature.

c) What is the wind speed (m/s) and direction measured by you at the met
station you visited? 3 marks

d) Circle the types of cloud that were observed by you at the met station
you visited? 2 marks
A. Cumulus
B. Cirrus
C. Stratus
D. Nimbus
E. Altocumulus
F. Altostratus

7
th

e) The water level in the evaporimeter on 5 September 2013 was 14 cm at
09:00 Hrs. There were two episodes of rain on 7
th
September and 10
th

September with rainfall of 3 cm and 5 cm respectively. If the water level
in the evaporimeter was 19 cm on 11
th
September 2013 , 09:00 Hrs. what
is the average rate of evaporation during the entire period of observation
in mm/hr? 5 marks

7
th

Instruction to participants about field measurement:
1. Students will be taken to the meteorological observatory located in the
Agricultural farm station at Naganahalli.
2. All participants should wear cap, non-skid shoes, T-shirt and trousers suitable
for carrying out the field experiment.
3. All participants must strictly follow the instruction of the instructor.
4. Care should be taken while climbing the ladder not to slip and also mind your
head not to get hurt while take the reading for wind speed
Measurement of the meteorological parameters
The following observations would be carried out by the student:
a) Dry bulb temperature
b) Wet bulb temperature
c) Wind speed
d) Wind direction
e) Cloud types
DATA SHEET
3. Name of the Student
4. Student Code
Serial
Number
Parameter Unit Reading
1 Dry bulb temperature Degree Centigrade
2 Wet bulb temperature Degree Centigrade
3 Wind speed Initial Reading=
4 Wind direction Degrees
5 Cloud type

7
th

1

ISEO 2013 Atmosphere Practical,Mysuru, India,
Question
number
Subquestion
number
Correct answer Marks
1 (a) D 2
1 (b) D 2
1 (c) Final Reading-
Initial
Reading/Duration
3
1 (d) Answer to be
decided
2
1 (e) 0.2 mm/hr
(30/144)
5
Total marks 14

2

7
th

Mysuru, India, 11 19 September 2013 1 Practical Test Hydrosphere

`
7
th


Instructions:
4. Please write your answer only on this test booklet.
5. You may respond to questions in English.
6. Read the entire question carefully before starting to answer. Marks for each
question are indicated on the right.

7
th


Two sets of data pertaining to profiles of temperature, salinity and (density-1000)
from two locations on from the north Indian Ocean are given below. Draw the
vertical distribution of temperature and salinity. Use one graph sheet each to
draw the Data SET-1 and Data SET-2 and answer the following questions.
Data SET-1
Depth
(m)
Temperature
(C)
Salinity
(PSU)
(also parts
per mil)
Density-1000
(kg m
-3
)
0 29.03 31.04 19.09
-10 28.99 31.05 19.10
-20 28.98 31.06 19.11
-30 28.96 32.56 20.35
-40 28.97 33.41 21.80
-50 28.96 34.38 22.98
-75 23.54 34.69 23.94
-90 23.21 34.73 24.56
-100 19.79 34.79 24.98
-125 17.85 34.86 25.57
-150 15.87 34.91 25.71
-200 13.43 34.99 26.30

7
th


Data SET-2
Depth
(m)
Temperature
(C)
Salinity
(PSU)
(also parts
per mil)
Density-1000 (kg m
-3
)
0 26.00 36.54 24.20
-10 25.98 36.53 24.20
-20 25.95 36.53 24.21
-30 25.92 36.53 24.22
-40 25.90 36.51 24.21
-50 25.89 36.52 24.22
-75 25.87 36.5 24.21
-90 23.91 36.3 24.65
-100 21.78 36.14 25.15
-125 20.33 36.03 25.46
-150 18.97 35.94 25.75
-200 17.17 35.93 26.19

Questions:
a) Plot the vertical profiles of temperature and salinity for SET-1 & SET-2 in
the two graph sheets provided. 5 marks

7
th


b) Determine the Mixed layer depth (in m) in SET-1& SET-2? 2 marks
SET-1
SET-2
c) Using the plots you made and the (density-1000) values from the tables, if
needed, determine the thickness of the barrier layer (in m) in SET-1& SET-
2? (barrier layer refers to the depth zone within the isothermal layer
where the salinity increases rapidly). Circle the correct option. 2 marks
A. 30 m for SET-1 and 0 m for SET-2
B. 20 m for SET-1 and 75 m for SET-2
C. 50 m for SET-1 and 75 m for SET-2
D. 10 m for SET-1 and 0 m for SET-2
d) What are the temperature and salinity gradients in the barrier layer for
SET-1 & SET-2 data? 4 marks
A. 0 per m in salinity for SET-1 and 0 per m in temperature for SET-2
B. 0.09 per m in salinity for SET-1 and 0 per m in temperature for
SET-2
C. 0.09 per m in salinity for SET-2 and 0 per m in temperature for
SET-1
D. 0.09 per m in temperature for SET-1 and 0.09 per m in salinity for
SET-2
e) Identify which SET pertains to the Arabian Sea (less river discharge), and
which SET the Bay of Bengal (more river discharge): Write AS for Arabian
Sea and BB for Bay of Bengal, in the appropriate row. 2 marks
SET-1
SET-2

7
th


1

ISEO 2013 Hydrosphere Practical, Mysuru, India,
Question
number
Subquestion
number
Correct answer Marks
1 (a) Each parameter
for each set
plotted
correctly 1 x 4
Neatness and
legibility 1

5
1 (b) 20m SET-1
75m SET-2
2
1 (c) A 2
1 (d) B 4
1 (e) SET-1 BB
SET-2 AS

2
Total marks 15

2

SET-1 SET-2

3

7
th

Student Code:
Mysore, India, September 11-19, 2013 1/18 (Theory Test Geosphere)
Instructions:
1. Please write your name and nationality in English (ALL CAPITAL LETTERS) on the cover page.
2. The time allocated for this examination is TWO hours.
3. Please write your answers legibly with a pen. Illegible answers will be counted as incorrect.
4. Please write your answers only on the test booklet provided.
5. You may respond to questions either in English or your native language, or a combination of both.
6. Please choose the most appropriate answer by encircling the letter that corresponds to the answer.
Choosing more than one answer would result in forfeit of point.
7. Read the entire question group carefully before starting to answer. Each question has a point value
assigned and indicated on the right hand side of the question for example, (1 or 3).
8. For some questions, you will be asked to provide your answers corresponding to a figure. Please do
so carefully.
9. Any inappropriate examination behavior will result in your withdrawal from the IESO.

7
th

Student Code:
1000 km
WRITTEN TEST IN GEOSPHERE

Q.No. Questions Points

Questions 1 to 10 correspond to Figure 1.

Figure 1

1 What is the correct order (older to younger) of the formation of the rocks? (3)
a) C,D,B,A,E+(H,G,F)
b) C,B,E,H,A,F,E,D
c) C,F,B,A,E +(H,G,D)
d) H,G,F,E,C,D,B,A

2 Which types of faults are presented in the Figure 1? (1)
a) Reverse faults
b) Extension faults
c) Transform faults
d) Strike slip faults

7
th

Student Code:
3 Which type of tectonic setting is presented in the Figure 1? (1)
a) Subduction
b) Collision
c) Rifting
d) Transform

4 Which type of fossil should NOT be expected in unit A? (1)
a) Stromatolite
b) Fossil wood
c) Ammonite
d) Echinoderms

5 Which mineral is expected to be found in layer G? (1)
a) Halite
b) Calcite
c) Quartz
d) Clay

6 The red sandstone in layer B is cemented by: (1)
a) Copper
b) Quartz
c) Calcite
d) Iron

7 Cross bedding is most likely to be expected in layers: (1)
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

8 Which of the following rocks is a result of interaction between the Hydrosphere
and the Biosphere:
(2)
a) Sandstone
b) Salt
c) Limestone
d) Granite

7
th

Student Code:
9 The hydrosphere processes that affect various rocks in the section is seen in : (2)
a) All the rocks
b) All the rocks except granite and rhyolite
c) Limestone, marl and salt
d) Sandstone, conglomerate and limestone

10 Which of the earth systems (spheres) is active in producing salt deposits? (2)
a) Hydrosphere and biosphere
b) Geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
c) Geosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere
d) Atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere

Questions 11 to 13 corresponds to Figure 2.
This is a schematic diagram of a typical cross-section of an ocean

Figure 2

11 How many plates are present in the Figure above? (2)
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

12 Which type of rock could be formed in Region A? (1)
a) Basalt, obsidian and chert
b) Sandstone and basalt
c) Clay and chert
d) Mostly basalt

7
th

Student Code:
13 Beneath which regions of the section can one expect volcanism? (1)
a) C and E
b) A and C
c) B and D
d) B and A

Questions 14 to 19 corresponds to Figure 3.
Shown in the Figure 3 are sedimentary rock sections from two different
continents X and Y. The names of the rock strata are provided at the left.
Different symbols represent fossils as shown in the legend at the right. The
fossils are given hypothetical names. Each type of fossil represents a specific
geologic time.

Figure 3

14 Which of the following pair represents similar age: (2)
a) G and R
b) A and L
c) D and P
d) B and P

7
th

Student Code:
15 Which of the following statement is true? (2)
a) O is younger than D
b) A is older than L
c) N and C are of same age
d) O is older than D

16 Which of the following animal group appeared earliest in the history of these
continents?
(1)
a) Ac
b) Tr
c) Mc
d) An

17 Vt represents a terrestrial animal that cannot swim. How would you explain the
occurrence of Vt fossil in both the continents, if there is a vast ocean between
continent X and Y today?
(2)
a) Vt appeared independently in both the continents
b) The continents were connected when Vt was alive
c) Vt developed an ability of swimming and later lost it.
d) b and c

18 E represents an ash layer containing a radioactive isotope with half life of 100
Ma (million years). The ratio of parent to daughter isotope is found to be 1/8 in
E. What is the age of the strata E?
(3)
a) 200 Ma
b) 300 Ma
c) 400 Ma
d) 800 Ma

19 If the absolute age of each strata is denoted by t
strata.
Please find out which of the
following statement is true? (> means greater than)
(3)
a) t
C
>t
D
> t
F

b) t
D
>t
N
>t
L

c) t
P
>t
Q
> t
R

d) t
O
>t
D
> t
Q

7
th

Student Code:
Continent X Continent Y

Questions 20-21 correspond to figure 4.

Figure 4

20 A, B, M and Q are fossils occurring in rock strata of Continent X and Continent
Y. If you want to correlate these two rock successions which fossil would you
choose as the best index fossil?
(2)
a) A
b) B
c) M
d) Q

21 What makes it the best index fossil? (2)
a) It is present in one rock unit only
b) It is present in more than one rock unit
c) It is present in rocks of both continents,
d) a and c

22 What part of the timescale does a rock represent if it contains fish fossil,
trilobites and brachiopod?
(1)
a) Paleozoic
b) Mesozoic,
c) Proterozoic,
d) Cenozoic

7
th

Student Code:

23 Rivers carry salt and deposit them to the ocean at a specific rate R
Salt
per year.
The concentration of salt in one unit of ocean water is C
Salt.
The evaporation rate
is R
Evap
, the total volume of ocean water is V
Ocean
, the total volume of river water
is V
River
. If you want to calculate the age of the ocean, which of the following
data are necessary?
(3)
a) R
Salt,
C
Salt,
V
Ocean

b) R
Evap,
V
River,
C
Salt

c) R
Evap,
V
River,
R
Salt,

d) R
Salt,
C
Salt,
R
Evap,

24 Global warming causes sea level increase because it facilitates the following
factor.
(1)
a) Melting of floating ice berg
b) Melting of continental ice sheet
c) Increasing the oceanic circulation
d) a and b

25 As we move away from mid-oceanic ridge under the sediment, we encounter
progressively
(1)
a) Younger and lighter rocks
b) Older and lighter rocks
c) Older and denser rocks
d) Denser rocks of same age

26 Which of the following DOES NOT qualify as a mineral (1)
a) Halite,
b) Sugar crystal,
c) Natural ice crystal,
d) Pyroxene

27 The volcanic eruptions are commonly situated along subduction zones. The most
common composition of the magma here is
a) Andesitic
b) Basaltic
c) Rhyolitic
d) Peridotitic

(1)

7
th

Student Code:
28 The most violent of the volcanic eruptions are commonly related to
the_____________ magma.
e) Andesitic
f) Basaltic
g) Rhyolitic
h) Peridotitic

(1)
29 The Figure 5 below represents a map with volcanoes. Volcano A is active today
and volcano H is the oldest. The volcanoes in between follow the similar age
progression. If the volcanoes are a result of hotspot on a moving plate, what is
the right progression of movement of this particular plate?
(2)

Figure 5

a) N-NE-NW
b) SE-SW-S
c) S-SW-SE
d) NW-NE-N

7
th

Student Code:
30 Figures 6 a to c represent different degrees of sorting and rounding of grains in a
sedimentary rock indicative of distance of transport. Which of the answers is
correct?

Figure 6
(1)
a) A is transported over longer distance than B and C respectively.
b) B is transported over longer distance than C and A respectively.
c) C is transported over longer distance than B and A respectively.

31 Why was Wegeners continental drift theory initially rejected? (1)
a) Absence of data on deep sea features
b) Absence of a mechanism for motion of continents
c) Ignorance of distribution of volcanoes
d) Absence of paleomagnetic data

32 It is a well established fact that Earth is constantly cooling. Where is the heat
flow maximum?
(1)
a) Mid-oceanic ridges
b) Subduction zones
c) Fold mountains
d) Precambrian Shield areas

33 Following the above question, which of the processes is responsible for heat
loss?
(1)
a) Under thrusting of plates
b) Formation of mountains
c) Pouring out of lava
d) Metamorphism

7
th

Student Code:
34 This crystalline rock contains coarse grains of feldspar, quartz and mica -
i. Name the rock (1)
a) Gabbro
b) Granite
c) Basalt
d) Diorite

35 It is glassy, has conchoidal fracture, it comes in different colours and it is
extrusive in nature. What is it?
(1)
a) Basalt
b) Pumice
c) Obsidian
d) Chert

The upper mantle and the crust make up a major tectonic feature of our earth.
Answer the following questions in relation to this feature.

36 i. What is it called? (1)
a) Lithosphere
b) Asthenosphere
c) Mesosphere

37 ii. What is the physical state of this layer of the Earth? (1)
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Plastic
d) Brittle

7
th

Student Code:

Figure 7

38 Match the numbered features of geologic structures (in normal position) in
Figure 7 to the correct terms on the right.
(3)

1
2
3
4
5
6
List of Answers
A Hinge line of anticline
B Hinge line of syncline
C Anticline
D Youngest rock exposed on surface
G Oldest rock exposed on surface
I Syncline

1
1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
7 M G
Dip of
fault
plane
8 P H
Hinge
Line
2
1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
7 M G
Dip of
fault
3
1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
7 M G
Dip of
fault
plane
8 P H
Hinge
Line
11 T K
Strike of
fault
plane
6 W F
Hinge line
of
plunging
syncline

4
1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
7 M G
Dip of
fault
plane
8 P H
Hinge
Line
11 T K
Strike of
fault
plane
6 W F
Hinge line
of
plunging
syncline

5
1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
7 M G
Dip of
fault
plane
8 P H
Hinge
Line
11 T K
Strike of
fault
plane
6 W F
Hinge line
of
plunging
syncline

6
1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
7 M G
Dip of
fault
plane
8 P H
Hinge
Line
11 T K
Strike of
fault
plane
6 W F
Hinge line
of
plunging
syncline

1 A
Footwall
block

2 B
Hinge line
of
anticline
13 M Anticline
16 P
Youngest
rock
exposed
on
surface
20 T
Oldest
rock
exposed
on
surface
23 W Syncline
10 B J
Oldest
formation
of
plunging
structure
9 E I
Hinge line
of
plunging
anticline
Dip of

7
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Student Code:

Figure 8

39 Match the numbered features of geologic structures in Figure 7 to the correct
terms on the right.
(3)

1
2
3
4
5
6

List of Answers
A Footwall block
B Hanging Wall
C Strike of fault plane
D Hanging Wall block
E
F
Footwall
Dip direction of the fault plane

7
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Student Code:
40 Based on the various processes acting on different rocks that is indicated on the
arrows, mark the type of rocks in the boxes given in Figure 9.
(3)

Figure 9
W Weathering, E Erosion, T Transportation, D Deposition,
L Lithification , T Temperature, P Pressure, F Fluid, M Melting,
C - Crystallization
a) 1=Igneous rock, 2=Metamorphic rock, 3=Sedimentary rock
b) 3=Igneous rock, 2=Metamorphic rock, 1=Sedimentary rock
c) 2=Igneous rock, 3=Metamorphic rock, 1=Sedimentary rock

7
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Student Code:

Figure 10

41 Match the numbers on the Figure 10 above to the appropriate terms or
descriptions below.

1 Region indicated by #1
4 Type of Seismic Waves
5 Another type of Seismic Waves
6 Density of region #6
7 Phenomenon observed in region#7
8 Density of the Outer C ore
9 Density of the Inner C ore
10 Region #10

List of Answers
A S-Waves
B P-Waves
C Low-Velocity Zone
D 5.5 gram per cubic centimeter
E 10 - 12 gram per cubic centimeter
F 12 - 13 gram per cubic centimeter
G Solid Inner C ore
H Upper Mantle
I Lithosphere
J S-waves cannot penetrate liquid outer core
(10)

7
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Student Code:
42 Which one of the following statements is true? (2)
a) Both gravity and magnetic field decreases with increase in the latitude.
b) Both gravity and magnetic field increases with increase in the latitude.
c) Gravity field increases with the latitude whereas the magnetic field
decreases with latitude
d) Gravity field decreases with the latitude whereas the magnetic field
increases with latitude

43 Which one of the following statements is true? (>means greater than and <
means less than respectively.)

a. Conductivity of ocean water < Conductivity of ground water <
conductivity of rain water
b. Conductivity of ocean water < Conductivity of ground water
>conductivity of rain water
c. Conductivity of ocean water > Conductivity of ground water <
d. Conductivity of ocean water > Conductivity of ground water >

44 With respect to the Figure 11 which of the following options is correct? (> means
greater than and < means less than)

Figure 11
(1)
a) Elevation at A > Elevation at B > Elevation at C
b) Elevation at A > Elevation at B < Elevation at C
c) Elevation at A < Elevation at B > Elevation at C
d) Elevation at A < Elevation at B < Elevation at C

7
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Student Code:
45 An earthquake was recorded at stations X, and Y which are at 50 km, and 200
km respectively from the epicenter. Which of the following statement is correct?
(1)
a. Magnitude is less at station X whereas intensity is more at station X
b. Magnitude and intensity are more at station X than at station Y
c. Magnitude is same at both the stations whereas intensity is more at
station X
d. Magnitude is same at both the stations whereas intensity is more at
station Y

46 If the depth is reduced from 10 km to 1 km the hydrostatic pressure will (1)
a. Increase by 10 times
b. Increases by 100 times
c. Decrease by 10 times
d. Decreases by 100 times

47 Statement I: Earth is not a perfect sphere
Statement II: Gravitational acceleration would not be constant over the earths
surface

(1)
a. Statements I and II are correct , Statement II follows Statement I
b. Statements I and II are correct , Statement I follows Statement II
c. Statements I and II are incorrect
d. Only statement I is correct

48 If the moon had never existed, one of the following statements is INCORRECT. (1)
a) The length of the day would have been shorter
b) The tilt of the Earths axis would vary more
c) There would be no tides on Earth
d) It would be much darker at night all the year round

7
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Student Code:
49 The summer in the northern hemisphere is warmer than the southern hemisphere,
in spite of the fact that the Earth is farthest from the sun. This is because:
(1)
A. During northern summer the North Pole is tilted toward the sun.
B. There is more land in the northern hemisphere.
C. Earth moves slowly at aphelion than at perihelion.
D. During northern summer the days are shorter than in winter.

Choose the correct answer from the following options.

a) A and B are correct
b) C and D are correct
c) B and C are correct
d) A and D are correct

50 If a topographic profile is drawn along line X-Y, the profile will be similar in
shape to

Figure 12
(1)
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

GEOSPHERE WRITTEN TEST ANSWER KEY
Q. No. Answer Marks
1 A 3
2 B 1
3 C 1
4 B 1
5 A 1
6 D 1
7 B 1
8 C 2
9 A 2
10 B 2
11 C 2
12 D 1
13 D 1
14 C 2
15 A 2
16 B 1
17 B 2
18 B 3
19 B 3
20 D 2
21 D 2
22 A 1
23 A 3
24 B 1
25 C 1
26 B 1
27 A 1
28 C 1
29 D 2
30 B 1
31 B 1
32 A 1
33 C 1
34 B 1
35 C 1
36 A 1
37 A 1
38 1 I

3
2 C
3 D
4 B
5 A
6 G
39 1 C

3
2 F
3 A
4 D
5 B
6 E
40 A 3
41 1 I

10
2 C
3 H
4 A
5 B
6 D
7 J
8 E
9 F
10 G
42 B 2
43 D 1
44 A 1
45 C 1
46 C 1
47 A 1
48 C 1
49 C 1
50 A 1
TOTAL 84

7
th
International Earth Science Olympiad Student Code
Mysore, India, September 11-19, 2013 (Practical Test Geosphere)
7
th
GEOSPHERE PRACTICAL TEST
PART 1 INFOSYS CAMP

EXERCISE #1
Study the set of samples in locations 1 4 and answer the following five questions. Time: 40
MINUTES (20 POINTS)
Instructions: Complete the following 5 questions based on the rock sample provided.
Location 1:
1. Which of the following features can you observe in the sample? (You may choose more than 1
answer).
1. Fossil
2. Cross bedding
3. Horizontal bedding
4. Crystalline structure
5. A multi-minerallic rock (more than one mineral)
6. A mono-minerallic rock (one mineral)
7. Lineation (Elongated minerals are arranged in a parallel manner)
8. Foliation (Marked with bands of different minerals)
9. Vesicular structure
10. Minerals cannot be seen with the naked eye
11. Glassy texture
2. What conclusion(s) can you draw about the formation of this rock sample? (You may choose more
than 1 answer).
a) This rock formed in a shallow marine environment.
b) This rock formed in an open sea environment.
c) This rock formed in a deep sea environment.
d) Sedimentation in an oversaturated environment.
e) Sedimentation in a cave environment.
f) This rock formed in a lake environment.
g) This rock formed in a river environment.
h) This rock formed in a dune environment.
i) This rock formed in an (igneous) plutonic environment.
j) This rock formed in an (igneous) volcanic environment.
7
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k) This rock underwent regional metamorphism.
l) This rock underwent contact metamorphism.
3. What observation/ principle helped you draw the conclusion? (You may choose more than 1
answer).
a) The principle of original horizontality.
b) The principle of the present is the key to the past.
c) The principle of superposition.
d) The size of a mineral crystal in an igneous rock is dependent on the rate of cooling.
e) Slow cooling of magma occurs when the surrounding temperature is relatively high.
f) Fast cooling of magma occurs when the surrounding temperature is relatively low.
g) The temperature is relatively high at deeper levels of the crust.
h) The temperature is relatively low towards the surface of the crust.
i) The pressure is relatively high deep in the crust.
j) Linear minerals grow with a parallel orientation under conditions of high pressure.
k) Rocks can behave elastically under conditions of high pressure and high temperature.
l) The roundness of a grain is a result of both the distance of transport and hardness of the
mineral.
m) Cross bedding structure is a result of sedimentation by moving air (wind) or water.
n) Sedimentation in a river environment leads to all the layers inclined in the same direction
and the thickness of the layers is on the order of a few tens of centimeters.
o) Sedimentation in a wind environment leads to inclination of the layers in different directions
and the thickness of the layers is on the order of meters.

4. Which processes are directly relevant to the formation of the sample? (You may choose more
than 1 answer).
a) Sedimentation
b) Uplift
c) Erosion
d) Weathering
7
th
e) Burial
f) Lithification
g) Melting
h) Slow crystallization
i) Fast crystallization
j) Regional metamorphism
k) Contact metamorphism
5. Which of the following Earth Systems are involved in the formation and exposure of the rock?.
(Note: Choose only ONE response, which represents all the systems that DIRECTLY influenced the
formation AND exposure of the sample).
a) Geosphere and Atmosphere.
b) Geosphere and Hydrosphere.
c) Geosphere and Biosphere.
d) Hydrosphere and Atmosphere.
e) Hydrosphere and Biosphere.
f) Atmosphere and Biosphere.
g) Geosphere and Atmosphere and Hydrosphere.
h) Geosphere and Atmosphere and Biosphere.
i) Geosphere and Hydrosphere and Biosphere.
j) Hydrosphere and Atmosphere and Biosphere.
k) Geosphere and Atmosphere and Hydrosphere and Biosphere.
Location 2:
answer).
1. Fossil
2. Cross bedding
7
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11. Glassy texture
than 1 answer).
answer).
7
th
mineral.

than 1 answer).
a) Sedimentation
b) Uplift
c) Erosion
d) Weathering
e) Burial
f) Lithification
g) Melting
7
th
Location 3:
answer).
1. Fossil
2. Cross bedding
11. Glassy texture
than 1 answer).
7
th
answer).
mineral.

than 1 answer).
a) Sedimentation
b) Uplift
c) Erosion
7
th
d) Weathering
e) Burial
f) Lithification
g) Melting
Location 4:
answer).
1. Fossil
2. Cross bedding
7
th
11. Glassy texture
than 1 answer).
answer).
7
th
mineral.

than 1 answer).
a) Sedimentation
b) Uplift
c) Erosion
d) Weathering
e) Burial
f) Lithification
g) Melting
7
th

EXERCISE #2
Measure and record the strike and dip of the inclined plane at location 5 & 6. Time: 10 minutes (10
POINTS)

EXERCISE #3
Measure the porosity of sand using the apparatus provided at location 7. Time: 15 minutes (10
POINTS).

7
th
7
th
GEOSPHERE PRACTICAL TEST
PART 2 LOCATION: KARIGHATTA

Instructions: Study the rocks at locations 1 to 4 and answer the following questions.
Please surrender your papers with the answers marked to the mentor on site before you get
into the bus. (Time 30 minutes; 20 points).
answer).
12. Fossil
13. Cross bedding
22. Glassy texture
than 1 answer).
m) This rock formed in a shallow marine environment.
n) This rock formed in an open sea environment.
o) This rock formed in a deep sea environment.
p) Sedimentation in an oversaturated environment.
q) Sedimentation in a cave environment.
r) This rock formed in a lake environment.
s) This rock formed in a river environment.
t) This rock formed in a dune environment.
u) This rock formed in an (igneous) plutonic environment.
v) This rock formed in an (igneous) volcanic environment.
w) This rock underwent regional metamorphism.
x) This rock underwent contact metamorphism.
7
th
answer).
p) The principle of original horizontality.
q) The principle of the present is the key to the past.
r) The principle of superposition.
s) The size of a mineral crystal in an igneous rock is dependent on the rate of cooling.
t) Slow cooling of magma occurs when the surrounding temperature is relatively high.
u) Fast cooling of magma occurs when the surrounding temperature is relatively low.
v) The temperature is relatively high at deeper levels of the crust.
w) The temperature is relatively low towards the surface of the crust.
x) The pressure is relatively high deep in the crust.
y) Linear minerals grow with a parallel orientation under conditions of high pressure.
z) Rocks can behave elastically under conditions of high pressure and high temperature.
aa) The roundness of a grain is a result of both the distance of transport and hardness of the
mineral.
bb) Cross bedding structure is a result of sedimentation by moving air (wind) or water.
cc) Sedimentation in a river environment leads to all the layers inclined in the same direction
dd) Sedimentation in a wind environment leads to inclination of the layers in different directions

than 1 answer).
l) Sedimentation
m) Uplift
n) Erosion
o) Weathering
p) Burial
q) Lithification
7
th
r) Melting
s) Slow crystallization
t) Fast crystallization
u) Regional metamorphism
v) Contact metamorphism
l) Geosphere and Atmosphere.
m) Geosphere and Hydrosphere.
n) Geosphere and Biosphere.
o) Hydrosphere and Atmosphere.
p) Hydrosphere and Biosphere.
q) Atmosphere and Biosphere.
r) Geosphere and Atmosphere and Hydrosphere.
s) Geosphere and Atmosphere and Biosphere.
t) Geosphere and Hydrosphere and Biosphere.
u) Hydrosphere and Atmosphere and Biosphere.
v) Geosphere and Atmosphere and Hydrosphere and Biosphere.

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