0

MC2010:
The Critical Shear Crack Theory as a mechanical
model for punching shear design and its
application to code provisions
Prof. Dr Aurelio Muttoni
Dr Miguel Fernndez Ruiz
cole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland
1
Load test 1909
Claude A. P. Turner (1869 1955)
Load test 1908
Robert Maillart (1872-1940)
Introduction
2
Introduction
3
Geneva, Switzerland, 1976
Bluche,
Switzerland,
1981
Wolverhampton, UK, 1997
Cagliari, Italy,
2004
Introduction
4
Introduction
Design based on empirical formulas
without taking into account size-
effect
No shear reinforcement, no integrity
reinforcement
Brittleness
Gretzenbach, Switzerland, 2004
5
Introduction
Jonen, Switzerland, 2007
(Photo courtesy HALFEN AG, Switzerland)
Need for a mechanical model for slabs
without and with shear reinforcement
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
0% 100% 200% 300% 400%
Deformation capacity
F
o
r
c
e
Without punching shear reinforcement
With punching shear
reinforcement
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
0% 100% 200% 300% 400%
Deformation capacity
F
o
r
c
e
Without punching shear reinforcement
With punching shear
reinforcement
6
Introduction
1. Development of a mechanical model:
the Critical Shear Crack Theory
2. Extensive validation by testing
7
The CSCT: experimental verification in Lausanne
28
102
7
3
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
e
s
t
s

8
The CSCT: experimental verification in Lausanne
28
102
7
3
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
e
s
t
s

9
The CSCT: experimental verification in Lausanne
28
102
7
3
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
e
s
t
s

10
The CSCT: experimental verification in Lausanne
28
102
7
3
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
e
s
t
s

11
The CSCT: experimental verification in Lausanne
28
102
7
3
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
125 250 320 400 500
Thickness [mm]
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
e
s
t
s

Total #: 141 tests
12
Fundamentals of the CSCT
y
Walraven J.C. 1981, Fundamental Analysis of
Aggregate Interlock, Journal of the Structural
Division, Vol. 107, No. 11, pp. 2245 2270.
extreme
parameters
13
Fundamentals of the CSCT
Muttoni A., 2008, Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs without
transverse reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No 4, pp. 440-450
theoretical model based
on aggregate interlock
simplified failure
criterion
14
Fundamentals of the CSCT: punching shear design
Average
Characteristic
Muttoni A., 2008, Punching shear strength of reinforced
concrete slabs without transverse reinforcement, ACI
Structural Journal, V. 105, No 4, pp. 440-450
Load-rotation curve
Failure criterion
y
R
V
R
15
Physical model: application to non-symmetrical cases (moment transfer)
Evaluation of w accounting
for transfer moment (m
sd
)
Shear field and shear forces
along control perimeter
16
Physical model: application to non-symmetrical cases (moment transfer)
MC 2010
EC 2
17
Physical model: application to non-symmetrical cases (moment transfer)
Vocke, H, 2002, Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken
im Bereich von Rand- und Ecksttzen, PhD. thesis,
University of Stuttgart, 228 p.
18
Physical model: application to non-symmetrical cases (moment transfer)
Vocke, H, 2002, Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken
im Bereich von Rand- und Ecksttzen, PhD. thesis,
University of Stuttgart, 228 p.
19
Physical model: application to bridge deck slabs
Avg: 1.07; CoV: 13%
Vaz Rodrigues, R., Fernndez Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2008,
Punching shear strength of R/C bridge cantilever slabs,
Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Vol. 30, No. 11, pp. 3024-3033
20
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs
Fernndez Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2009, Applications of the
critical shear crack theory to punching of R/C slabs with
transverse reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 106, No. 4,
2009, pp. 485-494
21
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs (2
nd
failure mode)
22
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs (2
nd
failure mode)
23
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs
Fernndez Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., Kunz, J., 2010,
Strengthening of flat slabs against punching shear
using post-installed shear reinforcement, ACI
Structural Journal, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 434-442
24
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs (3
rd
failure mode)
25
Physical model: application to shear-reinforced slabs
Fernndez Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., 2009,
Applications of the critical shear crack theory
to punching of R/C slabs with transverse
reinforcement, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 106,
No. 4, 2009, pp. 485-494
26
Physical model: retrofitting
27
Physical model: retrofitting
28
Physical model: retrofitting
29
Physical model: fibre-reinforced concrete
30
Physical model: fibre-reinforced concrete
Voo, J.Y.L. and Foster, S.J., 2004, Tensile Fracture of Fibre
Reinforced Concrete: Variable Engagement Model, Sixth
Rilem Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC),
Varenna, Italy, 20-22 September, pp. 875-884
31
Code provisions
MC-2010: 8 pages (with commentary)
32
Code provisions
MC-2010: 8 pages (with commentary)
EC-2: 10 pages
33
NMC-Calculation of Load-rotation curve: Levels-of-Approximation approach
Preliminary design
Typical design
Assessment of existing
structures, design of
special cases
Schertenleib P., Muttoni A., Schwartz J., 2003, Pices comprimes,
Documentation SIA, D 0182 Introduction la norme SIA 262,
Zrich, Switzerland, pp. 67-77
34
NMC: Levels-of-Approximation approach
Level I of approximation
http://ibeton.epfl.ch/MC2010Punching
35
NMC: Levels-of-Approximation approach
Level II of approximation
36
37
Conclusions
The CSCT is grounded on a consistent mechanical model and
has been checked against extensive experimental data
The accuracy of the mechanical parameters can be
progressively refined in various levels of approximation
The theory can be easily adapted to unusual cases, providing
the designer with a clear understanding of the structural
behaviour
The CSCT can be consistently used to investigate and to design
shear-reinforced and fibre-reinforced slabs
The theory can be implemented efficiently into design codes
38
Coefficient k
e
39
Influence of transfer moments
s
i d i d
d
sd
b
e V M
V
m

2 8
,
40
Fibre-reinforced concrete
41
CSCT vs. other codes (1/2)
42
CSCT vs. other codes (2/2)
43
Crushing strength (1/2)
44
Crushing strength (2/2)
45
Influence of column size
V
y
46
Slabs with punching shear reinforcement (crushing of concrete struts)
MC-90, EC-2