Tank Spreadsheet 3/23/2010

Instructions to Users
Guidelines
>The tank turnover time and mixing calculations are not applicable for every tank. The following are guidelines for these calculations:
>Care should be taken to apply these calculations in the following cases:
-- If you do not know the configuration of the tank inlet or if you do not know if there are any baffles inside the tank.
-- If the inlet is located near the tank wall, mixing will be reduced.
-- If the age of the water entering the tank is significantly old, the turnover time will not approximate the total water age in the tank.
Date Modified: Modifications & By Whom:
10/24/2003 LDD modified tank worksheets to simplify data entry requirements. Provided space for up to 15 tank fill periods.
9/13/2004 MWS added guidelines
10/6/2004 MWS added Data Summary worksheet
12/13/2004 MWS added Summary, Prioritization, and Analysis worksheets. Also revised Data Input worksheet's error in turnover time calculations.
1/27/2005 MWS added calculations for rectangular tanks. Made minor modifications to all sheets for increased functionality.
-- Tanks that operate in a fill/ draw mode
-- Tank inlets oriented horizontally or vertically.
-- Tanks that operate in a fill/ draw mode
-- Tanks with any inlet orientation and baffling
Turnover Time Calculation CANNOT Be Used On:
-- If the tank is baffled or has pillars.
-- Flow-through tanks (tanks operating with
simultaneous inflow and outflow)
-- Irregular-shaped tanks.
-- Cylindrical, rectangular, or hydropillar tanks or certain
tanks having SCADA that report changes in volume
(i.e., elliptical or spherical)
-- Under neutrally buoyant conditions (no temperature
difference between the inlet water and tank water)
Tank Mixing Assessment CANNOT Be Done On:
-- Under any buoyancy conditions (temperature
differences between the inlet water and tank water)
>In situations where the tank is not well mixed or when the mixing calculations cannot be used, the tank turnover time calculations only show the average turnover
time of the tank. There may be much older "dead-zones" of water in the tank.
-- If the temperature difference between the water coming into the tank and the water in the tank is significantly different. This may decrease tank mixing due to
buoyancy.
-- Flow-through tanks (tanks operating with
simultaneous inflow and outflow)
>The purpose of this spreadsheet is to summarize tank characteristics, assess water storage tank turnover time and mixing, and determine operational strategies to
improve turnover time and mixing.
>Enter information into the Summary worksheet about the storage tanks.
>Enter data into the Tank worksheets for the storage tanks in the distribution system. Tank diameter, inlet diameter, and water level changes over a period of time
are required inputs. Water system SCADA data is typically used to determine the changes in tank water levels.
>If the tank mixing calculations (in the Tank worksheet) determine that mixing is poor, the Mixing Analysis should be used to determine solutions to improve mixing.
>If the tank turnover time calculations (in the Tank worksheet) determine that turnover time is high, the Turnover Time Analysis should be used to determine
operational changes to improve turnover time.
-- Tanks with a submerged inlet.
-- Cylindrical, rectangular, or hydropillar tanks or tanks
having SCADA that report changes in volume
-- Tanks with any inlet/outlet configuration
Tank Mixing Assessment CAN Be Done On: Turnover Time Calculation CAN Be Used On:
Instructions:
I. Tank Characteristics (See Glossary worksheet for illustrations of Tank Characteristics)
**Data must be entered into this section for the spreadsheet to function.
**Do not enter tank dimensions if the tank is NOT cylindrical, rectangular, or hydropillar.
**Hydropillar tanks can be approximated as cylindrical tanks depending on their operating range. See glossary for illustration.
Tank #1 Tank #2 Tank #3 Tank #4 Tank #5 Tank #6 Tank #7 Tank #8 Tank #9 Tank #10
A.
B.
C.
D1.
D2.
E1.
E2.
E3.
F.
G.
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
The remaining data is automatically calculated based on the data entered above:
Are the turnover time calculations applicable?
3
no no no no no no no no no no
Are the mixing equations applicable?
4
no no no no no no no no no no
II. Tank Calculations (from Tank Data Input worksheets)
Turnover Time (days)
Mixing Performance Ratio (Measured/ Desired)
Notes:
1. Hydropillar tanks can be approximated as cylindrical tanks depending on their operating range. See glossary for illustration.
2. In flow-through operation water is simultaneously coming into the tank and leaving the tank. In fill-draw operation water is can either be filling the tank or drawing from
the tank at any one time (this is typical of most tanks).
H/D ratio
3. If the tank operates flow-through the turnover time calculations are not applicable.
**If data is missing the reason could be that the tank mixing equations may not be applicable or the tank may not be cylindrical, hydropillar, rectangular, or have SCADA that reports
volume rather than level.
Tank Summary
2. After completing section I, go to the tank worksheets entitled "Tank #1", "Tank #2", etc. Enter the operational data in Step 1 of the worksheet. Once the data is entered in Step 1, proceed to
Step 2 and 3, if appropriate.
3. If the tank calculations in Step 1 determine that turnover time and/or mixing is poor, Step 2 and 3 of the tank worksheet will determine possible ways to improve tank operations. The
calculations analyze current operations and develop operational solutions to decrease water age and increase mixing in the tank.
1. Enter tank characteristics into section I below. Section II and III will be populated automatically when data is entered into the tank worksheets. NOTE: Data inputted by the user are shown
in red. Data must be entered into section I for the spreadsheet to function.
If SCADA/ telemetry is reported in volume,
are the tank mixing equations applicable - see note 4 (y/n)?
Name of Tank
Volume (MG)
Is the tank Cylindrical (C), Rectangular (R),
Hydropillar
1
(H), or None of these (n)?
Does the SCADA/ telemetry report tank level
in volume (y/n)?
If the SCADA/ telemetery reports tank level in feet answer question C, then
answer questions E, F, and G. If the SCADA/ telemetry does not report the
tank level in feet, answer "n" in question C and then answer questions D1, D2,
E3, F, and G.
4. The mixing calculations are applicable if the tank shape is cylindrical, rectangular, elliptical, or a hydropillar AND the tank operates fill-draw. The mixing calculations are
not applicable if the tank operates flow-through OR the tank is irregularly shaped.
(all tanks) Is the tank operated fill-draw (fd) or flow-through
2
(ft)?
(if cylindrical/hydropillar/) Tank diameter or
(if rectangular) Longest Sidewall length, D (ft)
(If rectangular) Shortest Sidewall length, L (ft)
(all tanks) Inlet Diameter, d (ft)
(all tanks) Maximum Operating Water Depth, H (ft)
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Tank #1 Worksheet
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
L
e
v
e
l

(
f
t
/
g
a
l
)

Time (days)
Tank #1 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #1 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #2 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
L
e
v
e
l

(
f
t
/
g
a
l
)

Time (days)
Tank #2 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #2 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #3 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
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Time (days)
Tank #3 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
Mixing Summary
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #3 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #4 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
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Time (days)
Tank #4 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #4 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #5 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
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Time (days)
Tank #5 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #5 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #6 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
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Time (days)
Tank #6 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #6 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #7 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
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Time (days)
Tank #7 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
Mixing Summary
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #7 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #8 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
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Time (days)
Tank #8 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #8 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #9 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
L
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(
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)

Time (days)
Tank #9 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #9 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Step 1: Data Input- Tank Turnover and Mixing Calculations
Tank Name: 0
Volume, MG: 0
Cylindrical (C), Rectangular
(R), Hydropillar (H), or None of
these (n)? 0.00
If none, does SCADA report
volume (or % full) rather than
level? 0.00
0
0
0
#DIV/0!
Inlet diameter, d: 0.00 ft
Instructions: Enter tank fill data (obtained from plant SCADA) for up to 15 fill periods. Data inputted by the user are shown in red.
Date Time Min Level Max Level Date + Time Delta Time Level Change
Ft Ft Days Ft
1/0/00 0:00 0.0 1
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 2
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 3
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 4
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 5
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 6
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 7
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 8
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 9
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 10
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 11
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 12
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 13
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 14
1/0/00 0:00
1/0/00 0:00 15
1/0/00 0:00
Spreadsheet is not set up for shapes other than
cylindrical, hydropillar, & rectangular unless SCADA
reports tank volume!
Tank #10 Worksheet
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
L
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)

Time (days)
Tank #10 Graph
Fill period Low/Min Level High/Max Level Vol at start Vol added Volume drawn Ave Tank Vol
of fill cycle during fill cycle during drain cycle during fill cycle Actual Req'd Fill Time
(ft) (ft) (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF)
Volume Exchange
Fraction (VEF) (days)
1 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
2 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
3 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
4 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
5 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
6 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
7 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
8 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
9 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
10 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
11 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
12 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
13 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
14 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
15 0.00 0.00 error error n/a #VALUE! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! n/a
Turnover Summary
Avg Vol Added in One Fill Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Min Water Level #DIV/0! ft
Avg Vol Drawn in One Drain Period #DIV/0! MG Avg Actual VEF #VALUE!
Avg Fill Time #DIV/0! days Avg VEF Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Avg Draw Time #DIV/0! days Avg Measured Water Level Change #DIV/0! ft
Avg Fill Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0! ft
Avg Draw Rate #DIV/0! gpm #DIV/0!
Avg Duration (Fill + Draw Time) #DIV/0! days #DIV/0! inches
Avg Flow Rate into tank #DIV/0! MGD
Avg Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Turnover Time #DIV/0! days
#DIV/0!
Desired Water Level Change Needed for
Good Mixing
Inlet Diameter Needed for Good Mixing
#DIV/0!
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired)
Mixing calculations
Dimension-
less Mixing
Time
Mixing Summary
Step 2: Turnover Time & Mixing Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for experimenting with changing tank operations to improve turnover time. Experiment with lowering the both the Max and Min levels,
only the Min level, and only the Max level. Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the turnover time equations are not applicable!
These five scenarios are also available for experimenting with reducing inlet diameter to improve mixing. Note that improving the level change will also improve mixing.
Modify data shown in red. Do not use this analysis if the mixing equations are not applicable (H/D>1)!
No Changes Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
0 0 0 0 0 0 ft
Inlet Diameter 0.00 ft
High/Max Level FALSE ft
Low/Min Level FALSE ft
Actual Level Change #DIV/0!
Dimensionless Mixing Time #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Desired Level Change
Needed for Good Mixing #DIV/0!
Pressure Drop After Change
in Min Water Level 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fill rate/ Pumping rate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Draw rate/ consumer
demand #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! gpm
Avg fill time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg volume added during fill #DIV/0! MG
Avg Duration (fill +draw) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Ave Flow Rate #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! MGD
Ave Tank Vol #DIV/0! MG
Mixing Performance Ratio
(Measured/Desired) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Step 3: Chlorine Residual Analysis
Instructions: Five scenarios are available for estimating the minimum chlorine concentration exiting a completely mixed or plug flow tank during a
drain cycle. This analysis may be able to 1) identify if the performance problem at the tank is due to incomplete mixing, 2) determine the chlorine concentration
needed to enter the tank in order to achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank, or 3) determine the chlorine decay rate needed at the tank in order to
achieve target chlorine residuals leaving the tank. Remember - ideal tank performance is complete mixing! Modify data shown in red.
No Changes -
Estimated Current
Conditions Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D Scenario E
High/Max Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Low/Min Level FALSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ft
Mixing Performance Ratio #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Turnover Time #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Chlorine Decay Rate
Constant (determined from
bottle test) (k) day
-1
Volume at Start of Fill Cycle
(Ve) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Volume at end of fill period
(or at the start of the draw
period) (Vf) #DIV/0! error error error error error MG
Avg fill time (Tf) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Avg draw time (Te) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Maximum time that a water
parcel stays in a plug flow
tank (Tmax) #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! days
Concentration entering the
tank (from field data) (Ce) mg/L
Complete Mixing: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
Plug Flow: Minimum
concentration leaving the
tank
1, 2
#DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! mg/L
1. Equation from p. 211 - Water Quality Modeling in DS Storage Tanks" AWWARF study
2. The user should assume that when the tank is well mixed (mixing PR >= 1) the minimum concentration leaving the tank is close to the completely mixed result. If
the tank is poorly mixed (mixing PR < 1) the user should be cautious about using the plug flow result to determine the minimum concentration leaving the tank.
Tanks can operate in many different and unpredictable ways. If the tank is not baffled (like a clearwell) or specifically designed to be plug flow, then the tank
operation is probably not plug flow. In most cases, if the tank is not well mixed (mixing PR < 1) there may be some areas of the tank volume that are mixed (e.g.,
close to the inlet zone) and other areas (i.e., dead-zones) that are unmixed and probably have an undetectable chlorine residual. If this is the case, neither the plug
flow nor completely mixed result for minimum concentration leaving the tank is applicable.
Tank #10 Worksheet
Draw Time
(days)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Tank Shape:
Tank Dimensions:
Cylindrical or Hydropillar Tanks Rectangular Tanks
Cylindrical Hydropillar
Tank Glossary
Cylindrical Cylindrical
Hydropillar Hydropillar
Rectangular Rectangular
Water
Inlet diameter (d)
Tank Diameter (D)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g


W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
H
)

Water
Inlet diameter (d)
Dry riser
Wet riser
Tank Diameter (D)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g


W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
H
)

Longest Sidewall length (D)
Inlet diameter (d)
Rectangular Tanks
Tank Glossary
Hydropillar Hydropillar
Longest Sidewall length (D)
Shortest
Sidewall
length (L)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g

W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
H
)

Water
Inlet diameter (d)
NOTE: If the tank is a hydropillar, the tank spreadsheet
can approximate the tank turnover and mixing, but the
tank must operate in the range of the tank that has a
cylindrical shape, not the cone-shaped bottom section.
As shown below:
Tank spreadsheet
will not appropriately
estimate turnover
and mixing for hydropillars
operating in this range.
Water
Tank must operate
within this range
Water
Level (ft)
Volume
Remaining
in Tank
(gallons)
38 1000000
37 998854
36 979744
35 958591
34 935672
33 911199
32 885347
31 858267
30 830096
29 800952
28 770967
27 740244
26 708889
25 677005
24 644691
23 612045
22 579163
21 546139
20 513068
19 480044
18 447162 * note this relationship may not always be linear.
17 414516
16 382202
15 350318
14 318963
Cylindrical Tank Date
100% tank volume = 1000000 gallons 04/07/05
Tank diameter = 32 ft 04/07/05
Therefore 04/07/05
Helpful Hints
Hint 1: When tank shape is irregular (elliptical, spherical, etc), enter the tank water levels in volume rather than feet (since the volume per foot relationship may not be linear) in order
to determine the tank turnover time. Note than in these cases the mixing equations may not be applicable. See Example below:
1. Determine Volume vs Water Level Relationship for the Tank
Hint 2: When SCADA is reported in percent full, these values can be converted to tank volumes or feet in order to determine the tank turnover time.
If the tank shape is rectangular or cylindrical, then the volume vs water level relationship is linear, and the percent full values can be easily converted to water level in feet or volume. If the tank
shape is elliptical, cylindrical, etc and the volume vs water level is not linear, then the volume vs percent full relationship will need to be determine (as described above), then converted to feet/
volume. See Example below:
2. Convert Percent Full to Water level (feet) and Volume (gallons). 1. Determine the maximum (100%) tank volume and maximum water level.
Volume = 29835*WaterLevel - 81942
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
V
o
l
u
m
e

(
g
a
l
l
o
n
s
)

Water Level (ft)
Example: Volume vs Water Level Relationship*
Max Water Level = 166 ft 04/07/05
04/07/05
04/07/05
04/08/05
04/08/05
04/08/05
04/08/05
04/08/05
04/08/05
Pressure
(psi)
Water
Level (ft)
Maximum 62 28
Minimum 56.6 15
3. Verify H/D ratio < 1 (i.e., mixing equation is applicable)
Hint 3: At systems that have strip charts or no SCADA water level data, it may be helpful to record tank water level changes with a pressure recorder. The pressure data will
have to be converted to water level changes in feet in order to be entered into the spreadsheet.
1. Determine the approximate Pressure to Water Level Relationship for the Tank when the
pressure recorder elevation is unknown.
Water Level = 2.4074* Pressure - 121.26
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Pressure (psi)
Example: Pressure to Water Level Relationship
Date Time
Min Water
Level (ft)
Max Water
Level (ft)
Min
Volume
(gal)
Max
Volume
(gal)
01/11/07 10:45 PM 27.06 725393
01/12/07 10:17 AM 35.39 973919
01/12/07 10:03 PM 30.20 819075
01/13/07 3:25 PM 31.86 868601
01/13/07 10:55 PM 22.25 581887
01/14/07 11:55 AM 32.60 890679
01/14/07 3:46 PM 28.24 760598
01/15/07 7:17 AM 40.00 1111458
01/15/07 10:41 PM 21.96 573235
01/16/07 3:46 PM 38.19 1057457
01/16/07 11:03 PM 20.59 532361
01/17/07 4:26 PM 38.14 1055965
01/17/07 11:07 PM 18.05 456580
01/18/07 4:59 PM 31.74 865021
01/18/07 11:44 PM 19.80 508791
01/19/07 3:23 PM 38.05 1053280
01/20/07 12:11 AM 20.77 537731
01/20/07 5:16 PM 38.28 1060142
01/20/07 10:42 PM 22.33 584274
01/21/07 7:17 AM 28.48 767759
01/21/07 8:26 PM 17.94 453298
01/22/07 5:33 AM 38.10 1054772
01/22/07 11:08 PM 25.72 685414
01/23/07 11:31 AM 38.22 1058352
Time
Min
Percent
Full
Max
Percent
Full
Min Water
Level (ft)
Max Water
Level (ft)
Min
Volume
(gal)
Max
Volume
(gal)
8:12 AM 0.168 27.9 167840
9:09 AM 0.171 28.5 171450
1:54 PM 0.162 27.0 162426
Helpful Hints
Hint 1: When tank shape is irregular (elliptical, spherical, etc), enter the tank water levels in volume rather than feet (since the volume per foot relationship may not be linear) in order
to determine the tank turnover time. Note than in these cases the mixing equations may not be applicable. See Example below:
2. Convert Water Level to Volume using the Relationship
Hint 2: When SCADA is reported in percent full, these values can be converted to tank volumes or feet in order to determine the tank turnover time.
If the tank shape is rectangular or cylindrical, then the volume vs water level relationship is linear, and the percent full values can be easily converted to water level in feet or volume. If the tank
shape is elliptical, cylindrical, etc and the volume vs water level is not linear, then the volume vs percent full relationship will need to be determine (as described above), then converted to feet/
volume. See Example below:
2. Convert Percent Full to Water level (feet) and Volume (gallons).
3:49 PM 0.172 28.6 172051
7:50 PM 0.162 27.0 162426
10:51 PM 0.173 28.7 172653
6:30 AM 0.162 27.0 162426
8:40 AM 0.172 28.6 172051
2:44 PM 0.161 26.7 160621
5:00 PM 0.172 28.6 172051
8:50 PM 0.162 27.0 162426
11:26 PM 0.172 28.6 172051
H/D (water depth to tank diameter) ratio =
Maximum water depth (H) = 28.7 ft
Tank diameter (d) = 32 ft
H/D = 0.90
Date Time
Min
Pressure
(psi)
Max
Pressure
(psi)
Min
Water
Level (ft)
Max
Water
Level (ft)
08/10/06 9:00 AM 58.68 20.00
08/10/06 5:00 PM 61.88 27.70
08/11/06 11:00 AM 58.84 20.40
08/11/06 6:30 PM 61.67 27.20
08/12/06 11:00 AM 59.05 20.90
08/12/06 7:00 PM 62.00 28.00
08/13/06 1:00 PM 58.93 20.60
08/13/06 7:00 PM 61.50 26.80
08/14/06 7:00 AM 59.09 21.00
08/14/06 5:00 PM 61.83 27.60
08/15/06 9:00 AM 58.80 20.30
08/15/06 5:00 PM 62.00 28.00
08/16/06 9:00 AM 58.93 20.60
08/16/06 5:00 PM 61.88 27.70
08/17/06 7:00 AM 58.80 20.30
08/17/06 3:00 PM 61.96 27.90
08/18/06 7:00 AM 59.38 21.70
08/18/06 11:00 AM 61.83 27.60
08/19/06 2:30 AM 58.68 20.00
08/19/06 3:00 PM 61.79 27.50
08/20/06 6:00 AM 58.97 20.70
08/20/06 10:00 AM 61.54 26.90
08/20/06 6:00 PM 58.89 20.50
08/20/06 9:00 PM 60.92 25.40
3. Verify H/D ratio < 1 (i.e., mixing equation is applicable)
Hint 3: At systems that have strip charts or no SCADA water level data, it may be helpful to record tank water level changes with a pressure recorder. The pressure data will
have to be converted to water level changes in feet in order to be entered into the spreadsheet.
2. Convert Pressure to Water Level using the Relationship