Baby Boomers

G.I Bill allowed for higher education after WWII

Benefits of getting a college education (higher earning power, single income
families)
During the years of the 1950s in which there was a big explosion in
childbirth/birthrate after World War II

Tin Pan Alley
A kind of Aesthetics: Tuneful, melodic; beautiful lyrics with wordplay,
rhyming, cutesy imagery; easy and singable
A model of production: a composer and lyricist team, working under
contract with a song publisher, who entered into business relationships with
a range of media. The Sheet music here should be understood as the basic
unit of trade
Type of aesthetic style that pre-dated rock
Was a street of music publicists on west 28
th
street
Music of broadway of the 1930s-50s
Use of sheet music as the version of the song
Composer and lyricist worked together as a team
Before songs were promoted, composers would sing them to see what was a
hit
Mode of musical production- mass production model of art and culture
Music was broadcast in broadway musicals- began to be put into films, and
put on network radios, and also records
Ex. Are aint she sweet and a bushel and a peck
Structural dominace- homogenization of the markets and the airways
Copywright laws made it much more profitable for music producers to
produce songs, and publishers began to promote the sheet music
Promote songs through advertisement, paying singers to sing songs in
theatre (developed close relationships with broadway producers and
radio)
Change from quantity of songs produced to quality of songs and promotion of
songs
AABA line, full symphony orchestra, lyrical, very easy to follow/sing, bright
timbre

ASCAP
Union of performers, composers, and literacists (1914)
The American Society of Composers, Artists, and Performers
Allowed musicians to receive royalties from live performances
This was a strict association of tin pan alley artists and composers until the
1920s (African American, latin American, etc were added)
1930s- only 18 major song producers controlled broadway, film, and radio
(Oligopoly)
Handful of different corporate interests come together to act in convert to
control the market

The Big 3
These were the three major radio stations controlled tin pan alley
Acted in concert to deny all application to the FCC- would not broadcast more
than 3-5 radio stations (effectively shut out competition)
NBC (National Broadcasting Company)
CBS (Columbia Broadcasting systems)
Mutual Broadcasting System

Network Radio
Radio stations that were owned by large corporations that had home bases in
large cities where they produced a lot of different kinds of musical content
Ex. CBS home studio in New York- might have large orchestra that plays live
performances on the radio
Major centers (NYC, Chicago, LA)- ship off their content into affiliate stations
where the broadcast is relayed from the major center
Handful of network radios had power in shaping what people heard
Rise of smaller regional markets that were promoting music that may be
popular in a small pocket in Virginia, but not somewhere else (rise of hill billy
music)

Country and Western
Regional music that began to form into a more recognizable category in
1940s
Specific lyrical and instrumental aesthetic (seen in Jimmy Rodgers and Hank
Williams music)
Marked a shift from participatory model of music making to a model where
there are particular people defined as performers and listeners
Little house on the prarie model of music- performers, listeners, and
mediation by recordings

Hank Williams
country and western precursor to rock and roll
Born in 1923 in Alabama- learned to play guitar for the local blues street
singer
He performed at singing competitions and local talent shows
1941- became a singer on a specific radio station (performed live with his
guitar)
Known for a particular part of mythology
Wife Audrey became his manager- got a job with a small record label for
Hank
Their relationship influenced his song writing
Fathered children out of wedlock, was an alcoholic
Died in 1953 on route to a performance
Emblematic of the hard living country singer
Importance of his vocal delivery/importance of autobiography- extent of
how people are effected that he is a hard living man singing about hard living
things
Changing notions of the performers persona and its effect on rock/the
performers music
Ill never get out of this world alive;

Hillbilly Music
Small regional musical genre in the 1920s that rose out of a pocket in Virginia
Ralph Peer- entrepreneur/producer who discovered a lot of local hill billy
acts
Cultivated a network of people who knew his interest in music- send people
to his small studio to record music
Change from regional music to national music due to radio stations

Race Music
1920s- broad variety of African American music making such as blues, gospel
music, and sometimes jazz music
This was an original marketing category of a bunch of different genres of
music played back black musicians
Music was assumed by white executives to be By black artists, for black
listeners
Okeh- early record label that recorded race artists
1920s-1930s music began to be bought by both black and white listeners

The Blues
Ex. Robert Johnsons Crossroad Blues
Music is structured in terms of lyrics and music with a repeated AAB line.
Vocal aesthetics similar to C and W- emphasis on cultivating an individual
vocal style
Influential for early rock and roll- artists covered a lot of rhythm and blues
(evolution of a variety of different styles of black music making)
Blues form- changing underlying harmonic progression- the chords being
played on the piano change from the first line, to the second line, and very
different in the third line (Down Hearted Blues)
A line followed by contrasting B line
12 bar blues- each chord 4x3, repeat over and over again for the duration of
the song
Structure can be the same- but the importance is the vocal delivery
(performers inflections, style, and how they hold words out longer than
others)
GROVE- the push and the pull, the playfulness with which the tempo, beat, or
pulse is performed by the musician
Push and pull between members of the ensemble (sum of their efforts)
Particular pattern of strong and weak beats

Rhythm and Blues
Type of genre that uses blues form
Can also be called race music- ex. Is Big joe Turners Shake, Rattle, and Roll
The music had a realistic aesthetic
Lyrics were bordering on vulgarity- sexual inuendos, metaphors, double
entendres
Use blues form: AAB, vocal inflections, 12-bar blues

Chess Records
Founded in 1947 by two white blues fans (Phil and Leonard Chess)
Found the top blues performers- recorded these specific kind of staple of
artist
Has a smaller budget opposed to Atlantic- Used rudimentary microphone
recording, not a lot of double tracking, more down and dirty approach
May seem more like a live group
These small recordings developed a particular sound for themselves
associated with their recording labels
Also played a huge roll in finding artists

Atlantic Records
Founded by Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson in NYC in 1947
Jerry Wexler was the A&R man (talent scout, man who wear many hats)
Atlantic records was much simpler to follow musically (played on the pulse,
straight beat, unsyncopated and uncomplicated)
Was in competition with Chess records- chess had a much more raw
production (voice, and inflection of voice was the main influence)
Syncopation is tighter, or more polished (had a brass section, much more jazz
or big band swing aesthetics
Closer to a tin pan alley aesthetic (more polished)

Ahmet Ertegun and Jerry Wexler
AE was a turkish american who founded Atlantic records in 1946 in NYC
He was an entrepreneur/business man who was interested in black music
Jerry Wexler was the A & R man for Atlantic records

Record Label: focus mainly on a particular area, or a particular genre
A brand, associated with a particular sound, stable of artists
Record labels may have an in house backing band (allows the label to
maintain the same sound)

Big Joe Turner
Example of a rhythm and blues singer that came out of Atlantic Records
Song ex. Shake, Rattle, and Roll
Lyrics were very sexual, gritting his teeth, stylistic of rhythm and blues or
race music


Bing Crosby
Most successful solo performers of the 1930s and 40s (38 number-one hits,
one being White Christmas)
First person to use the microphone as a musical instrument
He was perceived as an everyday joe type (wholesome, friendly, and
paternal)
In interviews he didnt like to over exert himself (average guy)
In reality he worked hard to create music, in films, to keep this persona
Promotion of Stars: all of the technologies enabled people to cultivate and
promote these particular images (he was seen as a lazy, cool, average joe,
non-working man) yet in reality, worked really hard
Studio wants to market their star a certain way (stars vs. fandom)

Microphone
Bing Crosby was the first person to use this as a musical instrument
Originally it was used to help record instruments (place microphones at
around different areas of the instruments to get a different sound within the
recording)
Close mic-ing, bring instruments close

FADS
Emerging fear about the youth (Popular music/culture is making them wild
and dissaociated with current current) (ex. Violent video games/text
messaging) (1930s and 40s)
1) May thin that there is a blanket of fear about alienation- individuals are
becoming alienated from themselves or society (ex. Jitterbug fad- can only
connect with others through this fad)
2) Individuals who would sit alone in his bedroom (whimps, didnt want to
talk to women) and listen to records- Asocial
How rock and roll was being perceived as a fad- American youth might pick
up rock and roll, be interested for a while, and then move on to something
new.

Cover songs
Performer A performs a song- Performer B performs another version of that
song (covers of sheet music vs. covers of recordings)
FAD- white artists began to cover black rhythm and blues songs
White artists would change the lyrics (make it more white, clean up lyrics) by
removing the obvious hints towards sex (inuendos, performing expressions)
Covers challenge what is the song: is the song the sheet music, or is it a
particular performance or recording of the song
Issues of ownership- who owns the copyrights of the song
White artists making covers of black artists songs (is it stealing?)
Ask black artists whether it was wrong?
White artists were making more money off of their versions of the
black artists songs
Little Richard Listeners may have the white covers out in their
stereo, but have the black version somewhere in their dresser

Elvis Presley
Young man from Memphis who was interested in both country and western,
and local blues (delta blues)
His music is an example of a mixing of the two genres in a new way
Felt comfortable with both black and white people (shopped in black clothing
stores)
ROCKABILITY- Relation between country music and blues combined
Sun records (small recording label)- Elvis contract was bought out by ANC-
Phillips couldnt support him- had to buy 100,000 disks with money up front,
and wouldnt get paid till disks completely sold (not enough money up front)
Promoted as a Sex symbol- he has the bad boy teen idol, whereas Paul Anka
was the teen idol that you would take home to your mom

Buddy Holly
One of the first major figures in rock music who was significantly influenced
by the rock and rollers who emerged in 1955 and 1956. (Elvis, Little Richard)
Picked up by a small label who had made a relationship already with the big
recording label (DECA)
Example of someone who was picked up by small label talent scouts- couldnt
be supported by smaller label, big labels bought out contract
Similar to Chuck Berry: guitarists who wrote most of their own songs, and
were strongly influenced by country and western and rhythm and blues.
Holly writing his own songs- served as a model for many rock musicians in
the 60s and 70s (songs arent poured into a preexisting mold.)
His death in a plane crash marked the day the music died.

Structural economic changes (record labels)
Changes to recording labels in the US
Changes occur when it becomes extremely profitable to sign these Teen Idols
(Elvis)
His appeal is both musical and physical
Splitting of the marker- between rock and roll singers and pop singers
Marketed towards teeny bumpers- teenage girls and boys
University students and older students began listening to folk music
Small record labels would scout out talent- big record labels had the money
to support them, buy out contract

Paul Anka
Example of someone who was manufactured by record labels has a teen idol
Created in the late 1950s for a national audience
Good-natured boy who you would want to bring home to mom
Had to hone his image to market him (hair style, body shape, physical
appearance)
1) Image becomes a commodity- commercial relationship (extent to which an
artists image becomes shaped)
2) Extend to which musical recording can be framed as art
3) Performances are being political statements

Moving away from why 1955?
1) Structural changes to recording and broadcast industries
2) The influence of techonology on changing understandings of the song
a. Change from sheet music, to pieces associated with individual
performers
b. Happened through the emergence of various distinctive recording
studios that had their own sound and aesthetic
3) Fads, covers, and teen idols- the commoditization of early rock music

Tension between rock music and American culture
1) Framing Rock music as either political or art
a. Art itself depends on a whole network of producers and consumers
who frame it in a certain way
b. Trace different ways that rock music and popular culture as political,
art, and commerce

Mythologies of the 1960s
2) Framing 1960s as a time of hethinism or decadence, break down of
society or of morals
3) A conservative view
4) A time of liberation, a time of sexual, political, racial freedom
5) A time of idealism when individuals challenged the dominant systems of
thinking (terms of patriarchy, war, economics)

Basic difference between 1950s and 1960s?
1) Families became less important as the era of do your own thing arrived.
2) Sexual revolution began, old traditions meant less
3) The establishment became the enemy of change
Covach: Difference between leave it to beaver (typical show of the 1950s) and The
Beverly Hillbillies (exemplary of the 1960s)
Leave it to beaver is the idea of a perfect American family
Beaver is supposed to be 10 years old- gosh darn, oh shucks
Supposed to show the ideal American family- particular vision of the 1950s
as white, moving to the suburbs.
Beverly Hillbillies- exemplifies an aesthetic change in the 1960s
Rural family that accidentally strikes gold on their property and move to
Beverly hills
Show is about them adjusting to life in the big city- questioning authority-
clash between different lifestyles, culture, and systems

The Beatles
Formed in 1957 in Liverpool and were comprised of 4 members (John
Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr)
Links with Elvis (emphasis on visual or extra musical image by television,
increased commoditization of popular music)
Beatles were British (british invasion)
Internationalization of rock and roll- movement to copy and emulate rock
and roll groups
Huge move to cover American Motown songs in Britain, and later Rhythm
and Blues
Beatles performed all instruments, write own songs (they are the rock
group)
1)Integral members that interact with eachother musically, perform their
own type of sound
2) not frontmen like Elvis Presley or Hank Williams and then a backing band
(all on equal plane)
Students of American Music- took a bunch of diverse American genres,
merged them together and came up with their own sound


British Invasion
This was marked by the Beatles first television performance on the Ed
Sullivan show (February 9
th
, 1964)
Rock and Rolls early cross-fertilization
American genres begin to get adopted by British artists
2 year fad of british pop music comes back to the united states and
influences rock music in America
Trends:
1) Beatles copycat bands (Hermins Hermits)
2)Bands that emulated American rhythm and blues (Rolling Stones, Clapton,
Page)
Pre-invasion- Internationalization of rock and roll, movement in Britain to
emulate rock and roll groups (rhythm and blues, American Motown)
Emphasis on visual or extra musical by television (visual along with music)
Performed an original song written by Lennon and McCartney
2
nd
song was a cover- from a Broadway hit in the late 1950s
3
rd
single is an original- She loves you

Beatlemania
All beatles early musical performances consisted of teenage women
screaming
Beatles image- floppy hair shaking (wild uncontrollable visual that older
people didnt understand)
All beatles wore tailored suits, same hair cut, choreographed stage antics


Brian Epstein
Manager of the Beatles
Took them in and polished their image
Tailored suits, same haircuts, choreographed stage antics
Two microphones for 3 people- guitars are at either side of the stage- Lefty
vs. Righty
All take a step back and all bow at the waste- managed and polished stage
presence
George the introspective, Ringo was carefree fun loving, John the
creative/artsy

Jukebox Musical
A motion picture consisting largely of hit records
Uses previously released popular songs as its musical source- and songs have
in common a popular music group (ex. Beatles)
Ex. A Hard Days Night


**Richard Lester
Film director for the beatles in the 1960s, 1964- helped them produce the
movie a hard days night, and help!

A Hard Days Night
1
st
beatles film with the subject being Beatlemania- these films were also
vehicles for their songs
Treated in an ironic manner (as a satire of the fad)
Self consciousness- beatles were being silly in escaping the crowd of girls
(slapstick comedy)
Shows tension that exists between commerce, art, and politics
Way of looking at Beatlemania as an aesthetic (movie treats beatlemania as
an art)
Beatles trapped by their own stardom (surrounded by a crowd of girls)
Linking commercial fad to a more artistic, satirical, or ironical style
Film served as a compliment to stardom itself
young guys with silly haircuts, singing silly songs- new fad

**George Martin
A&R man for a small EMI label called Parlophone- Epstein was introduced to
this man in discussing the Beatles
Heard promise in the Beatles Decca tape and set up an EMI recording
audition for the Beatles in 1962
First person to produce the beatles- helped them go to London, sign a
recording contract, and place a single on the UK charts.

Ravi Shankar
Indian musician and composer who played the sitar
Most known in the rock world for introducing George Harrison and the
Beatles to the sitar
The Sitar was then used in their album Srgt. Pepper- exoticism, psychedelia-
use of different instruments to create a different sound, artistic entity.
Sitar influenced George Harrison to use it in their song Norwegian Wood

The Monkees
Americans most successful answer to the beatles- benefited greatly from
television
Response to the Beatles A Hard Days night and help
Intent- reproduce the spirit of fun and wit that Richard Lester had captured
with the Beatles films
Band members sought out as on-camera acting team that could play music
Old school music-business procedure of making music- songs were written
by professionals, backing tracks performed by studio musicians, and the
records were produced by Boyce and Hart. (Brill Building music style)
Because of style, many dismissed this music
Nesmith believed they should be able to create own music- shows how
beatles new approach of singer song writer conflicted with the Brill Building
approach of music

Hermans Hermits
Tried to follow the model of the Beatles (silly british accent, silly songs
Ex. Mrs. Brown youve got a Lovely Daughter
Sound, image, stage mannerisms- very closely emulate the beatles
Played into their brutishness (very over the top british accent)

Rolling Stones
Blues oriented outgrowth of beatlemania (group fascinated by African
American blues)
Exemplified the cross-fertilization
Guitar riff is very noticeable in their music
Lyrics were very personable- his complaints about society
Mick Jagger is an early example of masculine rock style- sexually potent,
potentially dangerous
Different aesthetic to pend their lyrics than beatles (who had narratives)
Text is more developed- social consciousness to it
Has some social commentary/ not just boy meets girl

Riff
Guitar riff- short repeated melodic motive
A little self-contained snip it that repeats itself over and over again
African American repeat feature
Allows vocalists to create a call and response between lyrics and riff

Blues form
Repetitive AAB form, made up of short phrases that repeat
12 bar blues
changing underlying harmonic progressions- Chords change from first line,
to second line, and then very different in the 3
rd
line
LOOK AT BLUES

Bob Dylan
Key figure in folk rock- rock is a vehicle to expressing views on social culture
and politics
Wrote the first international #1 folk-rock single
Used ballad form- tell a story for maximum recognition (form is based more
on lyrics and the poetry/narrative of the lyrics)
Television performance- address is much more personal, not extremely
choreographed- he just strolls away
He makes himself a vehicle for the song- performance isnt himself as a star,
he is a way of communicating his message
Front man as an individual- no backing band (one version of rock performer
persona)
Singer songwriter as an individual who has something to say be it political or
social justice

Concept album
how did it change how people listened to music/ experience of listening to music?
Had an overarching theme or framework- beatles srgt. Pepper album
Exoticism- beatles were not themselves
Wasnt just singles- the album as a whole was what was being sold
Music was much more artistic, and explicitly political
Experimentation in musical elements and instruments making the music
much more artistic (ex. Indian influence in beatles srgt. Pepper)

**Tape Loops
Loops of pre-recorded magnetic tape used to create repetitive, rhythmic
musical patterns or dense players of sound
Beatles used tape loop in their transitions to recording studio focused music
of concept albums and psychedelia


Multi-track recording
Invented in the 1940s and 50s
Have multiple tracks- one track has an entire group (converted onto a tape)
Could play the tape- and then record a second track over that track
Initially- would be used to get a cleaner sound- record guitar, bass, drums,
lead vocals all on separate tracks
If vocalist makes an error- dont have to ruin the whole recording- could
change the vocalists track, and not effect the other tracks
Then used much more artistically (beatles- tomorrow never knows)

**Greenwich Village
New york city- became devoted to folk music (older listeners)
Folk stars emerged out of these clubs (bob Dylan)
Folk clubs in the 1960s (hosted bob Dylan, members of the byrds,etc.

Recording Studios
1. As site for experimentation and composition
2. May actively compose and construct new sounds
3. *key-Recording engineers would try to record the group as they were live
(where to place microphones in order to most accurately record the sound)
a. Bring instrument close- close mic-ing
4. Trying to use microphones in ways that change the timbre of an instrument
5. *key- emphasis on distorting (dirty signals) messing with the signals of an
electric instrument to give in a different sound
a. ex. Use of different guitar pedals (wah pedal, or distortion pedal)
6. *key- Multi-track recording- invented in the 1940-50s

**Haight-Ashbury
the summer of love- 1967
63-65 very vibrant folk music scene, but also an economically depressed
area, changed demopgrapics, low rent (San Francisco)
Had conditions for the emergence of a scene for people who were geared to
alternative lifestyles- questioning capitalism, gender roles, sexual freedom,
etc.
Key site for a lot of social, political, economic, and musical trends
66-68- became a sight for young college students to begin migration to
(hippies)
1960s were about free love, idealism, liberal politics

Hippies
New form of social views, long hair, young yet old enough to have children
Use of LSD- holds the subculture together
Sell copies of underground newspapers- trying to build a community of its
own
COUNTERCULTURE- life should be about joy, life should be fun
people going around driving in their metal boxes- not about materialism,
its about happiness
Love, Peace, Happiness vs. War, uptight, square officials
KEY POINTS:
1) Anti-war stance
Anti-capitalism stance- related to a search for an alternative social structure
(communal living, focus on free love, paired groups)
Self-empowerment, Self-discovery- emphasis on sex and drugs

Psychedelia
Music begins to be much more artistic in nature (ex. Concept album)
Musicians begin experimenting with different instruments (exoticism) and
different ways of adding textures to the music
More time was spent in the studio to make tracks that were often not
reproducible live
There was a new focus on the album as a whole, rather than a single
Based on the hippy movement, and the use of LSD
Beatles Srgt. Pepper, Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane
Live performances were often very experimental, and songs lasted much
longer (a lot of improvisation)

Timothy Leary
Ex- Harvard college professor (key influences on psychedelic movement)
Him and Ken Kesey rejected the establishment and led many young people to
see hallucinogenic drugs as essential to unlocking the doors of perception
turn on, tune in, and drop out- became a slogan of the counterculture
(became a staple for which young adults began to explore drug use, mainly
LSD)
LSD was said to allow the user to suppress the false and misleading modes of
understanding imposed by school and society and to perceive the world and
life itself as they really were.
Viewed as a kind of magic drug that led to a higher consciousness that had
previously been available only to mystics and visionaries.

Jefferson Airplane
Formed in 1966 in San Francisco by Marty Balin- originally founded as a folk
group
Addition of Grace Slick- sound began to get a little bit more psychedelic
Exoticism- adoption of non-western musical systems
Early influences were American folk and blues, but elements of modal jazz
and Indian music can be found throughout their music

Big Brother and the Holding Company
Experimented with classical and avant-garde music similar to Grateful Dead
and Jefferson Airplane.
Enjoyed its greatest acclaim backing up singer Janis Joplin on electric blues
numbers

Janis Joplin
Left Port Arthur, Texas in the early 1960s to sing in Austin night clubs.
She was convinced by Chet Helms to return to San Francisco to join Big
Brother (first album released in 1967)
Fall of 1969- made a debut solo album
Her whole life she struggled with drug and alcohol abuse (died October 4,
1970) of drug overdose
Powerful blues style, hard-living image was reminiscent of earlier blues
singers like Bessie smith.
Central figure in the Haight-Ashbury scene
Blues based singing style offers an important example of the connection
between psychedelia and African-American music

**Monterey International Pop Festival
Held for the first time in June 1967 organized by John Philips (originally part
of the Mamas and Papas)
Mainstream version of the hippie flower power movement
Entrepreneurial spirited guy- looked at the folk and jazz festival at Monterey
and though that pop music needed its own festival
Multiple acts from all over the country/world show up to play music for 2-3
nights
Peoples response to festival- bobbing head to the music, no screaming, etc.
Film- much more symbiotic in that the fans are reacting to the music rather
than the band itself- emphasizing the relationship between the listener and
singer in a new way

Woodstock
A collective site for political statements
Young people can come together who maybe share liberal/anti-war political
sentiments- as a place where their experience can be validated or intensified
in a way
Held in 1969- was documented and filmed by Michael Wadleigh
2 performances that took place at Woodstock- window to thinking about the
broader anti-war movement
Anti-war movement in US- studied as being in relation to college students
Free speech, womens rights, civil rights, wars in southeast asia- formed a
loose network of lightminded individuals
Networks of anti-war protestors and civil rights protesters at Berkeley
Univeristy in Berkeley California
Country Joe and the Fish- came out of this anti-war movement
1)Festivals as creating a shared space for experience
2) Festivals as intensifying existing potential communities

Jimi Hendrix
He was a guitar virtuoso- he could extend the timbral pallet of the electric
guitar
Music displays strong blues influence mixed with psychedelic elements
His technical skills foreground his technique and virtuosity in extended solos
Star Spangled Banner- political statement at Woodstock (creates an image
of Vietnam through his guitar remake of the national anthem)
Used chord progressions and melodic materials derived from electric blues,
and also had guitar riffs to create a call and response between his lyrics and
guitar riff
Virtuoso in the fact that be could play the guitar with his teeth, had a specific
fuzz distortion sound by employing feedback, and the use of the vibrato
(whammy bar).

Virtuosity
Seen most prominently in guitarists like Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, and Eric
Clapton
Mastery of a musical instrument, or using it in ways it hasnt been used
before (show offy, a way of displaying ones technique)
Guitarists virtuosity mostly seen through guitar solos
Use blues form to create a structure/framework for their virtuosity
Musicians extend their musical palette- do different things with their
instruments
Jimmy Page plays a solo with a violin bow, Jimi Hendrix plays with his teeth

Cream
First rockband to be billed as a supergroup was formed in July 1966 with
guitarist Eric Clapton, bassist Jack Bruce, and drummer Ginger Baker
Eric Claptons virtuosity instrumental rave-up sections helped shape
creams blues adaptation.
Bakers drum solos became a model for many rock drummers
Clapton helped popularize distortion and the wah-wah pedal among
guitarists
Relied on virtuistic playing- penchant for instrumental soloing parallels that
of the San Franscisco bands of the psychedelic movement
Central guitar riff, 12 bar blues structure- creates an original blues rock song
that builds on and expands traditional blues techniques and patterns.

Led Zeppelin
Among the most successful new British groups of the 1970s (Jimmy Page,
Robert Plant)
Virtuosity in the guitar playing of Jimmy Page
Psychedelic, blues oriented, with a lot of improvisation and experimentation
Lyrics very sexual, virtuostic
Stage choreography- really wasnt any, very natural approach to stage
manurisms (artists fed off eachother both musically and physically)
Example of Blues rock (virtuosity, improvisation musically and on stage,
return to live performance, yet experimentation during live performance,
blues structure of 12 bar blues, guitar riffs and call and response)
dazed and confused- shows the closest ties to psychedelia (Jimmy Page
played the guitar with a violin bow)

Hippie Aesthetic/Psychedelic
Shifts of focus in rock music from the single to the album, and from dancing
to listening music
Musicians began incorporating elements of classical music, electronic music,
jazz, and became increasingly dependent on the recording studio as a
creative tool (difficult to reproduce live)
1970s- a focus on musical and technological craft, combined with a distinctly
artistic approach to music-making- hippie aesthetic
rock artists- someone who has a responsibility to produce sophisticated
music using whatever means are at his or her disposal
music should stand up to repeated listening and the lyrics should deal with
important issues or themes