Tda Modular Amp

Modular expandable
power amplifier with

TDA7293 / TDA7294
C9
C6
R6
R7
C8
U1
C2
C3
R1
C1
C5
R2
Conn4
Conn5
3 - Modular poweramp with TDA7293 and TDA7294
Document last modified and saved: 22 January 2012 5:42 PM
Schematics and Bill of materials for TDA amplifier
Schematic and BOM of first (main) module
Schematics and BOM for
modular TDA7293 amplifier
Schematics and BOM for modular TDA7293 amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Schematic and BOM of first (main) module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Schematic and BOM of second (bridge) module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Schematic and BOM of third (parallel) module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Schematic and BOM of speaker protection module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Three modes of TDA7293 from the official datasheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Simplified schematic of bridged and paralleled modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Connections between single, bridge and parallel modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Variations between main, bridge, and parallel modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PCB for modular expandable TDA amplifier project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
PCB of main module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PCB of bridge module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PCB of parallel module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PCB of speaker protection module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Examples how to connect modules and build instrument amplifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Mono bridge, single and parallel, stereo bridge and single amp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Stereo bridge + parallel, mono bridge + doubled parallel amp with speaker protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
More power with parallel modules up to 800W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
More power with 3 parallel modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Speaker protection schematic with PWM fan controller V:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Speaker protection PCB with PWM fan controller V:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Speaker protection schematic with PWM fan controller V:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Speaker protection PCB with PWM fan controller V:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
This project made for very simple and popular homemade amplifier instrument amplification. The gainclone called
TDA7293 and 7294 is very good solution for guitar or microphone amplifiers. The poweramp can be connected
to bridge, parallel, and bridge+parallel mode. This project contains 3 different PCBs for this integrated MOSFET
amplifier, and one PCB for speaker protection. Very easy to build, the output power is from 75W to 300W with one
channel, but with this project possible to build stereo application. Popular guitar amplifier makers like Marshall and
Carlsbro using TDA729x ICs for combos and guitar heads.
English blog and PCB order: http://custompcb.blogspot.com/
Hungarian blog and PCB order: http://diyguitarpa.blogspot.com/
The Youtube Channel Picasa gallery Email: gitarfogas@gmail.com
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
Number Revision Size
A4
Date: 1/22/2012 Sheet of
File: D:\!Works\..\TDA7293.SchDoc Drawn By:
TDA7293
STB-GND
1
- IN
2
+ IN
3
Slave GND
4
Clip Det.
5
Bootstrap
6
+
V
S
ig
7
-
V
S
ig
8
STBY
9
Mute
10
Buff. Drv.
11
Bootst. Loader
12
+
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
3
Out
14
-
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
5
U1
1000u 60V
C2
1000u 60V
C8
GND
GND
220n
C1
220n
C9
22u
C6
22k
R7
680
R1
GND
22k
R6
GND
GND GND
10u
C5
3
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
1
2
3
Conn1
GND
GND
10u
C3
10u
C4
GND GND
10k
R3
22k
R4
GND
+ V
- V
3
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
1
2
3
Conn6
GND
Out -
Out +
In 1
Buff. Drv.
22u
C7
30k
R2
1N4148
D1
22k
R5
220 R10
BC212
T1
82k R9
6.8k
R8
1
2
2
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
Conn7
GND
3
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
1
2
3
Conn5
22u
C10
TDA 7293/7294 Stage 1 (main module)
http://diyguitarpa.blogspot.com/
http://custompcb.blogspot.com/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn2
GND
Out -
Br. I/O
STBY
Mute
- V
+ V
B.S.
B.L.
B.L. B.S.
Mute
STBY
In 2
56k R11
Bill of Materials
TDA7293.SchDoc 12/12/2011 16:20:00
Comment Footprint Value Quantity Pins Designator Price Total PriceH Total H
Connector 2 pin connector 100mil 2 input connector 1 2 Conn7 #VALUE! 20 20 Ft
Cap CAP, 2 and 3 MIL 22u 1 2 C7 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cap Cap, Tantal, 1mil 10u 1 2 C5 #VALUE! #VALUE!
NonPolarized Cap CAP, WIMA, 2MIL 220n 2 2 C1, C9 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Diode Diode 1N4148 1 2 D1 #VALUE! 2 2 Ft
Cap Elco 12 mm, 2 mil pins 1000u 60V 2 2 C2, C8 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cap Elco 6mm, 1 mil pins 10u 2 2 C3, C4 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Header 15 pin Female connector FHSHR 15 15x1 pin connector 2 15 Conn2, Conn4 #VALUE! 10 20 Ft
Connector Panel Connector 3 input Small 3 input connector 3 3 Conn1, Conn5, Conn6 #VALUE! 44 132 Ft
Resistor Resistor 300mil 10k 1 2 R3 #VALUE! 2 2 Ft
Resistor Resistor 300mil 220 1 2 R10 #VALUE! 2 2 Ft
Resistor Resistor 300mil 22k 4 2 R4, R5, R6, R7 #VALUE! 2 8 Ft
Resistor Resistor 300mil 6.8k 1 2 R8 #VALUE! 2 2 Ft
TDA7293 TDA7293 TDA7293 1 15 U1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
PNP Transistor TO92 BC212 1 3 T1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
30 SUM: #VALUE! #VALUE!

Notes
This is the first and the most important
module of this project. This module can
be used alone for 1x75W or 2x75W
amplification. The commercial amplifi-
ers says 100W for this circuit what is not
true. The output power is 7075w with 4
Ohm speakers, and about 4050w with
8 Ohm speakers. The maximum power
supply is 50V, but 47V recommend-
ed. The max. power of circuit called
7294 is 40V, with the 7293 possible to
use 50V. If you need more power, dont
increase the power supply, use bridge
or parallel configuration instead. This
module useful for both 7294 and 7293.
Only one thing must be changed, the C6
and C7 capacitor. For 7294 use ONLY
C6 between output and Bootstrap pin, for
7293 use ONLY C7 between pin 6 and
pin 12. Use this rule for all other modules.
Conn1: Power supply, 47V for 7293, 40V for 7294
Conn5: Left and Right audio level inputs
Conn7: Clipping LED connector
Conn6: Simple (GND and Out+) and bridge
(Out+ and Out-) mode speaker outputs.
Modular poweramp with TDA7293 and TDA7294 - 4 5 - Modular poweramp with TDA7293 and TDA7294
Schematic and BOM of second (bridge) module
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\TDA7293-BR-MOD.SchDocDrawn By:
TDA7293
STB-GND
1
- IN
2
+ IN
3
Slave GND
4
Clip Det.
5
Bootstrap
6
+
V

S
ig
7
-
V

S
ig
8
STBY
9
Mute
10
Buff. Drv.
11
Bootst. Loader
12
+
V

P
o
w
e
r
1
3
Out
14
-
V

P
o
w
e
r
1
5
U1
1000u 60V
C2
1000u 60V
C8
GND
GND
220n
C1
220n
C9
22u
C6
22k
R7
680
R1
GND
22k
R6
GND
GND GND
10u
C5
GND
+ V
- V
22u
C7
GND
GND
22u
C3
TDA 7293/7294 Stage 2 (bridge module)
Out -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn5
B.S.
B.L.
B.L. B.S.
56k
R2
Bill of Materials
TDA7293-BR-
MOD.SchDoc 12/12/2011 16:12:03
Cap Cap, Tantal, 1mil 10u 1 2 C5 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Header 15 pin Female connector FHSHR 15 15x1 pin connector 1 15 Conn5 #VALUE! 10 10 Ft
Header 15 pin Male connector PHSR-15 (T-T) 15x1 pin connector 1 15 Conn4 #VALUE! 10 10 Ft
Resistor Resistor 300mil 22k 2 2 R6, R7 #VALUE! 2 4 Ft

Altium Limited Confidential 12/12/2011 Page 1
Notes
This is the bridge module
of this project. This mod-
ule can be connected to
the right side of first (main)
circuit. This module dupli-
cate the output power with
8 ohm speakers. 4 Ohm
speakers cannot be used
with bridge amplifier.
Schematic and BOM of third (parallel) module
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\TDA7293-PAR-MOD.SchDoc Drawn By:
TDA7293
STB-GND
1
- IN
2
+ IN
3
Slave GND
4
Clip Det.
5
Bootstrap
6
+
V

S
ig
7
-
V

S
ig
8
STBY
9
Mute
10
Buff. Drv.
11
Bootst. Loader
12
+
V

P
o
w
e
r
1
3
Out
14
-
V

P
o
w
e
r
1
5
U1
1000u 60V
C2
1000u 60V
C8
GND
GND
220n
C1
220n
C9
GND
+ V
- V
GND
GND
22u
C7
TDA 7293/7294 Stage 3 (paralel module)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn2
B.S.
B.L.
Out +/-
B.L.
B.S.
56k
R6
B.S.
B.L.
Bill of Materials
TDA7293-PAR-
MOD.SchDoc 12/12/2011 16:20:58
Header 15 pin Female connector FHSHR 15 15x1 pin connector 1 15 Conn2 #VALUE! 10 10 Ft
Header 15 pin Male connector PHSR-15 (T-T) 15x1 pin connector 1 15 Conn1 #VALUE! 10 10 Ft

Altium Limited Confidential 12/12/2011 Page 1
Notes
This is the parallel module
of this amplifier project.
This mode can be con-
nected to the right side of
first (main) module to use
with 4 ohm speakers, or
can be connected to the
second (bridge) module
to use bridged amp with
4 ohm too. For parallel
amplification use only
TDA7293 only.
This module can be connected to the first (main) module, to the second
(bridged) module, and if you need more power, can be connected to the
first parallel module on the system to increase the output current.
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\Amp-Protection.SchDoc Drawn By:
1
1
UPC1237
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
U1
330u
C1
GND
9.2k
R9
1N4148
D3
4.7u
C4
GND
56k R7
6.8k
R8
GND
10
R2
22n
C3
GND
1N4148
D2
3
5
1
4
6
2
7 8
Rel1
12
2 input connector
Conn1
GND
22k
R1
122 input connector
Conn2
GND
1N4148
D1
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1

p
in

c
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1

p
in

c
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
33u
C2
GND
GND
GND
3 input connector 123
Conn5
GND
Dual Speker protection module
AC 24V
+24V
In2
Bill of Materials
Amp-
Protection.SchDoc 12/12/2011 16:18:00
Connector 2 pin connector 100mil 2 input connector 1 2 Conn1 #VALUE! 20 20 Ft
NonPolarized Cap CAP, Ceramic, 1MIL 22n 1 2 C3 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Diode Diode 1N4148 3 2 D1, D2, D3 #VALUE! 2 6 Ft
Cap Elco 12 mm, 2 mil pins 330u 1 2 C1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cap Elco 6mm, 1 mil pins 33u 1 2 C2 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cap Elco 6mm, 1 mil pins 4.7u 1 2 C4 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Header 15 pin Male connector PHSR-15 (T-T) 15x1 pin connector 2 15 Conn3, Conn4 #VALUE! 10 20 Ft
Connector Panel Connector 2 input Small 2 input connector 1 2 Conn2 #VALUE! 20 20 Ft
Relay 2 Relay RE2L 24V DC 1 8 Rel1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
UPC1237 UPC1237 1 8 U1 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Notes
This is very simple and optional module for all configuration
of this amplifier project. This module possible to use for all
one channel mono and all two channels stereo configura-
tions. This module (if used) must be connected between
left and right channels. Connect the left side connector of
speaker protection to the last module of left channel, connect
right side connector to the first module of the main module
of right channel. The Conn5 is used for 24V DC power, and
for 24V AC input of UPC1237. Conn1 is the LED connector
for protection checking. Conn2 is for the high current relays,
connect or disconnect the speakers from speaker outputs.
Warning
Make sure to use the schematic from the datasheet from
2003. Slave mode is activated by pulling IN+, IN- and
SGND to -Vs, the negative supply! In older versions from
1999 of the schematic slave mode is NOT activated prop-
erly, which may lead according to reports on the internet to
the destruction of the chip.
Schematic and BOM of speaker protection module
Three modes of TDA7293 from the official datasheet
Simple 7293 or 7294:
TDA7293
120V - 100WDMOS AUDIO AMPLIFIER WITH MUTE/ST-BY
VERY HIGH OPERATING VOLTAGE RANGE
(50V)
DMOS POWERSTAGE
HIGH OUTPUT POWER (100W @ THD =
10%, RL = 8, VS = 40V)
MUTING/STAND-BY FUNCTIONS
NO SWITCH ON/OFF NOISE
VERYLOW DISTORTION
VERYLOW NOISE
SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
CLIP DETECTOR
MODULARITY (MORE DEVICES CAN BE
EASILY CONNECTED IN PARALLEL TO
DRIVE VERYLOW IMPEDANCES)
DESCRIPTION
The TDA7293 is a monolithic integrated circuit in
Multiwatt15 package, intended for use as audio
class AB amplifier in Hi-Fi field applications
(Home Stereo, self powered loudspeakers, Top-
class TV). Thanks to the wide voltage range and
to the high out current capability it is able to sup-
ply the highest power into both 4 and 8 loads.
The built in muting function with turn on delay
simplifies the remote operation avoiding switching
on-off noises.
Parallel mode is made possible by connecting
more device through of pin11. High output power
can be delivered to very low impedance loads, so
optimizing the thermal dissipation of the system.
December1999
IN- 2
R2
680
C2
22F
C1 470nF
IN+
R1 22K
3
R3 22K
-
+
MUTE
STBY
4
VMUTE
VSTBY
10
9
SGND
MUTE
STBY
R4 22K
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
S/C
PROTECTION
R5 10K
C3 10F C4 10F
1
STBY-GND
C5
22F
7 13
14
6
15 8
-Vs -PWVs
BOOTSTRAP
OUT
+PWVs +Vs
C9 100nF C8 1000F
-Vs
D97AU805A
+Vs C7 100nF C6 1000F
BUFFER DRIVER
11
BOOT
LOADER 12
5
VCLIP
CLIP DET
(*)
(*) see Application note
(**) for SLAVE function
(**)
Figure 1: Typical Application and Test Circuit
Multiwatt15
ORDERING NUMBER: TDA7293V
MULTIPOWER BCD TECHNOLOGY
1/13
Parallel with 7293:
IN- 2
R2
680
C2
22F
C1 470nF
IN+
R1 22K
3
R3 22K
-
+
MUTE
STBY
4
10
9
SGND
MUTE
STBY
R4 22K
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
S/C
PROTECTION
R5 10K
C3 10F
C4 10F
1
STBY-GND
C5
47F
7 13
14
6
15 8
-Vs -PWVs
BOOTSTRAP
OUT
+PWVs +Vs
C9 100nF C8 1000F
-Vs
D97AU808C
+Vs C7 100nF C6 1000F
BUFFER
DRIVER
11
BOOT
LOADER 12
IN- 2
IN+ 3
-
+
MUTE
STBY
4
10
9
SGND
MUTE
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
S/C
PROTECTION
1
STBY-GND
7 13
14
6
15 8
-Vs -PWVs
BOOTSTRAP
OUT
+PWVs +Vs
C9 100nF C8 1000F
-Vs
+Vs
C7 100nF C6 1000F
BUFFER
DRIVER
11
BOOT
LOADER 12
5
CLIP DET
5
MASTER
SLAVE
C10
100nF
R7
2
VMUTE
VSTBY
STBY
Figure 7: Modular ApplicationCircuit
Figure 6b: PCB - Solder Side of the fig. 6.
TDA7293
10/13
IN- 2
R2
680
C2
22F
C1 470nF
IN+
R1 22K
3
R3 22K
-
+
MUTE
STBY
4
10
9
SGND
MUTE
STBY
R4 22K
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
S/C
PROTECTION
R5 10K
C3 10F
C4 10F
1
STBY-GND
C5
47F
7 13
14
6
15 8
-Vs -PWVs
BOOTSTRAP
OUT
+PWVs +Vs
C9 100nF C8 1000F
-Vs
D97AU808D
+Vs C7 100nF C6 1000F
BUFFER
DRIVER
11
BOOT
LOADER 12
IN- 2
IN+ 3
-
+
MUTE
STBY
4
10
9
SGND
MUTE
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
S/C
PROTECTION
1
STBY-GND
7 13
14
6
15 8
-Vs -PWVs
BOOTSTRAP
OUT
+PWVs +Vs
C9 100nF C8 1000F
-Vs
+Vs
C7 100nF C6 1000F
BUFFER
DRIVER
11
BOOT
LOADER 12
5
CLIP DET
5
MASTER
SLAVE
C10
100nF
R7
2
VMUTE
VSTBY
STBY
Figure 7: Modular Application Circuit
Figure 6b: PCB - Solder Side of the fig. 6.
TDA7293
10/15
Bridge with 7293 and 7294:
BRIDGE APPLICATION
Another application suggestion is the BRIDGE
configuration, where two TDA7294 are used, as
shown by the schematic diagram of figure 25.
In this application, the value of the load must not
be lower than 8 Ohm for dissipation and current
capability reasons.
A suitable field of application includes HI-FI/TV
subwoofers realizations.
The main advantages offered by this solution are:
- High power performances with limited supply
voltage level.
- Considerably high output power even with high
load values (i.e. 16 Ohm).
The characteristics shown by figures 27 and 28,
measured with loads respectively 8 Ohm and 16
Ohm.
With Rl= 8 Ohm, Vs = 25V the maximum output
power obtainable is 150 W, while with Rl=16
Ohm, Vs = 35V the maximum Pout is 170 W.

22K 0.56F
2200F 0.22F
TDA7294
+
-
22F
22K
680
22K
3
1
4
13 7
+Vs
Vi
8 15
2
14
6
10
9
+
-
3
0.56F 22K
1
4
2
14
6
22F
22K
680
10
9
22F
15 8
-Vs
2200F 0.22F
22F
20K
10K 30K
1N4148
ST-BY/MUTE
TDA7294
13 7
D93AU015A
Figure 25: Bridge Application Circuit
TDA7294
13/17
For 7293:
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VS Supply Voltage (No Signal) 60 V
V1 VSTAND-BY GND Voltage Referred to -VS (pin 8) 90 V
V2 Input Voltage (inverting) Referred to -VS 90 V
V2 - V3 Maximum Differential Inputs 30 V
V3 Input Voltage (non inverting) Referred to -VS 90 V
V4 Signal GND Voltage Referred to -VS 90 V
V5 Clip Detector Voltage Referred to -VS 120 V
V6 Bootstrap Voltage Referred to -VS 120 V
V9 Stand-by Voltage Referred to -VS 120 V
V10 Mute Voltage Referred to -VS 120 V
V11 Buffer Voltage Referred to -VS 120 V
V12 Bootstrap Loader Voltage Referred to -VS 100 V
IO Output Peak Current 10 A
Ptot Power Dissipation Tcase = 70C 50 W
Top Operating Ambient Temperature Range 0 to 70 C
Tstg, Tj Storage and Junction Temperature 150 C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
8
BUFFER DRIVER
MUTE
STAND-BY
-VS (SIGNAL)
+VS (SIGNAL)
BOOTSTRAP
CLIP AND SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTOR
SIGNAL GROUND
NON INVERTING INPUT
INVERTING INPUT
STAND-BY GND
TAB CONNECTED TO PIN8
13
14
15
12
-VS (POWER)
OUT
+VS (POWER)
BOOTSTRAP LOADER
D97AU806
PIN CONNECTION (Topview)
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VS Supply Voltage Operating 12 50 V
GLOOP Closed Loop Gain 26 40 dB
Ptot
Output Power VS = 45V; RL = 8; THD = 10% 140 W
VS = 30V; RL = 4; THD = 10% 110 W
SVR Supply Voltage Rejection 75 dB
THERMAL DATA
Symbol Description Typ Max Unit
Rth j-case Thermal Resistance Junction-case 1 1.5 C/W
TDA7293
2/13
For 7294:
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VS Supply Voltage (No Signal) 50 V
IO Output Peak Current 10 A
Ptot Power Dissipation Tcase = 70C 50 W
Top Operating Ambient Temperature Range 0 to 70 C
Tstg, Tj Storage and Junction Temperature 150 C
TAB connected to -VS
PIN CONNECTION (Top view)
TDA7294
2/17
Simplified schematic of bridged and paralleled modes
Paralleled mode
Bridged+paralleled
mode
Bridged mode
11
22
33
44
55
66
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3
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4
4
5
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6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\TDA7293-BR-MOD.SchDocDrawn By:
TDA7293
STB-GND
1
- IN
2
+ IN
3
Slave GND
4
Clip Det.
5
Bootstrap
6
+
V
S
ig
7
-
V
S
ig
8
STBY
9
Mute
10
Buff. Drv.
11
Bootst. Loader
12
+
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
3
Out
14
-
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
5
U1
1000u 60V
C2
1000u 60V
C8
GND
GND
220n
C1
220n
C9
22u
C6
22k
R7
680
R1
GND
22k
R6
GND
GND GND
10u
C5
GND
+ V
- V
22u
C7
GND
GND
22u
C3
TDA 7293/7294 Stage 2 (bridge module)
Out -
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn5
B.S.
B.L.
B.L. B.S.
56k
R2
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\TDA7293-PAR-MOD.SchDoc Drawn By:
TDA7293
STB-GND
1
- IN
2
+ IN
3
Slave GND
4
Clip Det.
5
Bootstrap
6
+
V
S
ig
7
-
V
S
ig
8
STBY
9
Mute
10
Buff. Drv.
11
Bootst. Loader
12
+
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
3
Out
14
-
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
5
U1
1000u 60V
C2
1000u 60V
C8
GND
GND
220n
C1
220n
C9
GND
+ V
- V
GND
GND
22u
C7
TDA 7293/7294 Stage 3 (paralel module)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn2
B.S.
B.L.
Out +/-
B.L.
B.S.
56k
R6
B.S.
B.L.
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\TDA7293.SchDoc Drawn By:
TDA7293
STB-GND
1
- IN
2
+ IN
3
Slave GND
4
Clip Det.
5
Bootstrap
6
+
V
S
ig
7
-
V
S
ig
8
STBY
9
Mute
10
Buff. Drv.
11
Bootst. Loader
12
+
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
3
Out
14
-
V
P
o
w
e
r
1
5
U1
1000u 60V
C2
1000u 60V
C8
GND
GND
220n
C1
220n
C9
22u
C6
22k
R7
680
R1
GND
22k
R6
GND
GND GND
10u
C5
3
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
1
2
3
Conn1
GND
GND
10u
C3
10u
C4
GND GND
10k
R3
22k
R4
GND
+ V
- V
3
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
1
2
3
Conn6
GND
Out -
Out +
In 1
Buff. Drv.
22u
C7
30k
R2
1N4148
D1
22k
R5
220 R10
BC212
T1
82k R9
6.8k
R8
1
2
2
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
Conn7
GND
3
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
1
2
3
Conn5
22u
C10
TDA 7293/7294 Stage 1 (main module)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn2
GND
Out -
Br. I/O
STBY
Mute
- V
+ V
B.S.
B.L.
B.L. B.S.
Mute
STBY
In 2
56k R11
Connections between single, bridge and parallel modes
Notes
Blue lines: connections between main
module and bridge module, one con-
nection required between parallel mod-
ule and bridged module.
Green lines: connection between main
module and parallel module, and be-
tween bridge module and parallel mod-
ule.
Yellow lines: Connection between all
modules and speaker protection.
Red lines: Input for all channels, the dot-
ted line is for second channel if the full
configuration is stereo.
Input connectors for another
modules:
Conn4 on Main module
Conn5 on Bridge module
Conn2 on parallel module
Variations between main, bridge, and parallel modules
Bridge application:
1) - 1 TDA729x IC paralleled / bridge
Single application:
1) - 1 TDA729x IC paralleled
One channel (mono) applications:
About 75-80W:
1. Main module only
2. Main module and speaker protection
About 150-200W on 8 Ohm:
1. Main module and Bridge module
2. Main module, Bridge module and speaker
protection
About 120W on 4 Ohm:
1. Main module, parallel module
2. Main module, parallel module and speaker
protection
1. Main module, and 2 parallel module
2. Main module, 2 parallel module, and
speaker protection
1. Main module, 1 parallel module, bridge
module and 1 parallel module
module, 1 parallel module and speaker
protection
module and 2 parallel module
module, 2 parallel module and speaker
protection
Two channel (stereo) applications:
About 2x75-80W:
1. Main module, speaker protection, main
module
About 2x150-200W on 8 Ohm:
1. Main module and Bridge module, speaker
protection, main module, bridge module
About 2x120W on 4 Ohm:
1. Main module, parallel module, speaker
protection, main module, parallel module
1. Main module, and 2 parallel module,
speaker protection, main module, 2 parallel
module
module and 1 parallel module, speker
protection, main module, 1 parallel module,
bridge module and 1 parallel module
module and 2 parallel module, speaker
protection, main module, 2 parallel module,
bridge module and 2 parallel module
PCB for modular expandable
TDA amplifier project
PCB for TDA729x amplifier project
PCB of main module
PCB of bridge module
13
C
2
C
5
C
4
R
1
U
1
C
8
R
8
C
1
T
1
D
1
R
2
C
9
R
4
R
1
0
R
1
1
C
o
n
n
1
C
o
n
n
5
C
3
C
1
0
C
6
C
o
n
n
2
C
o
n
n
7
R
9
R
3
R
5
R
6
R
7
C
o
n
n
6
C9
C6
R6
R7
C8
U1
C2
C3
R1
C1
C5
R2
Conn4 Conn5
TOP LAYER TOP LAYER BOTTOM LAYER BOTTOM LAYER
OVERLAY ON TOP LAYER
O
V
E
R
L
A
Y

O
N

T
O
P

L
A
Y
E
R
Notes
This module can be used
alone for mono - or with
speaker protection - for ste-
reo amplifiers. This is the
first module for all possible
configurations. Conn4 can
be connected to the right
side of speaker protection
only, Conn2 is the input of
bridge, parallel or speaker
protection modules.
Notes
This is the bridge mod-
ule of this project. This
module can be con-
nected to the right side
of first (main) module
only. This module du-
plicate the output pow-
er with 8 ohm speak-
ers. 4 Ohm speakers
cannot be used with
bridge amplifier if par-
allel modules not used.
PCB of parallel module
PCB of speaker protection module
R6
C8
C2
C9
U1
C1
Conn2
Conn1
R1
R8
R7
C2
U1 R2 R9
C1
C4
Conn5
D1
C3
Conn1
Conn2
D2
Rel1
D3
Conn4
TOP LAYER TOP LAYER BOTTOM LAYER BOTTOM LAYER
O
V
E
R
L
A
Y

O
N

T
O
P

L
A
Y
E
R
O
V
E
R
L
A
Y

O
N

T
O
P

L
A
Y
E
R
Notes
This is very simple, cheap and optional module for all configuration of this amplifier project with
UPC1237. This module possible to use for all one channel mono and all two channels stereo configura-
tions. This module (if used) must be connected between the last module of left channel and the first
(main) module of right channel. Otherworld, the left side connector (Conn3) of speaker protection
must be connected to the last module (main, bridge or parallel) of left channel, and the right side con-
nector (Conn4) must be connected to the (first) main module of right channel.
Notes
This is the parallel mod-
ule of this amplifier pro-
ject. This mode can be
connected to the right
side of first (main) mod-
ule to use with 4 ohm
speakers, or can be
connected to the sec-
ond (bridge) module to
use bridged amp with 4
ohm speakers instead of
8. For parallel amplifica-
tion use only TDA7293
only. This module can
be duplicated on sin-
gle or bridged con-
figurations after main
or bridged module
to increase the maxi-
mum output current. Its
mean, this module can
be connected to the
previous parallel mod-
ule as second parallel
output.
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5 C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5 C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5
C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5
C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5
C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
C9
C7
C6
R6
R7
C2
U1
R2
C8
C3
R1
C1 C5
Conn4 Conn5
C9
C7
C6
R6
R7
C2
U1
R2
C8
C3
R1
C1 C5
Conn4 Conn5
Examples how to connect
modules and build instrument
amplifiers
Examples for modular amplifiers
Mono bridge, single and parallel, stereo bridge and single amp
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5 C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5 C10
R7 R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
C9
C7
C6
R6
R7
C2
U1
R2
C8
C3
R1
C1 C5
Conn4 Conn5
R1
R8
R7
C2
U1 R2 R9
C1
C4
Conn5
D1
C3
Conn1
Conn2
D2
Rel1
D3
Conn4
R1
R8
R7
C2
U1 R2 R9
C1
C4
Conn5
D1
C3
Conn1
Conn2
D2
Rel1
D3
Conn4
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2 Conn1
Mono bridge
Mono single Stereo single
Stereo bridge
Mono parallel
Main module
Main module
Main module
Main module Main module
Speaker
protection
Speaker
protection
Main module
Main module
Bridge module
Bridge
module
Bridge
module
Parallel
module
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5
C10
R7
R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1
C7
T1
R9 R8 R10
R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5
C10
R7
R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
31
C2
R1
R6
U1
R2
C8
C1
R4
D1C7
T1
R9 R8 R10 R11
Conn6 Conn5 Conn1
C6 C3
C9
C4
R5
C10
R7
R3
C5
Conn7
Conn2
C9
C7
C6
R6
R7
C2
U1
R2
C8
C3
R1
C1 C5
Conn4 Conn5
C9
C7
C6
R6
R7
C2
U1
R2
C8
C3
R1
C1 C5
Conn4 Conn5
C9
C7
C6
R6
R7
C2
U1
R2
C8
C3
R1
C1 C5
Conn4 Conn5
R1
R8
R7
C2
U1 R2 R9
C1
C4
Conn5
D1
C3
Conn1
Conn2
D2
Rel1
D3
Conn4
R1
R8
R7
C2
U1 R2 R9
C1
C4
Conn5
D1
C3
Conn1
Conn2
D2
Rel1
D3
Conn4
Stereo bridge + parallel
Mono bridge + doubled parallel amplifier with speaker protection
Main module
Main module
Main module
Speaker
protection
Speaker
protection
Bridge
module
Bridge
module
Bridge
module
Examples for modular amplifiers
Stereo bridge + parallel, mono bridge + doubled parallel amp with
speaker protection
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2 Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2
Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2
Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2 Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2 Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2
Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2
Conn1
C7
C8
R6
C1
C2
U1
C9
Conn2 Conn1
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
Parallel
module
More power with parallel
modules up to 800W
More power with parallel modules
More power with 3 parallel modules
Notes
As previous application examples, I offered two parallel module after all main and bridge
module on the whole system. With this system by the official datasheet the possible output
power is 300W.
For one 300W system these modules required:
1 Main module
2 Parallel module
1 Bridge module
2 Parallel module
Speaker protection with FAN controller
This system contains 6 TDA7293 chips, for stereo application required 12 chips.
But try to increase the maximum number of parallel modules more than 2. If modify the num-
ber of 2 parallel modules to 3, the possible output power is around 800W:
1 Main module
3 Parallel module
1 Bridge module
3 Parallel module
Speaker protection with FAN controller
This system contains 8 TDA7293 chips, for stereo application required 16 chips + speaker
protection. The 800W output power maybe true if one chip really gives 100W. But this sys-
tem required more powerful power supply, and better heating system with fan controller.
Bridge application:
Single application:
Speaker protection schematic with PWM fan controller V:1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\Amp-Protection+PWM.SchDoc Drawn By:
1
1
UPC1237
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
U2
330u
C8
GND
9.2k
R10
1N4148
D7
4.7u
C12
GND
56k R8
6.8k
R9
GND
10
R6
22n
C11
GND
1N4148
D5
3
5
1
4
6
2
7 8
Rel1
GND
22k
R3
12
2
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
Conn3
GND
1N4148
D3
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn5
33u
C10
GND
GND
GND
Conn1
GND
AC 24V
+24V
In2
IN
3
1
OUT
2
ADJ
LM317 VR1
100n
C3
10u
C1
D1
12VZener
GND
GND
GND
100n
C4
10u
C2
GND
GND
2
3
1
4
1
1
A
LM324
U1A
5
6
7
B
LM324
U1B
10
9
8
C
LM324
U1C
12
13
14
D
LM324
U1D
100k
R1
100k
R2
GND GND
100k
R5
47k
R7
100k
R4
10n
C5
10k
P1
5.6k
P2
GND
t
NTH4G1
RT1
Res Thermal
GND
100n
C6
1
N
4
0
0
4 D2
A
-
+
1
2
V
C
o
o
le
r
B2
A
-
+
1
2
V
C
o
o
le
r
B1
A
-
+
1
2
V
C
o
o
le
r
B3
Dual Speker protection module with PWM fan controller
470
R11
2.7k
R12
D4 LED2
100n
C7
100n
C9
D6 LED2
IRF640
F1
Notes
This new schematic made for this modular amplifier project is PWM fan controller needed. If you build amplifier system with
parallel modules, better heating needed. This schematic contains simple speaker protection circuit with UPC1237, but FAN
controllers included for 3 12V coolers. These coolers have to be assembled to the heatsink or tho the case of the amplifier. This
new circuit can be used and connected between the left and right channels, or after the last module of one channel of mono
application. The 10kOhm RT1 thermal resistor must be fixed to the heatsink.
Bill of Materials Amp-
Protection+PWM.
SchDoc 1/22/2012 17:29:40
12V Zener Diode 1 2 D1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Adj Voltage Regulator + 221A-04 LM317 1 3 VR1 #VALUE! 65 65 Ft
Cooler 12V 2 pin connector 100mil 12V Cooler 3 2 B1, B2, B3 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Diode Diode 1N4004 1 2 D2 #VALUE! 2 2 Ft
LED2 2 pin connector 100mil 2 2 D4, D6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
LM324 J014 LM324 1 14 U1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
N-CHANNEL MOSFET TO220 IRF640 1 3 F1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
NonPolarized Cap CAP, Ceramic, 1MIL 100n 5 2 C3, C4, C6, C7, C9 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Res Thermal 2 pin connector 100mil NTH4G1 1 2 RT1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Resistor Resistor 300mil 100k 4 2 R1, R2, R4, R5 #VALUE! 2 8 Ft
Trimmer pot POT Trimmer Small 10k 1 3 P1 #VALUE! 40 40 Ft
Trimmer pot POT Trimmer Small 5.6k 1 3 P2 #VALUE! 40 40 Ft

Speaker protection PCB with PWM fan controller V:1
Speaker protection schematic with PWM fan controller V:2
1
D
1
R1
2
C2 C1
F1
C3
U2
C7
B3
R10
C11
D7
C6
B2
P2
D5
C12
C10
P1
V
R
1
R7
D3
C8
C
o
n
n
4
Conn1
U1
R2
C4
D4
Conn3
D6
R3
D2
R5
Rel1
C5
3
R11
R6
R9
RT1
C9
B1
R12
R8
R4
TOP LAYER BOTTOM LAYER
OVERLAY ON TOP LAYER
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
D D
C C
B B
A A
Title
A4
File: D:\!Works\..\Amp-Protection+MIC502-PWM.SchDoc Drawn By:
1
1
UPC1237
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
U2
330u
C8
GND
9.2k
R10
1N4148
D7
4.7u
C12
GND
56k R8
6.8k
R9
GND
10
R6
22n
C11
GND
1N4148
D5
3
5
1
4
6
2
7 8
Rel1
GND
22k
R3
12
2
in
p
u
t c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
Conn3
GND
1N4148
D3
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
5
x
1
p
in
c
o
n
n
e
c
to
r
11
12
13
14
15
Conn5
33u
C10
GND
GND
GND
Conn1
GND
AC 24V
+24V
In2
IN
3
1
OUT
2
ADJ
LM317 VR1
100n
C3
10u
C1
D1
12V Zener
GND GND
GND
D6 LED2
Dual Speker protection module with PWM fan controller V2
220u
C2
GND
47k
P1
GND
t
N
T
H
4
G
1
RT1
Res Thermal
5k
R1
20k
R2
GND
100n
C6
270
R4
IRF640
F1
100n
C4
1N4004
D2
A -+
12V Cooler
B2
A -+
12V Cooler
B1
A -+
12V Cooler
B3
2.7k
R12
D4 LED2
100n
C5
100n
C7
GND
Mic 502
VT1
1
CF
2
VSLP
3
GND
4
VT2
5
OTF
6
OUT
7
VDD
8
U1
GND
GND GND
1N4004
D8
GND
Notes
This is the second version of speaker protec-
tion with new PWM fan controller. The main
part of new fan controller is the MIC502
fan controller chip. With this solution the
PCB of this circuit can be much smaller. The
schematic contains speaker protection with
UPC1237. With P1 potentiometer set the
sleep mode, the minimum value of the tem-
perature when the coolers starts. I offer 3 or
more 12V coolers for heatsink and for the
case, depending on the power of full ampli-
fier system.
Bill of Materials Amp-
Protection+MIC502-
PWM.SchDoc 1/22/2012 17:30:35
LED2 2 pin connector 100mil 2 2 D4, D6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Cooler 12V 2 pin connector 100mil 12V Cooler 3 2 B1, B2, B3 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Res Thermal 2 pin connector 100mil NTH4G1 1 2 RT1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Adj Voltage Regulator + 221A-04 LM317 1 3 VR1 #VALUE! 65 65 Ft
NonPolarized Cap CAP, Ceramic, 1MIL 100n 4 2 C3, C4, C5, C7 #VALUE! #VALUE!
NonPolarized Cap CAP, WIMA, 2MIL 100n 1 2 C6 #VALUE! #VALUE!
12V Zener Diode 1 2 D1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Diode Diode 1N4004 2 2 D2, D8 #VALUE! 2 4 Ft
MIC 502 FAN CONTROLLER P008 Mic 502 1 8 U1 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Trimmer pot POT Trimmer Small 47k 1 3 P1 #VALUE! 40 40 Ft
N-CHANNEL MOSFET TO220 IRF640 1 3 F1 #VALUE! #VALUE!

English blog and PCB order: http://custompcb.blogspot.com/
Hungarian blog and PCB order: http://diyguitarpa.blogspot.com/
The Youtube Channel Picasa gallery Email: gitarfogas@gmail.com
Speaker protection PCB with PWM fan controller V:2
1
C1
P1
3 2 D
1
D2
U2
F1 R4
R10
D7
R9
R8
R6
C7
B3
D
3
D5
C5
B1
C12
D4
R2
C8
C10
C
o
n
n
4
Conn3 Conn1
D6
R3
C3
R1
C6
U1
C11
RT1
C4
B2
R12
V
R
1
C2
Rel1
TOP LAYER BOTTOM LAYER
O
V
E
R
L
A
Y

O
N

T
O
P

L
A
Y
E
R

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