Anda di halaman 1dari 6

MUHAMMAD AIMAN FIRDAUS BIN ADNAN

2012677572
Results
Load (kN)

Extension (m)

Stress

Strain

1
3
5
7
10.5
12
12.5
13
13
13.5
14
14
14.5
15
15
15.5
15.5
16
16
16
16.5
16.5
17
17
17
17
17
17
17.5
17.5
17.5
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5

1.00E-04
2.00E-04
3.00E-04
4.00E-04
5.00E-04
6.00E-04
7.00E-04
8.00E-04
9.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.10E-03
1.20E-03
1.30E-03
1.40E-03
1.50E-03
1.60E-03
1.70E-03
1.80E-03
1.90E-03
2.00E-03
2.10E-03
2.20E-03
2.30E-03
2.40E-03
2.50E-03
2.60E-03
2.70E-03
2.80E-03
2.90E-03
3.00E-03
3.10E-03
3.20E-03
3.30E-03
3.40E-03
3.50E-03
3.60E-03
3.70E-03
3.80E-03
3.90E-03
4.00E-03
4.10E-03
4.20E-03
4.30E-03
4.40E-03
4.50E-03
4.60E-03
4.70E-03

286172.1612
858516.4835
1430860.806
2003205.128
3004807.692
3434065.934
3577152.015
3720238.095
3720238.095
3863324.176
4006410.256
4006410.256
4149496.337
4292582.418
4292582.418
4435668.498
4435668.498
4578754.579
4578754.579
4578754.579
4721840.659
4721840.659
4864926.74
4864926.74
4864926.74
4864926.74
4864926.74
4864926.74
5008012.821
5008012.821
5008012.821
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5151098.901
5294184.982
5294184.982
5294184.982
5294184.982
5294184.982
5294184.982

0.002939447
0.005878895
0.008818342
0.01175779
0.014697237
0.017636684
0.020576132
0.023515579
0.026455026
0.029394474
0.032333921
0.035273369
0.038212816
0.041152263
0.044091711
0.047031158
0.049970606
0.052910053
0.0558495
0.058788948
0.061728395
0.064667842
0.06760729
0.070546737
0.073486185
0.076425632
0.079365079
0.082304527
0.085243974
0.088183422
0.091122869
0.094062316
0.097001764
0.099941211
0.102880658
0.105820106
0.108759553
0.111699001
0.114638448
0.117577895
0.120517343
0.12345679
0.126396238
0.129335685
0.132275132
0.13521458
0.138154027

18.5
18.5
18.5
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

4.80E-03
4.90E-03
5.00E-03
5.10E-03
5.20E-03
5.30E-03
5.40E-03
5.50E-03
5.60E-03
5.70E-03
5.80E-03
5.90E-03
6.00E-03
6.10E-03
6.20E-03
6.30E-03
6.40E-03
6.50E-03
6.60E-03
6.70E-03
6.80E-03
6.90E-03
7.00E-03
7.10E-03
7.20E-03
7.30E-03
7.40E-03
7.50E-03
7.60E-03
7.70E-03
7.80E-03
7.90E-03
8.00E-03
8.10E-03
8.20E-03
8.30E-03
8.40E-03
8.50E-03
8.60E-03
8.70E-03
8.80E-03
8.90E-03
9.00E-03
9.10E-03
9.20E-03
9.30E-03
9.40E-03
9.50E-03
9.60E-03
9.70E-03
9.80E-03
9.90E-03
1.00E-02
1.01E-02
1.02E-02
1.03E-02

5294184.982
5294184.982
5294184.982
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062

0.141093474
0.144032922
0.146972369
0.149911817
0.152851264
0.155790711
0.158730159
0.161669606
0.164609053
0.167548501
0.170487948
0.173427396
0.176366843
0.17930629
0.182245738
0.185185185
0.188124633
0.19106408
0.194003527
0.196942975
0.199882422
0.202821869
0.205761317
0.208700764
0.211640212
0.214579659
0.217519106
0.220458554
0.223398001
0.226337449
0.229276896
0.232216343
0.235155791
0.238095238
0.241034685
0.243974133
0.24691358
0.249853028
0.252792475
0.255731922
0.25867137
0.261610817
0.264550265
0.267489712
0.270429159
0.273368607
0.276308054
0.279247501
0.282186949
0.285126396
0.288065844
0.291005291
0.293944738
0.296884186
0.299823633
0.302763081

19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
18
18
17.5
17
16.5
15
13

1.04E-02
1.05E-02
1.06E-02
1.07E-02
1.08E-02
1.09E-02
1.10E-02
1.11E-02
1.12E-02
1.13E-02
1.14E-02
1.15E-02
1.16E-02
1.17E-02
1.18E-02
1.19E-02
1.20E-02
1.21E-02
1.22E-02
1.23E-02
1.24E-02
1.25E-02
1.26E-02
1.27E-02
1.28E-02
1.29E-02
1.30E-02
1.31E-02
1.32E-02
1.33E-02

5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5437271.062
5151098.901
5151098.901
5008012.821
4864926.74
4721840.659
4292582.418
3720238.095

0.305702528
0.308641975
0.311581423
0.31452087
0.317460317
0.320399765
0.323339212
0.32627866
0.329218107
0.332157554
0.335097002
0.338036449
0.340975897
0.343915344
0.346854791
0.349794239
0.352733686
0.355673133
0.358612581
0.361552028
0.364491476
0.367430923
0.37037037
0.373309818
0.376249265
0.379188713
0.38212816
0.385067607
0.388007055
0.390946502

MUHAMMAD AIMAN FIRDAUS BIN ADNAN


2012677572
Discussion(s)
1. Yes. The specimen was being tested followed the international standards. Firstly, to say
that our experiment follow the international standard because of the units. Our units
refer to SI units which means in this experiment we much more use in length to find the
extension of the specimen. Plus, we also used other units such as force and pressure.
Here are some examples of basic SI units that to show our experiment follows the
international standard.
Units
Meter
Newton
Pascals

Quantity
Length
Force
Pressure

Symbol
M
N
Pa

Secondly, to show that our experiment that follow the international standards are by
refer to our experimental procedure. By researched that we have done regarding this
experiment the (international standards) we already compared the international
standards procedure and ours experiment procedure are slightly same. For example,
one of the procedures that we did is to find the measurement of the specimen. The
measurements include find the length and the cross-sectional area of the specimen.
These explanations can say that our experiment follows the international standard.
2. Before we intend to precautions, we may discuss the percentage of error that occur in
our experiment regarding our objective to find. Heres the table we plotted for the
error.

Yield Stress
Ultimate Tensile
Stress
Modulus of Elasticity

Experimental
Value
269.5MPa
329.1Mpa
12.9Gpa

Actual value

%Error

250Mpa
400MPa

7.8%
17.73%

210Gpa

82.8%

At first, we might say experiment value are never not gonna be same from actual value.
Since its the experiment, they have certain errors might happen. Regarding our error
percentage, the modulus of elasticity is the highest error that we face and the lowest is
the error for the yield strength. The ultimate tensile stress is the median one. On top of
that, the errors factor might related to human errors such as the handwheel cause the
handwheel are manually controlled by human. The handwheel are too sensitive and
might the human error factor affect the rotation of the handwheel. The handwheel put
a big major that lead to find the results. Secondly, the condition of the lab might be
affect to the result. The room temperature affect the specimen and it affect too the
results and leads to errors. Thirdly, the gripping hands on the machine that are too
strong and our specimen it is just a mild steel. Mild steel are material ductile, and tends
to perform well in cold water, in that it does not become too brittle and not a strong
steel when compared to others steel. Hence, the gripping hands are to strong to handle
the weak specimen and can this error might leads to error.
The precaution that we can take note is that the handwheel must be focus guided since
the handwheel are affects to the results. Especially when the specimen are in elastic
region to plastic region.
3. The type of the specimen being tested is mild steel. Mild steel are ductile material.
Hence, the specimen are tend to elongate before the specimen are broken. The
specimen undergoes necking region before it tend to break. Furthermore, the surface
texture of the broken specimen are smaller in a way of surface area. Because we
recorded the dimension before and after the result of that specimen. Clinically, the
surface area of the specimen become smaller since the specimen elongate and face the
necking point.

Necking produced on the


specimen when a certain
load applied

The fracture specimen

Anda mungkin juga menyukai