CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 General Approach
This study deals with the utilization of exergy as an efficient tool for energy policy
making applications since exergy is a measure of quantity and quality of the energy
sources unlike energy which is only about the quantity. In addition, energy and exergy
content of coal are calculated and the role of exergy is discussed for energy and
environment policy making activities from several key perspectives, e.g., quality, energy
conservation, environment, economy, and sustainable development.
3.2 Scope and Limiaion!
This research will analyze exergy of various type coal in PT. ukit !sam "Persero#,
Tbk Tan$ung %nim, &umatera &elatan includes ' heating value, exergy and quality of fuel.
(urthermore, this analysis is done to determine coal)s quality and its utilization which can
be used to make the important steps as coal policy recommendations. %xergy analysis is
expected to provide a good choice for coal utilization in the future then it will be
consideration and tools of coal policy recommendation in Indonesia.
3.3 Daa So"rce!
The data used in this analysis were obtained from the following sources '
*ata spesification of coal in PT. ukit !sam "Persero#, tbk. +n ,- +ctober .,/.
0oal production, demand and consumption in .,,, until .,//. &ource' 1inistry of
%nergy and 1ineral 2esources.
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1 production, demand and consumption in .,,, until .,//. &ource' 1inistry of
%nergy and 1ineral 2esources.
5as production, demand and consumption in .,,, until .,//. &ource' 1inistry of
%nergy and 1ineral 2esources.
3.# General A!!"mpion!
5eneral assumptions that will be used in the calculation of coal exergy analysis are'
The empirical equations expressing the heating value of compounds of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur based on the calculated values of the
678 of numerous solid homogeneous organic compounds presented by
&zargut and &tyrylska and developed by 5hamarian and 0ambel. !ssuming
that the equations obtained hold true for nonhomogeneous compounds, such
as coal, and neglecting the energy of the ash
9sing the calculated values of exergy for numbers of homogeneous solid
organic compounds, the empirical equations for the exergy of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur "neglecting the exergy of ash and
moisture# compounds developed by 5hamarian and 0ambel,
0alculation the quality of fuel, as the ratio of exergy to energy of its unit
quantity and based on molar ratios from the equation developed by &zargut
and &tyrylska,
3.$ Parameer! Scenario
In this research, there are two parameters scenaro that we use, include '
/. 0oal (eed &pesification '
:,
2ange of 0alorific 8alue ' ;,,, kcal<kg
Total 1oisture ' /:.;/ =
Total &ulfur ' ,.;/ =
.. The standard of power generation per each scenario is its ability to generate / kw
electrcity
3.% Daa Proce!!in& Proced"re!
The data that will be analyzed, collected and then processed using the worksheet
>microsoft office excel> to calculate the efficiency of each component. (urthermore, the
result of the calculation is arranged into a table and then displayed in graphical form.
3.' Coal Ener&( Plannin& and Modelin&
PLA))*)G /. 0oal &ufficiency *ata
.. 0oal 9sing *ata
?. !chieving %nergy &ecurity of 0oal
/. !ssesing Present 0oal and *emand
.. !ssesing &tock of 0oal
?. !ssesing 0oal 9sing +ptimization &cenarioes
;. 0oal +ptimization Identification
MODEL*)G /. 2eviewing Patterns of 0oal 9sing
.. Pro$ecting (uture 0oal *emand and &upply
?. 0omparing of 0oal +ptimization &cenarioes
/. Identification of @ays and 1eans for !ttenting 0oal
&ufficiency
.. To !cheve %nergy &ecurity of 0oal
:/
3.+ Coal Opimi,aion Scenarioe!
/. usiness as 9sual "a9# &cenario
.. 9pgrading rown 0oal "90# &cenario
?. 5asification &cenario
;. 6iquefaction &cenario
3.- Sep! o. E/er&( Anal(!i! o. Coal
7ere, a ABstep procedure are developed.
/. 0alculate the exergy of coal
ased on the calculated values of the 678 of numerous solid homogeneous organic
compounds presented by &zargut and &tyrylska, using the empirical equations
expressing the heating value of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
.. 0alculate the exergy of coal after upgraded
0oal Power 5eneration
0oal 90 Process Power 5eneration %xergy !nalysis
0oal 5asification Power 5eneration %xergy !nalysis
0oal 6iquefaction Power 5eneration %xergy !nalysis
%xergy !nalysis
:.
ased on the calculated values of the 678 of numerous solid homogeneous organic
compounds presented by &zargut and &tyrylska, using the empirical equations
expressing the heating value of compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
?. 0alculate the exergy of gasification
0alculate chemical exergy for product of gasification process.
;. 0alculate the exergy of liquefaction
0alculate chemical exergy for product of liquefaction process.
A. 0oal Policy
(rom the exergy analysis, find out how energy modelling can be use.