GENDER

GENDER
SENSITIVITY
SENSITIVITY
Maria Corazon A. Maria Corazon A. Pitero Pitero
Social Welfare Officer IV Social Welfare Officer IV- -DSWD FO V DSWD FO V
Presented during the Advocacy Training for Youth on Anti-
Trafficking of Women & Children
November 12-13, 2008
Pepperland Hotel, Legazpi City
DISCUSSION FLOW
DISCUSSION FLOW
Key Gender Concepts
Gender and Sex
Gender Issues
KEY GAD CONCEPTS
KEY GAD CONCEPTS
GENDER ANALYSIS
GENDER ANALYSIS

an examination of
an examination of
a problem or situation in order to
a problem or situation in order to
identify gender issues and the
identify gender issues and the
obstacles to gender equality
obstacles to gender equality
GENDER DISCRIMINATION
GENDER DISCRIMINATION

differential
differential
treatment given to individuals on the
treatment given to individuals on the
basis of their gender. Involves
basis of their gender. Involves
systemic and structural bias in terms of
systemic and structural bias in terms of
income, resources & decision
income, resources & decision
-
-
making
making
GENDER ISSUE
GENDER ISSUE

arises when gender

arises when gender
inequality is recognized as undesirable
inequality is recognized as undesirable
or unjust
or unjust
GENDER SENSITIVITY
GENDER SENSITIVITY is the ability to
recognize gender issues especially the
ability to recognize womens different
perceptions and interests arising from their
different social location and different
gender roles
GENDER AWARENESS
GENDER AWARENESS the ability to
identify problems arising from gender
inequality and discrimination; a high level
of gender conscientization
GENDER ROLES
GENDER ROLES
-
-
those roles a society
those roles a society
or culture defines or constructs as
or culture defines or constructs as
female gender role. Example: Child
female gender role. Example: Child
rearing
rearing
SEX ROLES
SEX ROLES
-
-
occupation or biological
occupation or biological
function. Example: Pregnancy
function. Example: Pregnancy
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
Participants will be divided into two groups
(male and female)
Group of male will draw a female figure
and label all the body parts
Female group will draw a male figure and
label all the body parts
Group members will write on meta cards
the attributes characteristics of
male/female
SEX
refers to the biological differences between
men and women
universal
do not change overtime
GENDER
refers to the social differences and relations between
men and women
changeable overtime
has wide variations within and between cultures
socially construed
learned through gender socialization process
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Androgen
Hormones
XX XY Chromosomes
Vagina
Clitoris
Penis Genitalia
Ovary
Uterus
Testes Reproductive
Organ
FEMALE MALE
Determinants of Sex:
Determinant of Gender:
CULTURE
A set of peoples values, beliefs, behavior,
language and artifacts
Transmitted from generation to generation
Culture tells us:
what we ought to be
what we ought to think
what we ought to expect of others
The difference in opportunities available
to men and women for achieving a
better life arise from factors directly
relating to their being male and female
This is where SEX and GENDER enter
the social picture and shape the
specific contours of mens and
womens lives
SEX has been used to confine women
and men to specific functions and roles; an
argument for restricting womens and
mens capacities; and , legitimizing the
domination of one sex over another
GENDER expectations limit the
choices of men and women; impose high
psychic cost when men and women do
something contrary to expectations
GENDER ROLES, EXPECTATIONS and
GENDER ROLES, EXPECTATIONS and
PERCEPTIONS...
PERCEPTIONS...
box men and women into
situations that constrain their
capacity to do and capacity to be,
hindering, in turn,
their potentials to attain a
full and satisfying life
box men and women into
situations that constrain their
capacity to do and capacity to be,
hindering, in turn,
their potentials to attain a
full and satisfying life.
GENDER ISSUES
GENDER ISSUES
subordination marginalization
multiple burden
stereotyping
violence
against
women
Gender Stereotyping
Behavior, attitude and
emotional disposition that
men and women are
expected to be
Can be compared to
putting someone in a box
where all movements are
limited to what the space
will allow
Refers to the different
standards set for men and
women
Institutions that perpetuate gender
stereotyping:
Family - assigning toys, clothes, household
chores
School - curriculum content, courses
Church/Religion - virginity/chastity
values, limitation of womens roles/choices
Mass media - portrayal of women as
sex objects, mothers/housewives; macho
image of men
Laws and government enacting laws that
are discriminatory to women
Core message:
As gender definitions and roles are
created by society. . So too can they be
changed
Marginalization
undervaluation of
womens contribution to
the economy
womens work is often
excluded from national
employment because
activities carried
out by women are
often unpaid or take
place in the informal
sector not covered by
legislation
Gender division of labor differentiating
between a mans work and womans work
Productive work - work done in the public
sphere; domain of men; paid and considered
primary
Reproductive work - work done in the home
and the private sphere; womans domain;
unpaid, not valued and considered secondary
Multiple Burden
refers to the increasing
duties and responsibilities
that women are expected to
take on without a similar
expected effort from men
(productive & reproductive
work)
Womens involvement in
both productive and
reproductive tasks means
they work longer hours per
day than men
SUBORDINATION refers to a power relationship
where men are expected to take on leadership
and women are expected to support or
subordinate themselves to men
Power is assumed, grabbed, enjoyed or
accumulated because it has corresponding
privileges
Women have been historically disempowered
through gender stereotyping, economic
marginalization, subordination and various
forms of abuse/violence
3 categories of power: power over; power
with; and power within
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Core Message:
All forms of gender-based violence targets
women because they are women; and are
perpetuated by men because of beliefs of
male superiority and women as sex
objects/commodities or properties
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (VAW)
is any act of gender-
based violence that
results in, or likely to result
in physical, sexual,
psychological harm or
suffering to women (and
children) including threats
of such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivation of
liberty occurring in public
or private life
ACTIVITY: Interactive Discussion
Participants will react to the following statements by
saying: Agree, Disagree or Neutral
Ang babaeng bungangera ay dapat
lang bugbugin.
Kasalanan ng babaeng magahasa
kung siya ay naglalakad nang alas
dose ng gabi.
Sakit ang pagiging lesbyana o bakla.
Makasalanan ang babae sa
prostitusyon.
FORMS OF VAW
Domestic Violence any act which
results in or likely to result in physical,
sexual or psychological harm or suffering
including threats of such acts, coercion,
assault, harassment or arbitrary deprivation
of liberty committed between or against
family or household members
Homophobia any act, remark, gesture,
treatment, or attitude that discriminates or abuses
another person on the basis of sexual orientation
or expression of gender identity or expression
Sex trafficking refers to recruitment,
transportation, transfer or harboring or receipt of
person with or without the victims consent or
knowledge, within or across national borders by
means of threat or use of force and other forms of
coercion for the purpose of exploitation, forced
labor or services, slavery or the removal or sale of
organs
Prostitution any act, transaction,
scheme or design involving the use of
person, whether women, man or child, for
the sexual gratification, exploitation or
pleasure of another in exchange for cash,
profit or other consideration, or any act
which promotes or facilitates the
accomplishment of the said act,
transaction, scheme or design
Rape sexual violation or intercourse
without consent of one of the parties; is
the most widespread form of sexual
violence against women; all forms of rape
concern the domination of one person
over another
Sexual harassment sexual offenses
like peeping, wolf-whistling, fondling or
obscene jokes that degrade women, and
asking for sexual favors from people in
authority in exchange for work or a better
grade
V A W: -
Involves a pattern of abusive and threatening
behaviors which include physical, sexual, etc
Is an exertion of male power and control over
women
Is not caused by genetics or illness but learned
through observation and reinforcement in both
the family and society
Is reinforced by societys acceptance that men
have the right to control women in relationships
and the right to use force to ensure that control
Gender relations are relations of power.
In examining gender relations, recognition
of womens subordinate social status and
the transformation of this status is
necessary
Gender is not solely a womens issue.
It is a social issue that calls for public
action from men and women.