The University Of Asia Pacific

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

ECE 102
Exp No.
!ami"iari#ation $ith a"ternating current %AC& $aves
O'(ective)
To study ac (sinusoidal) wave forms and correlate them with practically measurable
effective values. An understanding on a simple ac circuit is also expected to be
developed in the experiment.
*ntro+uction)
Any periodic variation of current or voltage where the current (or voltage), when
measured along any particular direction, goes positive as well as negative, is defined to
be an AC quantity. inusoidal AC wave shapes are the ones where the variation (current
or voltage) is a sine function of time.
!ig ". An ac (sinusoidal) voltage waveform
!or the wave form in !ig.",
Time period # T
!requency f # "$T
t T V ft V v ) / 2 sin( 2 sin = =
Effective va"ue)
%ffective (rms) values of sinusoidal waveforms are given as&
2
1
0
2 m
T
V
dt v
T
V = =

(!or sinusoidal wave)

v
V
m
t
T
2
1
0
2 m
T
I
dt i
T
I = =

(!or sinusoidal wave)

These values are directly measured in ac voltmeter $ ammeters and can be used in
power calculation as&
R V R I P /
2 2
= =
Phase +ifference)
!ig '. Two sinusoidal waves with phase difference
(hase difference between two ac sinusoidal waveforms is the difference in electrical
angle between two identical points of the two waves. )n fig. ', the voltage and current
equations are given as&
t T Sin V v
m
) / 2 ( =
) / 2 ( = Tt Sin I i
m
*mpe+ance)
*elation between the voltage across and the current through any component of an ac
circuit is given by impedance. !or the voltage and current waveforms in !ig. ', the
corresponding impedance + is given as&
= =
rms rms m m
I V I V Z / ) /
E,uipment "ist)
,scilloscope
!unction generation
-ecade resistor
Capacitor ban.
AC voltmeter
AC ammeter
(T
/readboard
v/i
t
T

Circuit +iagram)
". Connect the output of the function generator directly to channel " of the
oscilloscope as shown in fig ". et the amplitude of the wave at "01 and the
frequency at " .23. elect sinusoidal wave shape.
'. .etch the wave shape observed on the oscilloscope. -etermine the time
period of the wave and calculate the frequency.
4. 5easure the voltage with an ac voltmeter.
6. Change the frequency to 70023 and note what happens to the display of the
wave.
10V
p-p
1 KHz
Osc.
Ch-1
+
_
Fig 1
Fig 2
10V
p-p
1 KHz
Osc.
Ch-1
1F
100 Osc.
Ch-2
7. Construct the circuit as shown in !ig. '. 5easure the input voltage with an ac
voltmeter and the input current with an ac ammeter.
8. ,bserve the wave shapes of oscilloscope channels " and ' simultaneously.
-raw them.