C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

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A. CHC NNG NG PHP CA TRNG T
1. Trng t b ngha cho 1 ng t thng
She swims strongly
2. Trng t b ngha cho 1 trng t khc
She swims very strongly
The boy runs fairly fast
3. Trng t b ngha cho 1 tnh t
It is very kind person
It is so nice today
4. Trng t b ngha cho 1 mnh
Happily, she passed her exam
Luckily, we have found out the keys
B. KHI NIM V PHN LOI MNH TRNG NG
Mnh trng ng l mnh c chc nng ng php ca 1 trng ng (b ngha cho
1 mnh khc); Cc mnh trng ng thng c gi l mnh ph (Subordinate
Clause - l nhng mnh khng din t c 1 trn vn) v cc mnh c b ngha
thng c gi l mnh chnh (Main clause - l mnh c th tn ti c lp v din t
1 trn vn).
Mnh trng ng trong ting anh gm c:
Mnh trng ng ch thi gian-Adverbial clause of time
Mnh trng ng ch mc ch-Adverbial clause of purpose
Mnh trng ng ch kt qu-Adverbial clause of result
Mnh trng ng ch nguyn nhn-Adverbial clause of cause
Mnh trng ng ch quan h tng phn/ nhng b -Adverbial clause of
contrast/concession)
Mnh trng ng ch th cch-Adverbial clause of manner
Mnh trng ng ch iu kin-Adverbial clause of condition (tnh trng)
Mnh trng ng ch so snh-Adverbial clause comparison
I. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
Mnh trng ng ch thi gian (Adverbial clause of time) l mnh b ngha cho mnh chnh
bng cch xc nh thi gian m hnh ng ca mnh chnh thc hin/xy ra.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE - MNH TRNG NG

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Mnh trng ng ch thi gian thng bt u bng: Before, after, as soon as (ngay sau
khi), while (trong khi),when, as (khi), until (mi cho n khi), till (mi cho n khi), once (khi
m, mi khi), by the time (ngay khi).
Ex: When the speaker entered the room, we all stand up
(Phn tch v d ny: When the speaker entered the room khi v din gi i vo phng th
cha c ngha g c, cha din t c trn vn ca 1 mnh do ng vai tr l
mnh ph - Subordinate Clause; we all stand up chng ti ng dy y l mnh
din t trn vn do ng vai tr l mnh chnh - Main clause).
Tm li:
Mnh ph lun lun b ngha cho mnh chnh; khi m mnh ph b ngha cho mnh
chnh th c gi l mnh trng ng.
Trong mt s trng hp cng c cu phc - l cu c 1 mnh chnh (main clause) v 1
mnh ph (sub clause) hoc nhiu mnh ph.
Ex:
She had finished her homework before her mother came home.
(Main clause She had finished her homework din t c trn vn)
When you become an adult, you will know the truth.
Mnh ch thi gian (Adverbial clause of time) c bt u bng lin t ch thi gian (when,
until, as soon as, as, till, while, once, by the time, v.v...)
Lu : Phn bit gia while v during
While (Trong khi) (Conjunction - lin t) + Clause
Ex:
While they were having lunch, she said nothing to him
During (Trong sut) (Preposition - gii t) + Noun/V-ing
Ex:
During lunch, she said nothing to him
Khi bin i mt N/V-ing thnh mt mnh cn ch : S, V, Tense
Ex:
During lunch, she said nothing to him (trong sut thi gian n tra....)
- Subject: They (ch ng y l 2 ngi nn c th dng They)
- Verb: have/eat (n)
- Tense: Past continuous (ch qu kh tip din trong c cuc n)
While they were having lunch, she said nothing to him
While we were watching the film, power failed
During our film, power failed
II. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
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Mnh trng ng ch mc ch l mnh b ngha cho mnh chnh, bng cch xc nh mc
ch m hnh ng ca mnh chnh xy ra.
Mnh trng ng ch mc ch thng c bt u bng: so that; in order that (
m); lest (ko m); for fear that (e rng, s rng)
Ex:
She is studing hard
main clause
so that she can pass the next exam
sub clause

We left the house early lest we would muss the first train
We tiptoed in order that we wouldn't make the baby up (Chng ti i rn rn/i nhn
gt m khng lm a tr thc gic)
toe(n): ngn chn, tip (n): u mt
NOTES
din t ch mc ch chng ta cn c th s dng cc t hoc cm t sau:
a) in order for SO/ST to do ST: cho ai/ ci g lm g
Ex:
In order for a film to be interesting, it must have a good plot
( cho 1 b phim hay th b phim phi c ct truyn hay)
In order for your child to be respectful, you must educate him very early
be respectful: l php
b) for + N/Ving
Ex:
She went to market for some eggs
Go to market/school/church/pagoda ~ c ngha i vi mc ch chnh ca danh t
, tc l n trng hc, i thp hng cha chin, n nh th lm l..
Nu "Go to the school / the church / the pagoda..." th khng c ngha vi mc ch
chnh "n trng khng fi hc, n nh th khng fi lm l, .."
c) to
so as to + bare inf lm g
in order to
Ex:
She is studing hard to/so as to/ in order to be able to pass the next exam.
Hnh thc ph nh:
so as not to + bare inf
in order not to + bare inf
Ex:
We left the house early so as not to miss the first train.
d) with a view to
prep
(not) V-ing ~ (ng) lm g
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Ex:
We left the house early with a view to not missing the first train.
She is studying hard with a view to being able to pass the next exam.
III. AVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT
Mnh ch kt qu l nhng mnh b ngha cho mnh chnh bng cch xc nh kt qu.
Mnh trng ng ch kt qu c bt u bng so (v vy), so... that, such....... that (qu ... n
ni)
Ex:
She had studied hard so she pass the exam successfully.
They practised regularly so they won the match easily.
1. Cc cu trc ca so.... that v such.... that
a. Sub + verb + so + adj/adv + that + clause qu ..... n ni
Ex:
She is so kind that everyone loves her
He swam so strongly that he won the first prize
The coffee is so hot that we can't drink it
Translate into Vietnamese
1) Ngi thanh nin li xe bt cn nn anh y thng gy tai nn
The young man drives so carelessly that he often causes accidents.
2) Quyn sch dy qu n ni ti khng th c xong n trong mt m
The book is so thick that I can't finish reading it in a night
3) C y lm vic tch cc qu n ni c y c tin c nhanh chng
be/get promoted: tin c
She work so hard that she got promoted quickly (fast: thng s dng vi tc )
b. Sub + verb + such + a/an + adj + singular noun + that + clause
Ex: Chuyn cc cu t (a) sang dng (b)
She is such a kind person that everyone loves her
She was such a strong swimmer that he won the first prize
NOTE: Vi cu trc so that khi chuyn thnh such ...that ta bin ng t
chnh thnh danh t.
Translate into Vietnamese
1) l chic xe t tin qu n ni bn h khng th mua ni
It is such an expensive car that they can't buy it
2) Anh y l vn ng vin chy nhanh n ni khng ai c th bt kp anh y
He is such a fast runner that no one catch up with him
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3) Ch y cho ti mn quyn sch tiu thuyt hay n ni ti c n sut c m
She lent such a interesting novel that I read it during the night / through out the night/all
night.
c. Sub + verb + so + adj + a/an + singular noun + that + clause
Ex: Chuyn cc cu t (a) sang dng (c)
She is so kind that everyone loves her.
She is so kind a person that everyone loves her.
He swam so strongly that he won the first prize.
He was so strong a swimmer that he won the first prize.
Translate into Vietnamese
1) l con ch p n ni ch y lun dt n i do
It is so nice a dog that she always take it out for a walk
2) B y l ngi nh my cn thn n ni b y khng bao gi mc li
She is so careful a typist that she never make any mistakes
d. Sub + verb + so + many/few + plural noun + that + clause ~ qu nhiu/t ....n ni m
Translate into Vietnamese
1) Ch y c qu nhiu bn n ni ch y khng th nh ht sinh nht ca h c
She has so many friends that she can't remember their birthdays
2) Qu t sinh vin ng k lp hc n ni n b hy
So few students registered for the class that it was cancelled
e. Sub + Verb + so + much/little + uncountable noun + that + clause
Translate into Vietnamese
1) M ti c qu t thi gian ri n ni m ti khng bao gi xem truyn hnh vo bui
ti
My mother has so little free time that she never watches TV at night
2) Bn h tiu qu nhiu tin n ni bn h tr nn tng qun
Be/ get broke: tng qun, khnh kit
They spent so much money that they got broke
f. Sub + verb + such + adj + plural noun/uncountable noun + that + clause
(qu... n ni)
Ex:
They had such nice memories that they decided to come back there
memory (n): k nim, tr nh
It was such good news that she jumped with joy
Translate into Vietnamese
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1) H l nhng cu con trai thn thin qu n ni m chng ti mun kt bn vi bn
h
They are such friendly boys that we want to make friend with them
2) Tr m qu n ni lm cho anh y mt ng sut m
It was such strong tea that it kept him awake all night
NOTES
1. Ta c th b that c 6 cu trc trn m khng nh hng n ngha v cu trc ca chng
2. Hnh thc o ng nhn mnh ngha ca cu trc a.
Sub + verb + so + adj/adv + that + clause l:
So + adj/adv + be + sub + X + that + clause
Such auxiliary verb bare inf
Ex:
She is so kind that everyone loves her
So kind is she that everyone loves her.
Such
He swam so strongly that he won the first prize.
So strongly did he swim that he won the first prize.
Such
i vi cc cu trc ca (b), (c), n (f) th chng ta chuyn v cu trc (a) sau mi chuyn sang
cu trc o ng nhn mnh ngha.
Ex(f): It was such good news that she jumped with joy.
So ...........
Bc 1: Chuyn v dng (a): The news was so good that she jumped with joy.
Bc 2: So good was the news that she jumped with joy.
2. din t kt qu ta cn c th s dng cc cu trc
a. too + adj/adv + (for SO) + to inf Qu ... n ni (ai) khng th lm c g
Ex:
The coffee is too hot for us to drink it
The car is too expensive for them to buy
He run too fast for everyone to catch up with
b. too + many/much + Noun + for SO + to inf
few/little
(qu nhiu/t danh t n ni (ai) khng th lm g)
Ex: She has too many friends to remember their birthdays
My mother has too little free time to watch TV at night
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Anh y c qu t sch tham kho n ni anh y khng th lm bi kim tra
He read too few reference books that he can't do text
Bn h tiu qu nhiu tin n ni bn h khng th mua thc n cho bui ti
They spent too much money that they can't buy food at night
c. adj/adv + enough + (for SO/ST) + to inf
It is cold enough for us to wear warm clothes
He swam strongly enough to win the race
The car is not cheap enough for them to buy
The car is too expensive
Nh vy: too + adj/adv + (for SO/ST) + to inf
= not + adj/adv
tri ngha
+ enough + (for SO/ST) + to inf
She is too young to get married
She is not old enough to get married
So..... (o ng)
Bc 1: Chuyn v cu trc (a): She's so young that she can't married
Bc 2: So young is she that she can't married
She is such a young girl that she can't married
He doesn't type carefully enough to avoid mistakes.
He types too carelessly to avoid mistakes.
He is such a careless typist that he can't avoid mistakes.
d. enough + noun + (for SO/ST) to inf (n) cho ai/ci g lm g
He didn'd read enough reference books to finish his text
My mother has too little free time to watch TV at night
My mother doesn't have enough free time to watch TV at night.
e. Ta c th s dng cc trng t sau y din t kt qu: thus, hence (do vy/ v
vy), consequently, accordingly.
She had studied hard so she passed the exam successfully
She had studied hard hence, she.......
thus, she...
accordingly, she...
f. Ta cn c th cc cm t sau din t kt qu:
As a result / As a consequence + Clause do vy, v vy
as a result / as a consequence + of Noun do, v
She had studied hard. As a result, she passed the exam successfully.