com
The economic stability of developing country like
Pakistan depends upon the growth of the energy sector
to influence social prosperity and long-term planning
for utilization of domestic energy resources.
Pakistan has been facing an unprecedented energy
crisis since last few years.
Its current energy demand far exceeds its indigenous
supplies, fostering dependency on imported oil that
places substantial burden on economy of the country
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Pakistan consumes 8 Million tons of Diesel annually
out of which 4 Million tons are imported.
Diesel is consumed by the industrial, transportation a
nd agriculture sectors, s which make u for 75% of the
countrys annual energy use at 26.280 MOTE.
10% of countrys annual Diesel consumption replaced w
ith Biodiesel will result in estimated savings in excess
of US $ 1 Billion per annum.
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In Pakistan after cotton, rapeseed-mustard is
the second most important source of oil in
Pakistan. It is cultivated over an area of 307,000
hectares with annual production of 233,000
tonnes and contribute about 17% to the
domestic production of edible oil.
Rapeseed and mustard seed is a rich source
of oil and protein. The seed has oil as high as
46-48 percent, Whole seed meal has 43.6
percent protein. Rapeseed meal is an excellent
feed for animals.
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What is Biodiesel?
Alternative fuel for diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
Meets health effect testing (CAA)
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
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Interesting ;
400 liters of Biodiesel per day using which a 200 KW generator can
run for 8 hours on B100 (100% Biodiesel).
Preparation:
Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced
usually from triglyceride esters
Raw vegetable oil is turned into biodiesel through a chemical process
called transesterification that separates out glycerin for use in soaps
and other products and leaves behind methyl esters
(the technical term for biodiesel).
Fatty Acid
Alcohol
Glycerin
Biodiesel
FA
FA
FA
FA
Vegetable Oil
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Biodiesel can be used in existing
Diesel Engines
Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with petroleum
diesel (B20, BXX).
Little or no engine modifications
Use existing fuel distribution network.
Available now
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Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Gasoline
CNG
LPG
Diesel
Ethanol 85%
B20
Diesel Hybrid
Electric
B100
Data from A Fresh Look at CNG: A Comparison of Alternative
Fuels, Alternative Fuel Vehicle Program, 8/13/2001
B100 = 100% Biodiesel
B20 = 20% BD + 80% PD
** B100 (100% biodiesel) with NOx adsorbing catalyst on vehicle
Relative emissions: Diesel and Biodiesel
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Total Unburned HCs
CO
Particulate Matter
**NOx
Sulfates
PAHs
n-PAHs
Mutagenicity
CO2
Percent
B100 **
B20
Diesel
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