Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology

Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Department of Telecommunications
Lectured by Ha Hoang Kha, Ph.D.
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Email: hahoangkha@gmail.com
Optimal Beamformer

Content
Apply Lagrange condition to find optimal beamformer
Optimal Beamformer 2 H. H. Kha
References
Slides are adapted from the following resources:
P. P. Vaidyanathan and Chun-Yang Chen, A Novel
Beamformer Robust to Steering Vector Mismatch,
Slides.
A. B. Gershman, N. D. Sidiropoulos, S.
Shahbazpanahi, M. Bengtsson, and B. Ottersten,
Convex Optimization-based Beamforming: From
Receive to Transmit and Network Designs, 2010.

Optimal Beamformer 3 H. H. Kha
1. Receive Beamforming
By linearly combining the
array output signals, the
signal of interest (SOI) can
be extracted while the
interferences and noise is
suppressed.

Interferences
Antenna array
Signal of interest (SOI)

w
0
*
w
1
*
w
2
*
w
N-1
*

+
Linear
combination
Beamforming has long been
used in many areas, such as
radar, sonar, seismology,
medical imaging, speech
processing and wireless
communications.

Optimal Beamformer 4 H. H. Kha
Beamforming

d d
q
x(t)e
j(2pft-kx)

dsinq
(N-1)dsinq
2dsinq
y
1

y
2
y
3
y
N

Steering
vector
Optimal Beamformer 5 H. H. Kha
q
The beamformer output

d d
q
x(t)e
j(2pft-kx)

w
1
*

+
w
2
*
w
3
*
w
N
*

Beamformer
response of the
signal from angle
q.
Optimal Beamformer 6 H. H. Kha
Optimal Beamforming
The goal is to extract the signal of interest (SOI)
while suppressing the interferences and noise. In
other word, maximize SINR.
Instead of R
v
, only R
y
can be estimated in
practice. Therefore we obtain the optimal
beamformer by minimizing the total variance
while constraining the signal response to be unity.
Optimal Beamformer 7 H. H. Kha
1
1
( ) ( )
N
H
t
t t
N

y
R y y
N : the number of
snapshots available.

Optimal Beamforming
The solution to the above problem can be expressed as
The solution is well know as the Capon beamformer
[Capon 1969].
Optimal Beamformer 8 H. H. Kha
Example of an optimal beamformer
0 10 20 30 40 45 50 60 70 80 90
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Angle (degree)
B
e
a
m

p
a
t
t
e
r
n

(
d
B
)
SOI
SINR = 19.70dB
Optimal Beamformer 9 H. H. Kha
Example of an optimal beamformer
0 10 20 30 40 45 50 60 70 80 90
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
Angle (degree)
B
e
a
m

p
a
t
t
e
r
n

(
d
B
)
SOI
SINR = 19.70dB
Optimal Beamformer 10 H. H. Kha
Example of an optimal beamformer
Optimal Beamformer 11 H. H. Kha
2. Transmit beamforming
Optimal Beamformer 12 H. H. Kha
2. Transmit beamforming
Optimal Beamformer 13 H. H. Kha
2. Transmit beamforming
Optimal Beamformer 14 H. H. Kha
2. Transmit beamforming
Optimal Beamformer 15 H. H. Kha
2. Transmit beamforming
Optimal Beamformer 16 H. H. Kha
2. Transmit beamforming
Optimal Beamformer 17 H. H. Kha